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>> help imread

IMREAD Read image from graphics file.

A = IMREAD(FILENAME,FMT) reads a grayscale or color image from the

file specified by the string FILENAME, where the string FMT specifies

the format of the file.  See the reference page, or the output of the

function IMFORMATS, for a list of supported formats.  If the file is

not in the current directory or in a directory in the MATLAB path,

specify the full pathname of the location on your system.  If IMREAD

cannot find a file named FILENAME, it looks for a file named

FILENAME.FMT.

IMREAD returns the image data in the array A.  If the file contains a

grayscale image, A is a two-dimensional (M-by-N) array.  If the file

contains a color image, A is a three-dimensional (M-by-N-by-3)

array.  The class of the returned array depends on the data type used

by the file format.

For most file formats, the color image data returned uses the RGB

color space.  For TIFF files, however, IMREAD can return color data

that uses the RGB, CIELAB, ICCLAB, or CMYK color spaces.  If the

color image uses the CMYK color space, A is an M-by-N-by-4 array.

See the reference page for more information about reading TIFF files

that use these color spaces.

[X,MAP] = IMREAD(FILENAME,FMT) reads the indexed image in FILENAME

into X and its associated colormap into MAP. Colormap values in the

image file are automatically rescaled into the range [0,1].

[...] = IMREAD(FILENAME) attempts to infer the format of the file

from its content.

[...] = IMREAD(URL,...) reads the image from an Internet URL.  The

URL must include the protocol type (e.g., "http://").

Data types

----------

In most of the image file formats supported by IMREAD, pixels are

stored using 8 or fewer bits per color plane.  If the file contains

only 1 bit per pixel, the class of the output (A or X) is logical.

When reading other files with 8 or fewer bits per color plane, the

class of the output is uint8.  IMREAD also supports reading

16-bit-per-pixel data from BMP, PNG, JPEG, and TIFF files, as well as

12-bit JPEG files. For 12-bit JPEG and 16-bit JPEG, PNG, and TIFF

image files, the class of the output (A or X) is uint16 and for

16-bit BMP image files, the class of the output is uint8.

TIFF-specific syntaxes

----------------------

[...] = IMREAD(...,IDX) reads in one image from a multi-image TIFF

file.  IDX is an integer value that specifies the order that the

image appears in the file. For example, if IDX is 3, IMREAD reads the

third image in the file.  If you omit this argument, IMREAD reads the

first image in the file.

PNG-specific syntaxes

---------------------

[...] = IMREAD(...,'BackgroundColor',BG) composites any transparent

pixels in the input image against the color specified in BG.  If BG

is 'none', then no compositing is performed. Otherwise, if the input

image is indexed, BG should be an integer in the range [1,P] where P

is the colormap length. If the input image is grayscale, BG should be

an integer in the range [0,1].  If the input image is RGB, BG should

be a three-element vector whose values are in the range [0,1]. The

string 'BackgroundColor' may be abbreviated.

If the ALPHA output argument is used (see below), then BG defaults to

'none' if not specified by the user. Otherwise, if the PNG file

contains a background color chunk, that color is used as the default

value for BG. If ALPHA is not used and the file does not contain a

background color chunk, then the default value for BG is 1 for

indexed images; 0 for grayscale images; and [0 0 0] for RGB images.

[A,MAP,ALPHA] = IMREAD(...) returns the alpha channel if one is

present; otherwise ALPHA is [].  Note that MAP may be empty if the

file contains a grayscale or truecolor image.

HDF-specific syntaxes

---------------------

[...] = IMREAD(...,REF) reads in one image from a multi-image HDF

file.  REF is an integer value that specifies the reference number

used to identify the image. For example, if REF is 12, IMREAD reads

the image whose reference number is 12.  (Note that in an HDF file

the reference numbers do not necessarily correspond with the order of

the images in the file.  You can use IMFINFO to match up image order

with reference number.)  If you omit this argument, IMREAD reads the

first image in the file.

ICO- and CUR-specific syntaxes

------------------------------

[...] = IMREAD(...,IDX) reads in one image from a multi-image icon or

cursor file.  IDX is an integer value that specifies the order that

the image appears in the file. For example, if IDX is 3, IMREAD reads

the third image in the file.  If you omit this argument, IMREAD reads

the first image in the file.

[A,MAP,ALPHA] = IMREAD(...) returns the AND mask for the resource, which

can be used to determine the transparency information.  For cursor

files, this mask may contain the only useful data.

GIF-specific syntaxes

---------------------

[...] = IMREAD(...,IDX) reads in one or more frames from a multiframe

(i.e., animated) GIF file.  IDX must be an integer scalar or vector of

integer values.  For example, if IDX is 3, IMREAD reads the third image

in the file.  If IDX is 1:5, only the first five frames will be

returned.

[...] = IMREAD(...,'Frames',IDX) is the same as the syntax above except

that IDX can be 'all'.  In this case, all of the frames are read and

returned in the order that they appear in the file.

Note: Because of the way that GIF files are structured, all of the

frames must be read when a particular frame is requested.  Consequently,

it is much faster to specify a vector of frames or 'all' for IDX than to

call IMREAD in a loop when reading multiple frames from the same GIF

file.

Supported file types

--------------------

JPEG  Any baseline JPEG image; JPEG images with some

commonly used extensions; 8-bit and 12-bit lossy

compressed RGB and grayscale images; 8-bit and 12-bit

lossless compressed RGB images; 8-bit, 12-bit, and

16-bit lossless compressed grayscale images

TIFF  Any baseline TIFF image, including 1-bit, 8-bit, and

24-bit uncompressed images; 1-bit, 8-bit, and 24-bit

images with packbits compression; 1-bit images with

CCITT compression; also, 16-bit grayscale, 16-bit

indexed, and 48-bit RGB images

GIF   Any 1-bit to 8-bit GIF image

BMP   1-bit, 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit uncompressed

images; 4-bit and 8-bit run-length encoded (RLE) images

PNG   Any PNG image, including 1-bit, 2-bit, 4-bit, 8-bit,

and 16-bit grayscale images; 8-bit and 16-bit

indexed images; 24-bit and 48-bit RGB images

HDF   8-bit raster image datasets, with or without an

associated colormap; 24-bit raster image datasets

PCX   1-bit, 8-bit, and 24-bit images

XWD   1-bit and 8-bit ZPixmaps; XYBitmaps; 1-bit XYPixmaps

ICO   1-bit, 4-bit, and 8-bit uncompressed images

CUR   1-bit, 4-bit, and 8-bit uncompressed images

RAS   Any RAS image, including 1-bit bitmap, 8-bit indexed,

24-bit truecolor and 32-bit truecolor with alpha.

PBM   Any 1-bit PBM image.  Raw (binary) or ASCII (plain) encoded.

PGM   Any standard PGM image.  ASCII (plain) encoded with

arbitrary color depth.  Raw (binary) encoded with up

to 16 bits per gray value.

PPM   Any standard PPM image.  ASCII (plain) encoded with

arbitrary color depth. Raw (binary) encoded with up

to 16 bits per color component.

See also IMFINFO, IMWRITE, IMFORMATS, FREAD, IMAGE, DOUBLE, UINT8.