2012-11-14 C#接口学习

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    打算花段时间学习C#，现将每天的学习成功写成博客，以激励自己的学习。

    今天学习的是C#的接口相关知识。

    接口的命名规则：

    .NET文档建议接口名一大写字母"I"开头。

    类继承和接口的相同点与不同点：

    不同点：一个类只能继承一个基类，但是可以实现多个接口；

    相同点：基类可以引用继承类的实例，接口同样也可以引用一个类，比如：

    

Horse horse = new Horse();
//假设Horse类实现了接口ILandBound
ILandBound myHorse = horse;//合法

     接口的实现分为隐式实现和显示实现，隐式实现需要在实现的方法名前用"public"修饰符，显示实现不需要任何修饰符，但是需要在方法显示前面指定接口的名字，显示实现可以让不同的接口拥有相同的方法而不冲突。

    下面是一个使用接口的例子，例子中有两个接口IDraw,IColor，分别用来画图和给图形设置颜色；还有两个类Square(正方形), Circle(圆)，这两个类都实现了IDraw, IColor两个接口，通过响应鼠标的左右键来绘制不同颜色的不同图案。

    代码：

    IDraw.cs:

    

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace Drawing
{
    interface IDraw
    {
        void SetLocation(int x, int y);
        void Draw(Canvas canvas);
    }
} 

IColor.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace Drawing
{
    interface IColor
    {
        void SetColor(Color color);
    }
} 

Square.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace Drawing
{
    class Square : IDraw, IColor
    {
        private int sideLength;
        private int locX = 0, locY = 0;
        private Rectangle rect = null;

        public Square(int sideLength) 
        {
            this.sideLength = sideLength;
        }

        void IDraw.SetLocation(int x, int y)
        {
            this.locX = x;
            this.locY = y;
        }

        void IDraw.Draw(Canvas canvas)
        {
            if (this.rect != null)
            {
                //移除之前的形状
                canvas.Children.Remove(this.rect);
            }
            else
            {
                this.rect = new Rectangle();
            }
            //设置正放形各项参数
            this.rect.Height = this.sideLength;
            this.rect.Width = this.sideLength;
            Canvas.SetTop(this.rect, this.locY);
            Canvas.SetLeft(this.rect, this.locX);
            canvas.Children.Add(rect);
        }

        void IColor.SetColor(Color color)
        {
            if (this.rect != null)
            {
                SolidColorBrush brush = new SolidColorBrush(color);
                this.rect.Fill = brush;
            }
        }
    }
} 

Circle.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace Drawing
{
    class Circle : IDraw, IColor
    {
        private int radius;
        private int locX = 0, locY = 0;
        private Ellipse circle = null;

        public Circle(int radius) 
        {
            this.radius = radius;
        }

        void IDraw.SetLocation(int x, int y)
        {
            this.locX = x;
            this.locY = y;
        }

        void IDraw.Draw(Canvas canvas)
        {
            if (this.circle != null)
            {
                canvas.Children.Remove(circle);
            }
            else
            {
                this.circle = new Ellipse();
            }

            this.circle.Height = this.radius;
            this.circle.Width = this.radius;
            Canvas.SetTop(this.circle, this.locY);
            Canvas.SetLeft(this.circle, this.locX);
            canvas.Children.Add(circle);
        }

        void IColor.SetColor(Color color)
        {
            if (circle != null)
            {
                SolidColorBrush brush = new SolidColorBrush(color);
                circle.Fill = brush;
            }
        }
    }
} 

响应鼠标进行绘图的代码：

private void drawingCanvas_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
        {
            //获取鼠标所在的位置
            Point mouseLocation = e.GetPosition(this.drawingCanvas);
            //设置正放形大小
            Square square = new Square(100);

            if (square is IDraw)
            {
                IDraw drawSquare = square;
                //设置正放形绘图位置
                drawSquare.SetLocation((int)mouseLocation.X, (int)mouseLocation.Y);
                //把设置好的正方形画出来
                drawSquare.Draw(drawingCanvas);
            }

            if (square is IColor)
            {
                IColor squareColr = square;
                //设置填充颜色
                squareColr.SetColor(Colors.BlueViolet);
            }
        }

        private void drawingCanvas_MouseRightButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
        {
            Point mouseLocation = e.GetPosition(this.drawingCanvas);
            Circle circle = new Circle(100);

            if (circle is IDraw)
            {
                IDraw drawCircle = circle;
                drawCircle.SetLocation((int)mouseLocation.X, (int)mouseLocation.Y);
                drawCircle.Draw(drawingCanvas);
            }

            if (circle is IColor)
            {
                IColor circleColr = circle;
                circleColr.SetColor(Colors.HotPink);
            }
        }

效果图：

图书参考：《Visual C# 2010 从入门到精通》

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/fanxiao/blog/89351