Nginx并不提供支持对外部程序的直接调用或者解析,所有的外部程序(perl,python)必须通过fastcgi接口来调用。这里使用perl-fcgi来使用nginx支持cgi。
一、安装之前先安装perl-cgi直接perl库
安装 perl 库
cd/usr/local/src
wgethttp://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/FCGI/FCGI-0.67.tar.gz
tar -zxvfFCGI-0.67.tar.gz
cd FCGI-0.67
perl Makefile.PL
make &&make install
 
cd/usr/local/src
wgethttp://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GB/GBJK/FCGI-ProcManager-0.18.tar.gz
tar -zxvfFCGI-ProcManager-0.18.tar.gz
cdFCGI-ProcManager-0.18
perl Makefile.PL
make &&make install
 
cd /usr/local/src
wgethttp://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/I/IN/INGY/IO-All-0.39.tar.gz
tar –zxvf  IO-All-0.39.tar.gz
cd IO-All-0.39
perl Makefile.PL
make &&make install

二、perl-cgi.pl脚本
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use FCGI;
use Socket;
use FCGI::ProcManager;
sub shutdown { FCGI::CloseSocket($socket); exit; }
sub restart { FCGI::CloseSocket($socket); &main; }
use sigtrap 'handler', \&shutdown, 'normal-signals';
use sigtrap 'handler', \&restart, 'HUP';
require 'syscall.ph';
use POSIX qw(setsid);
END() { }
BEGIN() { }
{
no warnings;
*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { die "fakeexit\nrc=" . shift() . "\n"; };
};
eval q{exit};
if ($@) {
exit unless $@ =~ /^fakeexit/;
}
&main;
sub daemonize() {
chdir '/' or die "Can't chdir to /: $!";
defined( my $pid = fork ) or die "Can't fork: $!";
exit if $pid;
setsid() or die "Can't start a new session: $!";
umask 0;
}
sub main {
$proc_manager = FCGI::ProcManager->new( {n_processes =>2} );
#$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 50 );
$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "/tmp/fastcgi.sock", 50 );
$request =FCGI::Request( \*STDIN, \*STDOUT, \*STDERR,\%req_params, $socket,&FCGI::FAIL_ACCEPT_ON_INTR );
$proc_manager->pm_manage();
if ($request) { request_loop() }
FCGI::CloseSocket($socket);
}
sub request_loop {
while ( $request->Accept() >= 0 ) {
$proc_manager->pm_pre_dispatch();
$stdin_passthrough = '';
{ no warnings; $req_len = 0 +
$req_params{'CONTENT_LENGTH'}; };
if ( ( $req_params{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST' ) && ( $req_len != 0 ) )
{
my $bytes_read = 0;
while ( $bytes_read < $req_len ) {
my $data = '';
my $bytes = read( STDIN, $data, ( $req_len - $bytes_read ) );
last if ( $bytes == 0 || !defined($bytes) );
$stdin_passthrough .= $data;
$bytes_read += $bytes;
}
}
if (
( -x $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} ) &&
( -s $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} ) &&
( -r $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} )
)
{
pipe( CHILD_RD, PARENT_WR );
pipe( PARENT_ERR, CHILD_ERR );
my $pid = open( CHILD_O, "-|" );
unless ( defined($pid) ) {
print ("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
print "Error: CGI app returned no output - Executing$req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} failed !\n";
next;
}
$oldfh = select(PARENT_ERR);
$| = 1;
select(CHILD_O);
$| = 1;
select($oldfh);
if ( $pid > 0 ) {
close(CHILD_RD);
close(CHILD_ERR);
print PARENT_WR $stdin_passthrough;
close(PARENT_WR);
$rin = $rout = $ein = $eout = '';
vec( $rin, fileno(CHILD_O), 1 ) = 1;
vec( $rin, fileno(PARENT_ERR), 1 ) = 1;
$ein = $rin;
$nfound = 0;
while ( $nfound = select( $rout = $rin, undef, $ein = $eout,10 ) )
{
die "$!" unless $nfound != -1;
$r1 = vec( $rout, fileno(PARENT_ERR), 1 ) == 1;
$r2 = vec( $rout, fileno(CHILD_O), 1 ) == 1;
$e1 = vec( $eout, fileno(PARENT_ERR), 1 ) == 1;
$e2 = vec( $eout, fileno(CHILD_O), 1 ) == 1;
if ($r1) {
while ( $bytes = read( PARENT_ERR, $errbytes, 4096 ) ) {
print STDERR $errbytes;
}
if ($!) {
$err = $!;
die $!;
vec( $rin, fileno(PARENT_ERR), 1 ) = 0 unless ( $err == EINTR or $err == EAGAIN );
}
}
if ($r2) {
while ( $bytes = read( CHILD_O, $s, 4096 ) ) {
print $s;
}
if ( !defined($bytes) ) {
$err = $!;
die $!;
vec( $rin, fileno(CHILD_O), 1 ) = 0 unless ( $err == EINTR or $err == EAGAIN );
}
}
last if ( $e1 || $e2 );
}
close CHILD_RD;
close PARENT_ERR;
waitpid( $pid, 0 );
} else {
foreach $key ( keys %req_params ) {
$ENV{$key} = $req_params{$key};
}
if ( $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} =~/^(.*)\/[^\/]+$/ ) { chdir $1; }
close(PARENT_WR);
close(STDIN);
close(STDERR);
syscall( &SYS_dup2, fileno(CHILD_RD), 0 );
syscall( &SYS_dup2, fileno(CHILD_ERR), 2 );
exec( $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} );
die("exec failed");
}
} else {
print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
print "Error: No such CGI app - $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} may not exist or is not executable by this process.\n";
}
}
}
 
三、启动cgi
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/perl-fcgi.pl 
运行没报错的话，使用ps aux | grep cgi应该可以看到进程了，并且会在/tmp目录下会生成fastcgi.sock文件
上面的方式启动后perl-fcgi是以执行它的用户身份运行的，对于web程序来说这是很不利的。老外用perl写了一个脚本Noah Friedman可以用指定的用户来运行某个程序，源程序在 这里，这里也贴出来方便查阅
cat > /sbin/runas <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
exec ${PERL-perl} -Swx $0 ${1+"$@"}
#!perl  [perl will skip all lines in this file before this line]
 
# with --- run program with special properties
 
# Copyright (C) 1995, 2000, 2002 Noah S. Friedman
 
# Author: Noah Friedman <friedman@splode.com>
# Created: 1995-08-14
 
# $Id: with,v 1.12 2004/02/16 22:51:49 friedman Exp $
 
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, you can either send email to this
# program's maintainer or write to: The Free Software Foundation,
# Inc.; 59 Temple Place, Suite 330; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 
# Commentary:
 
# TODO: create optional socket streams for stdin or stdout before invoking
# subprocess.
 
# Code:
 
use Getopt::Long;
use POSIX qw(setsid);
use Symbol;
use strict;
 
(my $progname = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
my $bgfn;
my $bgopt = 0;
 
my $opt_cwd;
my $opt_egid;
my $opt_euid;
my $opt_gid;
my $opt_groups;
my @opt_include;
my $opt_name;
my $opt_pgrp;
my $opt_priority;
my $opt_root;
my $opt_uid;
my $opt_umask;
my $opt_foreground = 0;
 
sub err
{
  my $fh = (ref ($_[0]) ? shift : *STDERR{IO});
  print $fh join (": ", $progname, @_), "\n";
  exit (1);
}
 
sub get_includes
{
  unshift @INC, @_;
  push (@INC,
        "$ENV{HOME}/lib/perl",
        "$ENV{HOME}/lib/perl/include");
 
  eval { require "syscall.ph" } if defined $opt_groups;
}
 
sub numberp
{
  defined $_[0] && $_[0] =~ m/^-?\d+$/o;
}
 
sub group2gid
{
  my $g = shift;
  return $g if numberp ($g);
  my $gid = getgrnam ($g);
  return $gid if defined $gid && numberp ($gid);
  err ($g, "no such group");
}
 
sub user2uid
{
  my $u = shift;
  return $u if numberp ($u);
  my $uid = getpwnam ($u);
  return $uid if defined $uid && numberp ($uid);
  err ($u, "no such user");
}
 
sub set_cwd
{
  my $d = shift;
  chdir ($d) || err ("chdir", $d, $!);
}
 
sub set_egid
{
  my $sgid = group2gid (shift);
  my $egid = $) + 0;
 
  $) = $sgid;
  err ($sgid, "cannot set egid", $!) if ($) == $egid && $egid != $sgid);
}
 
sub set_gid
{
  my $sgid = group2gid (shift);
  my $rgid = $( + 0;
  my $egid = $) + 0;
 
  $( = $sgid;
  $) = $sgid;
  err ($sgid, "cannot set rgid", $!) if ($( == $rgid && $rgid != $sgid);
  err ($sgid, "cannot set egid", $!) if ($) == $egid && $egid != $sgid);
}
 
sub big_endian_p
{
  my $x = 1;
  my @y = unpack ("c2", pack ("i", $x));
  return ($y[0] == 1) ? 0 : 1;
}
 
# This function is more complex than it ought to be because perl does not
# export the setgroups function.  It exports the getgroups function by
# making $( and $) return multiple values in the form of a space-separated
# string, but you cannot *set* the group list by assigning those variables.
# There is no portable way to determine what size gid_t is, so we must guess.
sub set_groups
{
  my @glist = sort { $a <=> $b } map { group2gid ($_) } split (/[ ,]/, shift);
 
  my $expected = join (" ", $(+0, reverse @glist);
  my @p = (big_endian_p() ? ("n", "N", "i") : ("v", "V", "i"));
 
  for my $c (@p)
    {
      err ("setgroups", $!)
        if (syscall (&SYS_setgroups, @glist+0, pack ("$c*", @glist)) == -1);
      return if ("$(" eq $expected);
    }
  err ("setgroups", "Could not determine gid_t");
}
 
sub set_pgrp
{
  setpgrp ($$, shift) || err ("setpgrp", $!);
}
 
sub set_priority
{
  my $prio = shift () + 0;
  setpriority (0, 0, $prio) || err ("setpriority", $prio, $!);
}
 
sub set_root
{
  my $d = shift;
  chroot ($d) || err ("chroot", $d, $!);
  chdir ("/");
}
 
sub set_euid
{
  my $suid = user2uid (shift);
  my $euid = $>;
 
  $> = $suid;
  err ($suid, "cannot set euid", $!) if ($> == $euid && $euid != $suid);
}
 
sub set_uid
{
  my $suid = user2uid (shift);
  my $ruid = $<;
  my $euid = $>;
 
  $< = $suid;
  $> = $suid;
  err ($suid, "cannot set ruid", $!) if ($< == $ruid && $ruid != $suid);
  err ($suid, "cannot set euid", $!) if ($> == $euid && $euid != $suid);
}
 
sub background
{
  my $pid = fork;
  die "$@" if $pid < 0;
  if ($pid == 0)
    {
      # Backgrounded programs may expect to be able to read input from the
      # user if stdin is a tty, but we will no longer have any job control
      # management because of the double fork and exit.  This can result in
      # a program either blocking on input (if still associated with a
      # controlling terminal) and stopping, or stealing input from a
      # foreground process (e.g. a shell).  So redirect stdin to /dev/null.
      open (STDIN, "< /dev/null") if (-t STDIN);
      return *STDERR{IO};
    }
 
  exit (0) unless $opt_foreground;
  wait;
  exit ($?);
}
 
sub dosetsid
{
  background ();
  setsid (); # dissociate from controlling terminal
  return *STDERR{IO};
}
 
sub daemon
{
  # Don't allow any file descriptors, including stdin, stdout, or
  # stderr to be propagated to children.
  $^F = -1;
  dosetsid ();
  # Duped in case we've closed stderr but can't exec anything.
  my $saved_stderr = gensym;
  open ($saved_stderr, ">&STDERR");
  close (STDERR);
  close (STDOUT);
  close (STDIN);
  return $saved_stderr;
}
 
sub notty
{
  # Don't allow any file descriptors other than stdin, stdout, or stderr to
  # be propagated to children.
  $^F = 2;
  dosetsid ();
  # Duped in case we've closed stderr but can't exec anything.
  my $saved_stderr = gensym;
  open ($saved_stderr, ">&STDERR");
  open (STDIN,  "+</dev/null");
  open (STDERR, "+<&STDIN");
  open (STDOUT, "+<&STDIN");
  return $saved_stderr;
}
 
sub set_bg_option
{
  my %bgfntbl =
    ( 1 => \&background,
      2 => \&daemon,
      4 => \&notty,
      8 => \&dosetsid,
    );
 
  $bgopt = $_[0];
  $bgfn  = $bgfntbl{$bgopt};
}
 
sub parse_options
{
  Getopt::Long::config (qw(bundling autoabbrev require_order));
  my $succ = GetOptions
    ("h|help",          sub { usage () },
     "c|cwd=s",         \$opt_cwd,
     "d|display=s",     \$ENV{DISPLAY},
     "H|home=s",        \$ENV{HOME},
     "G|egid=s",        \$opt_egid,
     "g|gid=s",         \$opt_gid,
     "I|include=s@",    \@opt_include,
     "l|groups=s",      \$opt_groups,
     "m|umask=s",       \$opt_umask,
     "n|name=s",        \$opt_name,
     "P|priority=i",    \$opt_priority,
     "p|pgrp=i",        \$opt_pgrp,
     "r|root=s",        \$opt_root,
     "U|euid=s",        \$opt_euid,
     "u|uid=s",         \$opt_uid,
 
     "f|fg|foreground", \$opt_foreground,
 
     "b|bg|background", sub { set_bg_option (1); $opt_foreground = 0 },
     "a|daemon|demon",  sub { set_bg_option (2) },
     "N|no-tty|notty",  sub { set_bg_option (4) },
     "s|setsid",        sub { set_bg_option (8) },
    );
  usage () unless $succ;
 
  my $n = 0;
  do { $n++ if $bgopt & 1 } while ($bgopt >>= 1);
  err ("Can only specify one of --background, --daemon, --notty, or --setsid")
    if ($n > 1);
}
 
sub usage
{
  print STDERR "$progname: @_\n\n" if @_;
  print STDERR "Usage: $progname {options} [command {args...}]\n
Options are:
-h, --help            You're looking at it.
-D, --debug           Turn on interactive debugging in perl.
-I, --include   DIR   Include DIR in \@INC path for perl.
                      This option may be specified multiple times to append
                      search paths to perl.
 
-d, --display   DISP  Run with DISP as the X server display.
-H, --home      HOME  Set \$HOME.
-n, --name      ARGV0 Set name of running program (argv[0]).
 
-c, --cwd       DIR   Run with DIR as the current working directory.
                      This directory is relative to the root directory as
                      specified by \`--root', or \`/'.
-r, --root      ROOT  Set root directory (via \`chroot' syscall) to ROOT.
 
-G, --egid      EGID  Set \`effective' group ID.
-g, --gid       GID   Set both \`real' and \`effective' group ID.
-l, --groups    GLIST Set group list to comma-separated GLIST.
-U, --euid      EUID  Set \`effective' user ID.
-u, --uid       UID   Set both \`real' and \`effective' user ID.
 
-m, --umask     UMASK Set umask.
-P, --priority  NICE  Set scheduling priority to NICE (-20 to 20).
-p, --pgrp      PGRP  Set process group.
 
The following options cause the resulting process to be backgrounded
automatically but differ in various ways:
 
-b, --background      Run process in background.  This is the default with
                      the --daemon, --no-tty, and --setsid options.
 
-f, --foreground      Do not put process into the background when using
                      the --daemon, --no-tty, and --setsid options.
                      In all other cases the default is to remain in the
                      foreground.
 
-a, --daemon          Run process in \"daemon\" mode.
                      This closes stdin, stdout, and stderr, dissociates
                      the process from any controlling terminal, and
                      backgrounds the process.
 
-N, --no-tty          Run process in background with no controlling
                      terminal and with stdin, stdout, and stderr
                      redirected to /dev/null.
 
-s, --setsid          Dissociate from controlling terminal.
                      This automatically backgrounds the process but
                      does not redirect any file descriptors.\n";
  exit (1);
}
 
sub main
{
  parse_options ();
  usage () unless @ARGV;
 
  get_includes (@opt_include);
 
  umask        (oct ($opt_umask)) if defined $opt_umask;
  set_gid      ($opt_gid)         if defined $opt_gid;
  set_egid     ($opt_egid)        if defined $opt_egid;
  set_groups   ($opt_groups)      if defined $opt_groups;
  set_root     ($opt_root)        if defined $opt_root;
  set_cwd      ($opt_cwd)         if defined $opt_cwd;
  set_priority ($opt_priority)    if defined $opt_priority;
  set_uid      ($opt_uid)         if defined $opt_uid;
  set_euid     ($opt_euid)        if defined $opt_euid;
 
  my $stderr = $bgfn ? &$bgfn () : *STDERR{IO};
 
  my $runprog = $ARGV[0];
  if ($opt_name)
    {
      shift   @ARGV;
      unshift @ARGV, $opt_name;
    }
  local $^W = 0; # avoid implicit warnings from exec
  exec ($runprog @ARGV) || err ($stderr, "exec", $runprog, $!);
}
 
main ();
 
# local variables:
# mode: perl
# eval: (auto-fill-mode 1)
# end:
 
# with ends here
EOF

使用www用户启动fcgi
runas --daemon -g www -u www /bin/perl-fcgi

四、配置nginx
cat > /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi_perl.conf <<EOF
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
EOF

nginx.conf配置
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name localhost;
        location ~ .*/cgi-bin/.*\.(cgi|fcgi|fcg)  
        {
                     include        fcgi_perl.conf;
                     fastcgi_pass    unix:/tmp/fastcgi.sock;
                     fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/www/entry$fastcgi_script_name;
         }
}
 
要设置nginx运行用户和运行perl_fcgi.pl的用户一致，要不会出现访问/tmp/fastcgi.sock的权限问题，也可以使用chmod 666 /tmp/fastcgi.sock 来给fastcgi.sock权限
 
 
 
安装 程序 接口 Linux

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