三层结构-CSDN博客

引用：

如果不使用数据库中的 view 视图，那么在三层结构的开发环境下，如何实现两表或多表( join table )联接查询所需要的显示结果呢？

为了直观揭露实现办法的本质，于是在此弱化了一些操作步骤，如：配置文件保存连接字符串、数据访问类( DBHelper.cs )访问数据库等的具体实现。

在本示例的数据库中：学生信息表(Students)与成绩表(Score)是一对多的关系( 1:N )。

实体层（Entity）：
Student.cs

Student.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Entity
{
     public class Student
    {
         int code;
         public int Code
        {
             get { return code; }
             set { code = value; }
        }

         string name;
         public string Name
        {
             get { return name; }
             set { name = value; }
        }
    }
}

Student.cs

Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)
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-->using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

namespace Entity

{

public class Student

{

int code;

public int Code

{

get { return code; }

set { code = value; }

}

string name;

public string Name

{

get { return name; }

set { name = value; }

}

Score.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Entity
{
     public class StuScore
    {
         int stuID;
         public int StuID
        {
             get { return stuID; }
             set { stuID = value; }
        }

         float score;
         public float Score
        {
             get { return score; }
             set { score = value; }
        }
    }
}

Score.cs

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-->using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

namespace Entity

{

public class StuScore

{

int stuID;

public int StuID

{

get { return stuID; }

set { stuID = value; }

}

float score;

public float Score

{

get { return score; }

set { score = value; }

}

数据访问层（DAL）：

StudentDAL.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
// myself
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Entity;

namespace DAL
{
     public class StudentDAL
    {
         public List < Student > GetAllStudent()
        {
            List < Student > allStudent = new List < Student > ();

             string strCon = " server=.;database=S100201A;uid=sa;pwd=sa; " ;
             string sql = " select SCode,SName from Students " ;
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, new SqlConnection(strCon));
            cmd.Connection.Open();
            SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
             while (dr.Read())
            {
                Student stu = new Student();
                stu.Code = ( int )dr[ 0 ];
                stu.Name = dr[ 1 ].ToString();
                allStudent.Add(stu);
            }
             return allStudent;
        }
    }
}

StudentDAL.cs

Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)
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-->using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

//myself

using System.Data.SqlClient;

using Entity;

namespace DAL

{

public class StudentDAL

{

public List<Student> GetAllStudent()

{

List<Student> allStudent = new List<Student>();

string strCon = "server=.;database=S100201A;uid=sa;pwd=sa;";

string sql="select SCode,SName from Students";

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, new SqlConnection(strCon));

cmd.Connection.Open();

SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();

while (dr.Read())

{

Student stu = new Student();

stu.Code = (int)dr[0];

stu.Name = dr[1].ToString();

allStudent.Add(stu);

}

return allStudent;

}

ScoreDAL.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
// myself
using Entity;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace DAL
{
     public class ScoreDAL
    {
         public List < StuScore > GetAllScore( int code)
        {
            List < StuScore > StuScores = new List < StuScore > ();

            string strCon = " server=.;database=S100201A;uid=sa;pwd=sa; " ;
             string sql = " select StudentID,Score from Score where StudentID= " + code;
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, new SqlConnection(strCon));
            cmd.Connection.Open();
            SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
             while (dr.Read())
            {
                StuScore stuScore = new StuScore();
                stuScore.StuID = ( int )dr[ 0 ];
                stuScore.Score = Convert.ToSingle(dr[ 1 ]);
                StuScores.Add(stuScore);
            }
             return StuScores;
        }
    }
}

ScoreDAL.cs

Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)
http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/

-->using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

//myself

using Entity;

using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace DAL

{

public class ScoreDAL

{

public List<StuScore> GetAllScore(int code)

{

List<StuScore> StuScores = new List<StuScore>();

string strCon = "server=.;database=S100201A;uid=sa;pwd=sa;";

string sql="select StudentID,Score from Score where StudentID="+ code;

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, new SqlConnection(strCon));

cmd.Connection.Open();

SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();

while (dr.Read())

{

StuScore stuScore = new StuScore();

stuScore.StuID = (int)dr[0];

stuScore.Score = Convert.ToSingle(dr[1]);

StuScores.Add(stuScore);

}

return StuScores;

}

业务逻辑层（BLL）：

StudentAndScore.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace BLL
{
     /// <summary>
     /// 封装一个包含2张表字段的实体
     /// </summary>
     public class StudentAndScore
    {
         int code;
         public int Code
        {
             get { return code; }
             set { code = value; }
        }

         string name;
         public string Name
        {
             get { return name; }
             set { name = value; }
        }

         float ? stuScore;
         public float ? StuScore
        {
             get { return stuScore; }
             set { stuScore = value; }
        }
    }
}

StudentAndTeacherBLL.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
// myself
using DAL;
using Entity;

namespace BLL
{
     /// <summary>
     /// 获得2张表对应的数据
     /// </summary>
     public class StudentAndTeacherBLL
    {
         /// <summary>
         /// 注意：该方法获得所有学生的成绩，
         ///        属于“左外联接”(当没有成绩时，成绩显示为空)。
         ///        若要实现“内联接”的显示效果，
         ///        则去掉：if(stuScores.Count == 0) 的判断即可！
         /// </summary>
         /// <returns> 2张表数据的结果集 </returns>
         public List < StudentAndScore > GetStudentAndTeacher()
        {
             // 用来保存结果集
            List < StudentAndScore > allStudentAndScore = new List < StudentAndScore > ();
             // 获得所有学生的信息
            List < Student > students = new StudentDAL().GetAllStudent();
             foreach (Student stu in students)
            {
                 // 根据学号获得该学生的所有成绩
                List < StuScore > stuScores = new ScoreDAL().GetAllScore(stu.Code);

                 if (stuScores.Count == 0 ) // 如果没有该学生的成绩
                {
                     // 用来保存单个联接实体
                    StudentAndScore studentAndScore = new StudentAndScore();
                    studentAndScore.Code = stu.Code;
                    studentAndScore.Name = stu.Name;
                    studentAndScore.StuScore = null ; // 成绩为null
                     // 添加到结果集
                    allStudentAndScore.Add(studentAndScore);
                }
                 else // 如果有该学生的成绩
                {
                     foreach (StuScore SScore in stuScores)
                    {
                         // 用来保存单个联接实体
                        StudentAndScore studentAndScore = new StudentAndScore();
                        studentAndScore.Code = stu.Code;
                        studentAndScore.Name = stu.Name;
                        studentAndScore.StuScore = SScore.Score;
                         // 添加到结果集
                        allStudentAndScore.Add(studentAndScore);
                    }
                }
            }
             return allStudentAndScore; // 返回结果集
        }
    }
}

用户界面层（UI）：

Form1.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
// myself
using BLL;
using Entity;

namespace JoinSelect_3Layer
{
     public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
         public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

         private void Form1_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            List < StudentAndScore > stus = new StudentAndTeacherBLL().GetStudentAndTeacher();
            dataGridView1.DataSource = stus;
        }
    }
}

Form1.cs

Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)
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-->using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

//myself

using BLL;

using Entity;