Delphi的命令行编译命令

Borland出品的Delphi，有着闪电般的编译速度，但是在界面控件使用较多、工程项目较大的时候，编译一个工程仍需要一段时间，打开庞大的Delphi IDE，也需要时间。其实，在一个工程开发结束，调试完成之后的Release编译，完全可以用命令行来执行，因为Delphi的编译器参数不像C++编译器那样复杂。

笔者把Delphi联机手册中关于命令行编译(command-line compiler)的几篇主题作了翻译，希望对Delphi开发人员有帮助。

目录
1. Command-line compiler
  命令行编译器
2. Command-line compiler options
  命令行编译器选项
3. Compiler directive options
  编译器指令选项
4. Compiler mode options
  编译模式选项
5. DCC32.CFG file
  编译器配置文件DCC32.CFG
6. Debug options
  调试选项
7. Directory options
  目录选项
8. IDE command-line options
  IDE命令行选项
9. Generated files
  几个IDE自动生成的文件介绍

Command-line compiler
命令行编译器
  Delphi's command-line compiler (dcc32.EXE) lets you invoke all the functions of the IDE compiler (DELPHI32.EXE) from the DOS command line (see IDE command-line options. Run the command-line compiler from the DOS prompt using the syntax:
  Delphi’s命令行编译器(dcc32.exe)允许你从DOS命令行方式(参照：IDE命令行选项)实现IDE编译器(delphi32.exe)的所有功能。用DOS命令运行命令行编译器语法如下：
  dcc32 [options] filename [options]
  dcc32 [选项] [文件名] [选项]
  where options are zero or more parameters that provide information to the compiler and filename is the name of the source file to compile. If you type dcc32 alone, it displays a help screen of command-line options and syntax.
  零或多个参数给编译器提供信息，文件名指定需要编译的源文件名。如果你单独输入dcc32，它会显示一个关于命令行编译的选项和语法的屏幕。
  If filename does not have an extension, the command-line compiler assumes .dpr, then .pas, if no .dpr is found. If the file you're compiling to doesn't have an extension, you must append a period (.) to the end of the filename.
  如果文件名没有扩展名，命令行编译器会查找扩展名为.dpr的同名文件，如果找不到，则查找扩展名为.pas的同名文件。如果你的源文件确实没有扩展名，你需要在文件名的末尾添加(.)。
  If the source text contained in filename is a program, the compiler creates an executable file named filename.EXE. If filename contains a library, the compiler creates a file named filename.DLL. If filename contains a package, the compiler creates a file named filename.BPL. If filename contains a unit, the compiler creates a unit file named filename.dcu.
  如果指定的源文件是一个工程文件，编译器会创建一个扩展名为.EXE的同名可执行文件。如果指定的源文件是一个库文件，编译器创建一个扩展名为.DLL的同名动态链接库文件。如果指定的源文件是一个包文件，编译器会创建一个扩展名为.BPL的同名包。如果指定的源文件是一个单元文件，编译器会创建一个扩展名为.dcu的目标代码文件。
  You can specify a number of options for the command-line compiler. An option consists of a slash (/) or  immediately followed by an option letter. In some cases, the option letter is followed by additional information, such as a number, a symbol, or a directory name. Options can be given in any order and can come before or after the file name.
  你可以为命令行编译器指定多个参数。一个参数包含一个破折号“-”(或“/”)和紧跟着的一个选项字符构成。通常情况下，选项字符后面会跟一些附加的信息，如一个数字、一个符号、一个目录等。选项可以是任意顺序并且可以在源文件名前面或后面。

Command-line compiler options
命令行编译选项
  The IDE lets you set various options through the menus; the command-line compiler gives you access to these options using the slash (/) delimiter. You can also precede options with a hyphen (-) instead of a slash (/), but those options that start with a hyphen must be separated by blanks. For example, the following two command lines are equivalent and legal:
  IDE允许你使用菜单来设置各种编译选项，而命令行编译器允许你使用字符“/”作为分隔符来设定这些编译选项。你也可以使用连字符“-”来代替“/”，但是用“-”引出的参数之间必须用空格隔开。例如，下面两个命令都是等同的也是合法的：
  DCC -IC:\DELPHI -DDEBUG SORTNAME -$R- -$U+
  DCC /IC:\DELPHI/DDEBUG SORTNAME /$R-/$U+
  The first command line uses hyphens with at least one blank separating options. The second uses slashes and no separation is needed.
  第一个编译命令用“-”引出参数，且参数之间有多个空格分隔。第二个编译命令用“/”引出参数，参数之间不必要分隔。
  The following table lists the command-line options. In addition to the listed options, all single-letter compiler directives can be specified on the command line, as described in Compiler directive options.
  下列表中列出所有的命令行参数。在附加的选项列表中，所有的单字符编译器指令都可以在命令行编译中使用，详情请参照：编译器指令。
Option   Description
选项    描述
Aunit=alias 设置单元别名
B      编译所有单元
CC     编译控制台程序
CG     编译图形界面程序
Ddefines  编译条件符号定义
Epath    可执行文件输出路径
Foffset   查找运行期间错误
GD     生成完整.Map文件
GP     生成.Map文件Public段
GS     生成.Map文件Segment段
H      输出提示信息
Ipaths   文件包含路径
J      生成.Obj目标文件
JP     生成C++类型.Obj目标文件
Kaddress  Set image base address
LEpath   包.BPL文件输出路径
LNpath   .dcp文件输出路径
LUpackage  使用运行期间包列表
M      编译有改动的源文件
Npath    dcu/dpu文件输出目录
Opaths   .Obj文件(汇编目标代码文件)路径
P      按8.3格式文件名查找
Q      安静模式
Rpaths   资源文件(.RES)路径
TXext    目标文件扩展名
Upaths   单元文件路径
V      为Turbo Debugger生成调试信息文件
VN     以.Giant格式生成包含命名空间的调试信息文件(将用于C++Builder)
VR     生成调试信息文件.rsm
W      输出警告信息
Z      Disable implicit compilation
$directive Compiler directives
--Help   显示编译选项的帮助。同样的，如果你在命令行单独输入dcc32，也会显示编译选项的帮助。
--version  显示产品名称和版本

Compiler directive options
编译器指令选项
  Delphi supports the compiler directives described in Compiler directives. The $ and D command-line options allow you to change the default states of most compiler directives. Using $ and D on the command line is equivalent to inserting the corresponding compiler directive at the beginning of each source file compiled.
  Delphi支持用编译器指令关键字描述的编译器指令。使用“$”和“D”命令行选项可以改变所有的默认编译器状态。用“$”和“D”命令行选项等同于在源文件的前面添加编译器指令。
Switch directive option
  编译器指令选项开关
  The $ option lets you change the default state of all of the switch directives. The syntax of a switch directive option is $ followed by the directive letter, followed by a plus (+) or a minus (-). For example:
  “$”允许你改变每一种编译器指令默认状态。编译器指令的语法是“$”后紧跟一个指令字符，再跟一个“-”或“+”。例如：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R-
  compiles MYSTUFF.pas with range-checking turned off, while:
  不使用边界检查编译MYSTUFF.pas单元：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R+
  compiles it with range checking turned on. Note that if a {$R+} or {$R-} compiler directive appears in the source text, it overrides the -$R command-line option.
  使用界面检查编译MYSTUFF.pas单元。如果将编译器指令{$R+}或{$R-}添加到源文件的开始，它将覆盖从命令行传入的参数。
  You can repeat the -$ option in order to specify multiple compiler directives:
  你可以用多个“$”来指定多个编译器指令，如：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R--$I--$V--$U+
  Alternately, the command-line compiler lets you write a list of directives (except for $M), separated by commas:
  命令行编译器允许作用逗号分隔的编译器指定列表，如：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -$R-,I-,V-,U+
  只需要用一个“$”符号。
  Only one dollar sign ($) is needed.
  注意，因为$M的格式不一样，你不能在逗号分隔的指令列表中使用$M
  Note that, because of its format, you cannot use the $M directive in a list of directives separated by commas.
  Conditional defines option
  条件编译选项
  The -D option lets you define conditional symbols, corresponding to the {$DEFINE symbol} compiler directive. The -D option must be followed by one or more conditional symbols separated by semicolons (;). For example, the following command line:
  “-D”选项允许你定义一个编译条件，符合你用{$DEFINE symbol}定义的编译器指令。“-D”选项后必须跟随一或多个用分号分隔的编译条件符号，如下命令：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -DIOCHECK;DEBUG;LIST
  defines three conditional symbols, iocheck, debug, and list, for the compilation of MYSTUFF.pas. This is equivalent to inserting:
  定义了三个编译条件符号：IOCHECK,DEBUG,LIST,用于MYSTUFF.pas单元中。这等同于在源文件中插入以下语句：
  {$DEFINE IOCHECK}
  {$DEFINE DEBUG}
  {$DEFINE LIST}
  at the beginning of MYSTUFF.pas. If you specify multiple -D directives, you can concatenate the symbol lists. Therefore:
  如果你指定了多个“-D”选项，你可以联接它们，如下：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -DIOCHECK-DDEBUG-DLIST

  is equivalent to the first example.
  等同于第一个例子。

Compiler mode options
编译模式选项
  A few options affect how the compiler itself functions. As with the other options, you can use these with either the hyphen or the slash format. Remember to separate the options with at least one blank.
  有几个选项能影响编译器自身的功能。像其它选项一个，你可以使用“/”或“-”的格式。别忘了用至少一个空格分隔这些选项。
  Make (-M) option
  选项(-M)
  The command-line compiler has built-in MAKE logic to aid in project maintenance. The -M option instructs command-line compiler to check all units upon which the file being compiled depends. Using this option results in a much quicker compile time.
  命令行编译器使用构造逻辑的方式来维护工程。“-M”选项指示编译器检查所有与编译文件相关联的文件。用这个参数会导致编译时间增大。 
  A unit is recompiled under the following conditions:
  一个源文件在下列情况下会重新编译：
  The source file for that unit has been modified since the unit file was created.
  源文件被创建以来被修改过；
  用“$I”指令包含的任何文件，用“$L”包含的任何.Obj文件，或用“$R”关联的任何资源文件.Res,比源文件中的要新；
  Any file included with the $I directive, any .OBJ file linked in by the $L directive, or any .res file referenced by the $R directive, is newer than the unit file.
  The interface section of a unit referenced in a uses statement has changed.
  单元接口部分interface的uses段有改动。
  Units compiled with the -Z option are excluded from the make logic.
  在单元编译时指令“-Z”在构造逻辑期不被接受。
  If you were applying this option to the previous example, the command would be:
  如果你在上一个例子中使用这个指令，编译命令就应该是：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -M
  Build all (-B) option
  编译所有 选项(-B)
  Instead of relying on the -M option to determine what needs to be updated, you can tell command-line compiler to update all units upon which your program depends using the -B option. You can't use -M and -B at the same time. The -B option is slower than the -M option and is usually unnecessary.
  用于取代要知道哪些单元需要更新-M的选项，你可以使用-B选项来更新所有你的程序中关联的单元。你不能在程序中同时使用-M和-B。选项-B比-M速度更慢，而且它并不是必需的。
  If you were using this option in the previous example, the command would be
  如果你在前一个例子中使用这个参数，编译命令就应该是：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -B
  Find error (-F) option
  查找错误 选项(-F)
  When a program terminates due to a runtime error, it displays an error code and the address at which the error occurred. By specifying that address in a -Faddress option, you can locate the statement in the source text that caused the error, provided your program and units were compiled with debug information enabled (via the $D compiler directive).
  当一个程序由于运行期间错误而终止时，它会显示一个错误号和错误地址在错误发生时。用-Faddress选项来指定错误地址，你在源文件中能找到引发错误的位置，如果你的程序和单元编译时附加了调试信息(使用$D编译器指令)。
  In order for the command-line compiler to find the runtime error with -F, you must compile the program with all the same command-line parameters you used the first time you compiled it.
  为了命令行编译器能用-F选项查找运行期间错误，你必须传递与第一次编译时相同的指令列表。
  As mentioned previously, you must compile your program and units with debug information enabled for the command-line compiler to be able to find runtime errors. By default, all programs and units are compiled with debug information enabled, but if you turn it off, using a {$D-} compiler directive or a -$D- option, the command-line compiler will not be able to locate runtime errors.
  先前提到过，你的程序和单元必须启用调试信息，命令行编译器才能查找运行期间错误。默认情况下，所有的程序和单都是启用调试信息的，除非你用{-D}或-$D-指令关闭它，这样，命令行编译器就不能查找运行期间错误了。
Use packages (-LU) option
  使用包(-LU)选项
  Use the -LU option to list additional runtime packages that you want to use in the application being compiled. Runtime packages already listed in the Project Options dialog box need not be repeated on the command line.
  使用-LU选项来在编译时添加你应用程序中要用到的运行期间包。运行期间包已经在“工程选项”对话框中列举的，不必再在命令行中添加。
  Disable implicit compilation (-Z) option
  (此选项在delphi6.0/7.0中有不同描述，在此不作翻译)
  The -Z option prevents packages and units from being implicitly recompiled later. With packages, it is equivalent to placing {$ IMPLICITBUILD OFF} in the .dpk file. Use -Z when compiling packages that provide low-level functionality, that change infrequently between builds, or whose source code will not be distributed.
  Target file extension (-TX) option
  目标文件扩展名(-TX)选项
  The -TX option lets you override the default extension for the output file. For example,
  选项-TX允许你改写默认的输出文件扩展名。例如：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -TXSYS 
  generates compiled output in a file called MYSTUFF.SYS.
  生成的将是一个叫做MYSTUFF.SYS的文件。
  Quiet (-Q) option
  安静模式(-Q)选项
  The quiet mode option suppresses the printing of file names and line numbers during compilation. When the command-line compiler is invoked with the quiet mode option
  安静模式选项禁止在编译时显示文件名及代码行数，如果命令行编译器调用这个选项的话。
  dcc32 MYSTUFF -Q  its output is limited to the startup copyright message and the usual statistics at the end of compilation. If any errors occur, they will be reported.

  它的输出仅限于起始时行版权信息以及结尾的统计信息。当然，如果发生错误，它也会输出。

DCC32.CFG file
DCC32.CFG配置文件
  You can set up a list of options in a configuration file called DCC32.CFG, which will then be used in addition to the options entered on the command line. Each line in configuration file corresponds to an extra command-line argument inserted before the actual command-line arguments. Thus, by creating a configuration file, you can change the default setting of any command-line option.
  你可以设置一个编译选项列表到一个叫做DCC32.CFG的配置文件中，它将用于编译时附加到命令行参数后。配置文件的每一行都相当于一个额外的命令行参数插入到实际的命令行参数前(注意，是实际参数前)。因而，你可以使用这个配置文件改变一些命令行参数的默认设置。
  The command-line compiler lets you enter the same command-line option several times, ignoring all but the last occurrence. This way, even though you've changed some settings with a configuration file, you can still override them on the command line.
  命令行编译器允许你输入相同的命令行参数，它将忽略所有除最后一个之外。这个的话，尽管通过配置文件你可以改变一些设置，你仍然可以覆盖它使用命令行参数。
  When dcc32 starts, it looks for DCC32.CFG in the current directory. If the file isn't found there, dcc32 looks in the directory where DCC32.EXE resides.
  当dcc32启动时，它查找DCC32.CFG文件在当前目录。如果文件没有找到，dcc32会查找它所在的目录。
  Here's an example DCC32.CFG file, defining some default directories for include, object, and unit files, and changing the default states of the $O and $R compiler directives:
  以下是一个DCC32.CFG配置文件的例子，定义了关于文件包含、OBJ文件包含、单元文件搜索路径信息，并改变了编译器指令$O和$R的默认值。
  -IC:\DELPHI\INC;C:\DELPHI\SRC
  -OC:\DELPHI\ASM
  -UC:\DELPHI\UNITS
  -$R+
  -$O-
  Now, if you type:
  现在，如果你输入：
  dcc32 MYSTUFF 
  the compiler performs as if you had typed the following:
  编译器把它当作你输入如下命令：
  dcc32 -IC:\DELPHI\INC;C:\DELPHI\SRC -OC:\DELPHI\ASM -UC:\DELPHI\UNITS -$R+ -$O- MYSTUFF

Debug options
调试选项
  The compiler has two sets of command-line options that enable you to generate external debugging information: the map file options and the debug info options.
  编译器有两个命令行参数可以生成外部调试信息:MAP文件选项和调试信息选项。
  Map file (-G) options
  Map文件(-G)选项
  The -G option instructs the command-line compiler to generate a .map file that shows the layout of the executable file. Unlike the binary format of executable and .dcu files, a .map file is a legible text file that can be output on a printer or loaded into the editor. The -G option must be followed by the letter S, P, or D to indicate the desired level of information in the .map file. A .MAP file is divided into three sections:
  选项-G指示命令行编译器生成一个.map文件来查看一个可执行文件的布局。不同于可二进制的可执行文件和.dcu文件，.map文件是一个可读的文本文件，可以被打印或是其它文本编辑器编辑。选项-G后必须跟字符S、P或D，去决定你想要在.map文件列出的信息。一个.MAP文件被分成三个节：
  Segment
  Publics
  Line Numbers
  -GS outputs only the Segment section, -GP outputs the Segment and Publics section, and -GD outputs all three sections. -GD also generates a .DRC file that contains tables of all string constants declared using the resourcestring keyword.
  -GS选项只输出Segment Section,-GS选项输出Segment和Publics,-GD输出所有的三个Sections.-GD选项也生成一个扩展名为.DRC的文件包含所有的用resourcestring关键字声明的字符串常量。
  For modules (program and units) compiled in the {$D+,L+} state (the default), the Publics section shows all global variables, procedures, and functions, and the Line Numbers section shows line numbers for all procedures and functions in the module. In the {$D+,L-} state, only symbols defined in a unit's interface part are listed in the Publics section. For modules compiled in the {$D-} state, there are no entries in the Line Numbers section.
  用默认的编译选项{$D+,L+}编译模块(程序或单元)，Publics Section列举所有的全局变量、过程和函数，Line Numbers Section列举模块中所有的过程和函数的行号。如果用{$D+,L-}编译选项编译模块，Publics Section中仅列举在单元的interface部分定义的符号。如果用{$D-}选项编译模块，在Line Numbers Section没有任何入口。
  Debug info (-V) options
  调度选项(-V)
  The -V options (-V, -VN. and -VR), which cause the compiler to generate debug information, can be combined on the command line.
  选项-V、-VN、-VR会指示编译器生成调试信息，它们能在命令行中组合使用。
  Generate Turbo Debugger debug info (-V) option
  生成Turbo Debugger使用的调试信息的选项(-V)
  When you specify the -V option on the command line, the compiler appends Turbo Debugger 5.0-compatible external debug information at the end of the executable file. Turbo Debugger includes both source- and machine-level debugging and powerful breakpoints.
  当你在命令行中使用-V选项时，编译器会在可执行文件的末尾附加与Turbo Debugger5.0一致的外部调试信息。Turbo Debugger包含代码和硬件级别的强大的断点。 
  Even though the debug information generated by -V makes the resulting executable file larger, it does not affect the actual code in the executable, and does not require additional memory to run the program.
  虽然附加调试信息到查执行文件中会使可执行文件增大，但是它并不影响实际可执行文件中的可执行代码，也不需要额外的内存来启动程序。
  The extent of debug information appended to the executable file depends on the setting of the $D and $L compiler directives in each of the modules (program and units) that make up the application. For modules compiled in the {$D+,L+} state, which is the default, all constant, variable, type, procedure, and function symbols are known to the debugger. In the {$D+,L-} state, only symbols defined in a unit's interface section are known to the debugger. In the {$D-} state, no line-number records are generated, so the debugger cannot display source lines whe