有用的Oracle语句

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

oracle10g官方文档 http://www.oracle.com/pls/db102/homepage

1.监控事例的等待：

    select event,sum(decode(wait_time,0,0,1)) prev, sum(decode(wait_time,0,1,0)) curr,count(*)

    from v$session_wait 

    group by event order by 4;

2.回滚段的争用情况：

    select name,waits,gets,waits/gets ratio from v$rollstat a,v$rollname b where a.usn=b.usn;

3.监控表空间的I/O比例：

    select df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrds pyr,f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw,

    f.phyblkwrt pbw 

    from v$filestat f,dba_data_files df

    where f.file#=df.file_id

4.监控文件系统的I/O比例：

    select substr(a.file#,1,2) "#",substr(a.name,1,30) "name",a.status,a.bytes,

    b.phyrds,b.phywrts

    from v$datafile a,v$filestat b

    where a.file#=b.file#

5.在某个用户下找所有的索引：

    select user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness, column_name

    from user_ind_columns, user_indexes

    where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_name

    and user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name 

    order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name,

    user_indexes.index_name, column_position;

6. 监控 SGA 的命中率

    select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",

    round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO" 

    from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c

    where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39 

    and c.statistic# = 40; 

7. 监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率

    select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio",

    (1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio"

    from v$rowcache 

    where gets+getmisses <>0

    group by parameter, gets, getmisses; 

8. 监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%

    select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",

    sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache

    from v$librarycache;

   select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent" 

   from v$librarycache;

9. 显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小

select count(name) num_instances ,type ,sum(source_size) source_size ,

sum(parsed_size) parsed_size ,sum(code_size) code_size ,sum(error_size) error_size,

sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size) size_required 

from dba_object_size 

group by type order by 2;

10. 监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%

SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,

Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1,

Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,

immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100) ratio2

FROM v$latch WHERE name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy'); 

11. 监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10，增加 sort_area_size 

SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)'); 

12. 监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句

SELECT osuser, username, sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext b

where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;

13. 监控字典缓冲区

SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;

SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE" FROM V$ROWCACHE;

SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILE EXECUTING" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE; 

后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。

SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES"

FROM V$ROWCACHE

14. 找ORACLE字符集

select * from sys.props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET'; 

15. 监控 MTS

select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" from v$dispatcher;

此值大于0.5时，参数需加大

select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue where type='dispatcher';

select count(*) from v$dispatcher;

select servers_highwater from v$mts;

servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时，参数需加大

16. 碎片程度

select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name 

having count(tablespace_name)>10;

alter tablespace name coalesce;

alter table name deallocate unused;

create or replace view ts_blocks_v as

select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space

union all

select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;

select * from ts_blocks_v;

select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space 

group by tablespace_name;

查看碎片程度高的表

SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents

FROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY segment_name

HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name);

17. 表、索引的存储情况检查

select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan from dba_extents where 

tablespace_name='&tablespace_name' and segment_type='TABLE' group by tablespace_name,segment_name;

select segment_name,count(*) from dba_extents where segment_type='INDEX' and owner='&owner'

group by segment_name;

18、找使用CPU多的用户session

12是cpu used by this session

select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value

from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c

where c.statistic#=12 and c.sid=a.sid and a.paddr=b.addr order by value desc;

19、查看运行过的SQL语句：

SELECT SQL_TEXT

FROM V$SQL

20.监控log_buffer的使用情况：(值最好小于1%，否则增加log_buffer 的大小)

select rbar.name,rbar.value,re.name,re.value,(rbar.value*100)/re.value||'%' "radio"

from v$sysstat rbar,v$sysstat re

where rbar.name='redo buffer allocation retries'

and re.name='redo entries';

21.查找慢sql

Select a.sid, --会话ID

       a.serial#, --会话serial#

       a.status, --会话状态

       a.last_call_et as "Seconds", --会话持续时间

       a.username, --发起会话的oracle用户

       a.machine, --发起会话的工作站

       a.osuser, --发起会话的操作系统用户

       a.program, --发起会话的客户程序

       b.piece, --SQL语句的行号

b.sql_text as "SQL" --用户正在执行的sql语句

from  sys.v_$session a,sys.v_$sqltext b

where a.username is not null and

      a.last_call_et > 600 and

      b.hash_value(+)=a.sql_hash_value

order by a.sid,a.serial#,b.piece; 

长时间运行会话信息（缺省600秒，可修改） (检测时间:  "xdate")  

TTitle left "***************** 长时间锁定和等待锁的会话信息（缺省600秒，可修改） (检测时间:  "xdate")   *****************" skip 1 

Select 'Waiting' as "STATUS", --等待资源的会话

       a.sid,a.serial#,a.status as "SESSION_STATUS",

       a.last_call_et as "Seconds", --等待持续的时间

       c.owner||'.'||c.object_name as "OBJECT",

       a.username,a.machine,a.osuser,a.program

from sys.v_$session a,

     dba_objects c,

     sys.v_$Locked_object d

where a.username is not null and

      a.last_call_et > 1 and

      a.lockwait is not null and

      d.session_id(+)=a.sid and

      c.object_id = d.object_id

union

Select 'Locking' as "STATUS",  --锁住资源的会话

       a.sid,a.serial#,a.status as "SESSION_STATUS",

       a.last_call_et as "Seconds", --加锁持续的时间

       c.owner||'.'||c.object_name as "OBJECT", --被锁住的对象

       a.username,a.machine,a.osuser,a.program

from sys.v_$session a,

     dba_objects c,

     sys.v_$Locked_object d

where a.username is not null and

      a.last_call_et > 1 and

      a.lockwait is null and

      d.session_id(+)=a.sid and

      c.object_id = d.object_id

order by status,sid,serial#,object; 

锁表的 

select object_name 对象名称,machine as 主机,

s.program 程序,s.sid,s.serial#,p.spid as OS进程号 

from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o ,v$session s ,v$process p

where l.object_id=o.object_id 

and l.session_id=s.sid

and s.paddr=p.addr;

把锁这个对象的会话kill掉 

SELECT distinct 'alter system kill session '''||b.sid||','||b.serial#||''';', b.username,b.sid

             FROM SYS.x$kglpn a,v$session b,SYS.x$kglob c

             WHERE a.KGLPNUSE = b.saddr

               and upper(c.KGLNAOBJ)  like upper('%C_CONTACT%')

               and a.KGLPNHDL = c.KGLHDADR;

谁在锁，谁在等 

SELECT a.inst_id,

       b.sid,

       b.SERIAL#,

       c.spid,

       'alter system kill session ''' || b.sid || ',' || b.SERIAL# || ''';',

       DECODE(a.request, 0, 'Holder: ', 'Waiter: ') || a.sid sess,

       a.id1,

       a.id2,

       a.lmode,

       a.request,

       a.type,

       b.EVENT,

       b.P1TEXT,

       b.p1,

       b.p2text,

       b.p2,

       b.P3TEXT,

       b.p3,

       b.STATUS,

       b.machine,

       b.taddr

  FROM gV$LOCK a, gv$session b, gv$process c

 WHERE (a.id1, a.id2, a.type) IN

       (SELECT c.id1, c.id2, c.type FROM gV$LOCK c WHERE c.request > 0)

   and a.INST_ID = b.INST_ID

   and a.SID = b.SID

   and b.INST_ID = c.INST_ID(+)

   and b.PADDR = c.ADDR(+)

 ORDER BY a.id1, a.request

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/sunjun/blog/9013