使用nginx搭建tomcat集群配置

软件准备:

(1)jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz

(2)apache-tomcat-7.0.57.tar.gz

(3)nginx-1.7.7.tar.gz

准备3台Linux机器,我的3台Linux主机IP分别是192.168.71.11、192.168.71.12和192.168.71.13。

我们打算在3台Linux机器上各安装1台tomcat,并在第1台机器上安装一个nginx。

 

一、安装JDK

解压jdk安装包

tar -zxvf jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz

解压jdk安装包,得到一个解压后的目录:/usr/local/zhaopin/jdk1.8.0_73,后面tomcat要使用到这个目录。

 

二、安装和配置tomcat

(2)解压tomcat安装包

tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.57.tar.gz

解压tomcat安装包,得到一个解压后的目录,将其改名为"tomcat-kafka-8301",即:/usr/local/zhaopin/tomcat-kafka-8301,后面配置tomcat也要到此目录。

(3)修改tomcat-kafka-8301/bin/catalina.sh文件,在开头添加如下内容:

CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/zhaopin/tomcat-kafka-8301
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/zhaopin/jdk1.8.0_73

JAVA_OPTS="-Xms2048m 
-Xmx2048m 
-Xmn384m 
-Xss256k 
-XX:PermSize=128M 
-XX:NewSize=384m 
-XX:MaxNewSize=384m 
-XX:MaxPermSize=256m 
-XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC 
-XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection 
-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled 
-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=7777 
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false 
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false 
-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.71.11 
-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError 
-Djava.awt.headless=true" 

(4)修改server.xml文件的内容:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>
  <Service name="Catalina">
<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="1000" minSpareThreads="50" maxIdleTime="60000"/> <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8301" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" enableLookups="false" maxPostSize="10485760" URIEncoding="UTF-8" acceptCount="100" acceptorThreadCount="2" disableUploadTimeout="true" maxConnections="10000" SSLEnabled="false"/> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>

(5)修改tomcat-users.xml文件,在末尾添加如下内容:

<role rolename="manager"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin-gui,admin,manager-gui,manager"/>

 

这样一台tomcat就配置好了,按照此方法在多台服务器上安装多个tomcat即可。

为了便于观察nginx的负载均衡效果,我们需要分别修改3台tomcat服务器的默认主页(修改tomcat安装目录下的/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp文件),在页面顶部添加本地的IP地址,比如:

 

三、安装和配置nginx

(1)使用yum命令安装nginx的编译环境

yum -y install gcc-c++  
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel  
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel  
yum -y install openssl openssl—devel

(2)使用wget命令下载nginx安装包

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.7.tar.gz

(3)解压nginx安装包

tar -zxvf nginx-1.7.7.tar.gz

(4)进入到解压后的nginx目录

 

(5)编译nginx到指定的目录

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zhaopin/nginx

(5)安装nginx

make && make install

(6)启动、停止、重启nginx的命令

启动: sbin/nginx
停止: sbin/nginx -s stop
重启: sbin/nginx -s reload

(7)在浏览器中访问 http://ip地址,如果能够看到nginx首页说明nginx安装成功

 

如果访问不到nginx的首页,可能是防火墙问题,安装如下配置防火墙,并在浏览器中重新访问即可:

防火墙打开80端口
service iptables stop //关闭防火墙

如果在浏览器中访问不了nginx,请在防火墙中将80端口添加例外:
/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

将防火墙配置做持久化:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save

查看防火墙的状态:
/etc/init.d/iptables status

 

(8)nginx.conf配置

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  8;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    gzip on;  
    gzip_min_length 1k;  
    gzip_buffers 16 64k;  
    gzip_http_version 1.1;  
    gzip_comp_level 6;  
    gzip_types text/xml text/javascript text/css text/plain application/json application/xml application/javascript;  
    gzip_vary on;  
  
    upstream backend_server {
        server 192.168.71.11:8301;
        server 192.168.71.12:8302;
        server 192.168.71.13:8303;
        #ip_hash;  
    }

    server {
        listen       8081;
        server_name  backend_server;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            #root   html; #定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置  
            #index  index.html index.htm; #定义首页索引文件的名称 
            proxy_pass http://backend_server; #请求转向backend_server 定义的服务器列表
            client_max_body_size 10m;    #允许客户端请求的最大单文件字节数
            client_body_buffer_size 128k;  #缓冲区代理缓冲用户端请求的最大字节数

            proxy_connect_timeout 90s;  #nginx跟后端服务器连接超时时间(代理连接超时)
            proxy_send_timeout 120s;        #后端服务器数据回传时间(代理发送超时)
            proxy_read_timeout 90s;         #连接成功后,后端服务器响应时间(代理接收超时)
            proxy_buffer_size 128k;             #设置代理服务器(nginx)保存用户头信息的缓冲区大小
            proxy_buffers 4 256k;               #proxy_buffers缓冲区,网页平均在32k以下的话,这样设置
            #proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;    #高负荷下缓冲大小(proxy_buffers*2)
            #proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;  #设定缓存文件夹大小,大于这个值,将从upstream服务器传

            #后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IP
            #proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $remote_addr;  
            proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;  
        }
        #location / {
            #root   /home/ftpuser/www;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
        #}

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

 

在上面的配置文件中,我们安装了3台tomcat,端口分别是8301、8302和8303,修改好nginx的配置文件之后,重启nginx,并在浏览器中访问:http://192.168.71.11,并不断刷新页面,如果看到tomcat默认主页顶部有ip地址在变化说明nginx和tomcat负载均衡配置成功。

 

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