安装方法已经打包在tar包里了，INSTALL-BINARY文件里就是，如下：（下载地址:mariadb.org）


MariaDB and MySQL have identical install methods. In this document we

describe how to install MariaDB; However all documentation at www.mysql.com

also applies.



2.2. Installing MariaDB from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux


  This section covers the installation of MariaDB binary distributions

  that are provided for various platforms in the form of compressed

  tar files (files with a .tar.gz extension).


  MariaDB tar file binary distributions have names of the form

  mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz, where VERSION is a number (for example,

  5.1.39), and OS indicates the type of operating system for which

  the distribution is intended (for example, pc-linux-i686).


  You need the following tools to install a MariaDB tar file binary

  distribution:


    * GNU gunzip to uncompress the distribution.


    * A reasonable tar to unpack the distribution. GNU tar is known

      to work. Some operating systems come with a preinstalled

      version of tar that is known to have problems. For example,

      the tar provided with early versions of Mac OS X, SunOS 4.x,

      Solaris 8, Solaris 9, Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris, and HP-UX

      are known to have problems with long file names. On Mac OS X,

      you can use the preinstalled gnutar program. On Solaris 10 and

      OpenSolaris you can use the preinstalled gtar. On other

      systems with a deficient tar, you should install GNU tar

      first.


  If you run into problems and need to file a bug report,

  please report them to: http://mariadb.org/jira


  See the instructions in Section 1.6, "How to Report Bugs or Problems."


  The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a

  MariaDB binary distribution are:


shell> groupadd mysql

shell> useradd -g mysql mysql

shell> cd /usr/local

shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -

shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

shell> cd mysql

shell> chown -R mysql .

shell> chgrp -R mysql .

shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

shell> chown -R root .

shell> chown -R mysql data

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &


Note


  This procedure does not set up any passwords for MariaDB accounts.

  After following the procedure, proceed to Section 2.13,

  "Post-Installation Setup and Testing."


  A more detailed version of the preceding description for

  installing a binary distribution follows:


   1. Add a login user and group for mysqld to run as:

shell> groupadd mysql

shell> useradd -g mysql mysql

      These commands add the mysql group and the mysql user. The

      syntax for useradd and groupadd may differ slightly on

      different versions of Unix, or they may have different names

      such as adduser and addgroup.

      You might want to call the user and group something else

      instead of mysql. If so, substitute the appropriate name in

      the following steps.


   2. Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the

      distribution and change location into it. In the following

      example, we unpack the distribution under /usr/local. (The

      instructions, therefore, assume that you have permission to

      create files and directories in /usr/local. If that directory

      is protected, you must perform the installation as root.)

shell> cd /usr/local


   3. Obtain a distribution file using the instructions in Section

      2.1.3, "How to Get MariaDB." For a given release, binary

      distributions for all platforms are built from the same MariaDB

      source distribution.


   4. Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation

      directory. Then create a symbolic link to that directory:

shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -

shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

      The tar command creates a directory named mysql-VERSION-OS.

      The ln command makes a symbolic link to that directory. This

      lets you refer more easily to the installation directory as

      /usr/local/mysql.

      With GNU tar, no separate invocation of gunzip is necessary.

      You can replace the first line with the following alternative

      command to uncompress and extract the distribution:

shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz


   5. Change location into the installation directory:

shell> cd mysql

      You will find several files and subdirectories in the mysql

      directory. The most important for installation purposes are

      the bin and scripts subdirectories:


         + The bin directory contains client programs and the

           server. You should add the full path name of this

           directory to your PATH environment variable so that your

           shell finds the MariaDB programs properly. See Section

           2.14, "Environment Variables."


         + The scripts directory contains the mysql_install_db

           script used to initialize the mysql database containing

           the grant tables that store the server access

           permissions.


   6. Ensure that the distribution contents are accessible to mysql.

      If you unpacked the distribution as mysql, no further action

      is required. If you unpacked the distribution as root, its

      contents will be owned by root. Change its ownership to mysql

      by executing the following commands as root in the

      installation directory:

shell> chown -R mysql .

shell> chgrp -R mysql .

      The first command changes the owner attribute of the files to

      the mysql user. The second changes the group attribute to the

      mysql group.


   7. If you have not installed MariaDB before, you must create the

      MariaDB data directory and initialize the grant tables:

shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

      If you run the command as root, include the --user option as

      shown. If you run the command while logged in as that user,

      you can omit the --user option.

      The command should create the data directory and its contents

      with mysql as the owner.

      After creating or updating the grant tables, you need to

      restart the server manually.


   8. Most of the MariaDB installation can be owned by root if you

      like. The exception is that the data directory must be owned

      by mysql. To accomplish this, run the following commands as

      root in the installation directory:


shell> chown -R root .

shell> chown -R mysql data


   9. If you want MariaDB to start automatically when you boot your

      machine, you can copy support-files/mysql.server to the

      location where your system has its startup files. More

      information can be found in the support-files/mysql.server

      script itself and in Section 2.13.1.2, "Starting and Stopping

      MariaDB Automatically."

  10. You can set up new accounts using the bin/mysql_setpermission

      script if you install the DBI and DBD::mysql Perl modules. See

      Section 4.6.14, "mysql_setpermission --- Interactively Set

      Permissions in Grant Tables." For Perl module installation

      instructions, see Section 2.15, "Perl Installation Notes."

  11. If you would like to use mysqlaccess and have the MariaDB

      distribution in some nonstandard location, you must change the

      location where mysqlaccess expects to find the mysql client.

      Edit the bin/mysqlaccess script at approximately line 18.

      Search for a line that looks like this:

$MYSQL     = '/usr/local/bin/mysql';    # path to mysql executable

      Change the path to reflect the location where mysql actually

      is stored on your system. If you do not do this, a Broken pipe

      error will occur when you run mysqlaccess.


  After everything has been unpacked and installed, you should test

  your distribution. To start the MariaDB server, use the following

  command:

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &


  If you run the command as root, you must use the --user option as

  shown. The value of the option is the name of the login account

  that you created in the first step to use for running the server.

  If you run the command while logged in as mysql, you can omit the

  --user option.


  If the command fails immediately and prints mysqld ended, you can

  find some information in the host_name.err file in the data

  directory.


  More information about mysqld_safe is given in Section 4.3.2,

  "mysqld_safe --- MySQL Server Startup Script."

shell> chown -R mysql data


   9. If you want MariaDB to start automatically when you boot your

      machine, you can copy support-files/mysql.server to the

      location where your system has its startup files. More

      information can be found in the support-files/mysql.server

      script itself and in Section 2.13.1.2, "Starting and Stopping

      MariaDB Automatically."

  10. You can set up new accounts using the bin/mysql_setpermission

      script if you install the DBI and DBD::mysql Perl modules. See

      Section 4.6.14, "mysql_setpermission --- Interactively Set

      Permissions in Grant Tables." For Perl module installation

      instructions, see Section 2.15, "Perl Installation Notes."

  11. If you would like to use mysqlaccess and have the MariaDB

      distribution in some nonstandard location, you must change the

      location where mysqlaccess expects to find the mysql client.

      Edit the bin/mysqlaccess script at approximately line 18.

      Search for a line that looks like this:

$MYSQL     = '/usr/local/bin/mysql';    # path to mysql executable

      Change the path to reflect the location where mysql actually

      is stored on your system. If you do not do this, a Broken pipe

      error will occur when you run mysqlaccess.


  After everything has been unpacked and installed, you should test

  your distribution. To start the MariaDB server, use the following

  command:

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &


  If you run the command as root, you must use the --user option as

  shown. The value of the option is the name of the login account

  that you created in the first step to use for running the server.

  If you run the command while logged in as mysql, you can omit the

  --user option.


  If the command fails immediately and prints mysqld ended, you can

  find some information in the host_name.err file in the data

  directory.


  More information about mysqld_safe is given in Section 4.3.2,

  "mysqld_safe --- MySQL Server Startup Script."


Note


  The accounts that are listed in the MariaDB grant tables initially

  have no passwords. After starting the server, you should set up

  passwords for them using the instructions in Section 2.13,

  "Post-Installation Setup and Testing."