smtp虚拟用户邮件传输及管理

一.对简单的邮件传输进行本地管理

1）.本机如何拒绝其他指定ip主机远程发送邮寄

服务器配置：(限制规则是按照查询的顺序进行的，第一条符合条件的规则被执行)

vim /etc/postfix/access

(ip)172.25.254.*** REJECT

postmap /etc/postfix/access

postconf -e "smtpd_client_restrictions =check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access"

systemctl restart postfix.service

测试远程发送邮件

telnet ip

mail from:westos@westos.com

rcpt to:westos@westos.com

如果远程发送邮件，客户端的ip地址符合access中的ip则拒绝该客户端的连接请求)

2）.如何拒绝其他用户远程访问发送邮件

vim /etc/postfix/sender

westos@westos.com REJECT (备注：远程访问是全域名拒绝)

postmap /etc/postfix/sender

postconf -e "smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender"

systemctl restart postfix.service

3）.如何指定用户不能接收远程邮件

vim /etc/postfix/recip

westos@westos.com REJECT

postmap recip

postconf -e "smtpd_recipient_restrictions =check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/recip"

systemctl restart postfix.service


二.简单邮件的接收（远程接收（dovecot）管理）

 1）yum install dovecot -y

查看dovecot支持的邮件类型所对应的接口（dovecot可以开启四个端口）

imap 143 cat /etc/services | grep imap

pop 110 cat /etc/services | grep imaps

imaps 993 cat /etc/services | grep pop3

pop3s 995 cat /etc/services | grep pop3s

2）vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

24| protocols = imap pop3 lmtp /*邮电传输协议 lmtp是本地传输

48| login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0/0

49| disable_plaintext_auth = no /*允许明文密码验证

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf

mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u  /*本地的邮件位置

systemctl start dovecot

netstat -antlpe | grep dovecot /*查看dovecot的端口

yum install mutt -y

> /var/log/maillog

tail -f /var/log/maillog /*邮件报错信息

mutt -f pop://westos@172.25.254.200

直接进行访问会出错，没有/home/westos/mail/.imap这个目录

su - westos

cd mail

ls -a

mkdir .imap

touch /home/westos/mail/.imap/INBOX

如果想要自动建立以上的目录，需要在/etc/skel下面建立mkdir -p mail/.imap

touch /etc/skel/mail/.imap/INBOX


3）.安装软件管理dovecot，雷鸟软件(安装雷鸟有两种方法，一种是写脚本，一步步安装，另外一种是建立第三方yum源


)

1)建立脚本

#!/bin/bash

yum whatprovide */$1

./thunderbird(执行雷鸟可以查看缺少的插件)执行脚本产看需要安装的软件，解决雷鸟的依赖性


三.建立简单邮件的虚拟用户和数据库关联

1)先制作php软件管理mariadb

yum install mariadb -y

yum install mariadb-server -y

yum intsall php php-mysql -y /*PHP 是一种嵌入在 HTML 并由服务器解释的脚本语言

tar jxf phpmyadmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2 -c /var/www/html

yum install phpmyadmin-3.4.0-all-languages -y

 cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

vim config.inc.php

$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'westos';

systemctl restart httpd /*备注：如果不能正常重启，修改hosts的内容，加上本地dns和域名

2)安装数据库做以下设置

mysql -uroot -pwestos

select * from email.muser;

create user postfix@localhost identified by 'postfix'

grant insert,upddate,select on email.* to postfix@localhost;

mysql -upostfix -ppostfix

select * from email.muser;

3）编辑文件写明域名，用户名，邮件位置

cd /etc/postfix

vim mysql-users.cf

 hosts = localhost

 user = postfix

 password = postfix

 dbname = email

 table = muser

 select_field = username

 where_field = username

postmap -q "admin@linux.org" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-users.cf


cp -p mysql-users.cf mysql-domain.cf

修改最后两项

select_field = domain

where_field = domain

postmap -q "linux.org" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf


cp -p mysql-users.cf mysql-maildir.cf

修改最后两项

select_field = maildir

where_field = username 

postmap -q "admin@linux.org" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-maildir.cf

4）设置账号管理虚拟用户

useradd -u 666 -g 666 vmail -s /sbin/nologin

groupadd -g 666 vmail

postconf -e "virtual_gid_maps = static:666"

postconf -e "virtual_uid_maps = static:666"

postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail"

postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-users.cf"

postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf"

postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-maildir.cf"

5)将虚拟用户和postfix关联

cd /usr/share/doc/dovecot-2.2.10/

cd example-config

cp dovecot-sql.conf.ext /etc/dovecot

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext

32|driver = mysql 

71|connect = host=localhost dbname=email user=postfix password=postfix

78|default_pass_scheme = PLAIN

107|password_query = \

108|SELECT username, domain, password \

109|FROM muser WHERE username = '%u' AND domain = '%d'

125|user_query = select maildir, 666 AS uid, 666 AS gid FROM muser WHERE username = '%u'

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf

30|mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n

168|first_valid_uid = 666

175|first_valid_gid = 666

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf

122|!include auth-systemctl.conf.ext /*真实用户可以登录

123|!include auth-sql.conf.ext /*允许虚拟用户进行登陆

yum install dovecot-mysql.x86_64 -y

四、空壳电子邮件服务器

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

znoe "linux.org" IN {

type master;

file "linux.org.zone"

allow-update { none;};

};

vim /var/named/linux.org.zone

linux.org. MX 1 172.25.254.150.

rm -fr /etc/postfix/main.cf

yum reinstall postfix -y

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

75|myhostname = mail.mail.com

83|mydomain = mail.com

98|myorigin = linux.org

113|inet_interfaces = all

164|mydestination = 

313|relayhost = 172.25.254.249

140|local_transport = error:local delivery disabled

mynetwork = 172.25.254.0/24

在核心处理邮件服务器上测试：cd /home/vmail

watch -n 1 ls /*产看发送的邮件