前言
本文基于的retrofit版本是:2.1.0,文章会从retrofit的使用逐渐进入它的源码进行分析。retrofit是一个基于okhttp封装的,具有RESTful风格的HTTP网络请求框架。也就是说,它只负责网络接口配置和调用的封装,实际底层调用的工作还是由okhttp完成的。可以使用它以注解的形式配置请求的地址,请求参数等,还可以添加自定义拦截器、网络拦截器和数据转换器等进行处理和扩展。
源码分析
从使用开始讲起。
创建retrofit实例
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
baseUrl("https://heyunjian.leanapp.cn/")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
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从形式上看,可以知道retrofit的创建使用了建造者模式。下面我们进入它的源码。
public final class Retrofit {
// 网络请求配置对象(对使用时的注解进行解析后得到的对象保存在里面)
private final Map<Method, ServiceMethod<?, ?>> serviceMethodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
//网络请求器工厂
final okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory;
//网络请求的基地址
final HttpUrl baseUrl;
//数据转换工厂
final List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories;
//网络请求适配器
final List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories;
//回调方法执行器
final Executor callbackExecutor;
final boolean validateEagerly;
Retrofit(okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory, HttpUrl baseUrl,
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories, List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories,
Executor callbackExecutor, boolean validateEagerly) {
this.callFactory = callFactory;
this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
this.converterFactories = unmodifiableList(converterFactories); // Defensive copy at call site.
this.adapterFactories = unmodifiableList(adapterFactories); // Defensive copy at call site.
this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
this.validateEagerly = validateEagerly;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Single-interface proxy creation guarded by parameter safety.
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
if (validateEagerly) {
eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
}
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
@Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
}
ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =
(ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);
OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);
}
});
}
...
public static final class Builder {
private final Platform platform;
private okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory;
private HttpUrl baseUrl;
private final List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>();
private final List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>();
private Executor callbackExecutor;
private boolean validateEagerly;
Builder(Platform platform) {
this.platform = platform;
// Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
// ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
}
public Builder() {
this(Platform.get());
}
Builder(Retrofit retrofit) {
platform = Platform.get();
callFactory = retrofit.callFactory;
baseUrl = retrofit.baseUrl;
converterFactories.addAll(retrofit.converterFactories);
adapterFactories.addAll(retrofit.adapterFactories);
// Remove the default, platform-aware call adapter added by build().
adapterFactories.remove(adapterFactories.size() - 1);
callbackExecutor = retrofit.callbackExecutor;
validateEagerly = retrofit.validateEagerly;
}
...
public Retrofit build() {
if (baseUrl == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
}
okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
if (callFactory == null) {
callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
}
Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
if (callbackExecutor == null) {
callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
}
// Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories);
adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
// Make a defensive copy of the converters.
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories);
return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories,
callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
}
}
}
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在Retrofit#Builder类中的成员变量和Retrofit的基本是一样的,这也正是建造者模式的特点。Retrofit的成员变量已经在源码中有注释。在Builder中,主要看Platform。
Platform的子类:
主要有两个子类,对应着retrofit支持的平台:Android和java8的平台。
Platform子类Android的源码如下:
static class Android extends Platform {
@Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
return new MainThreadExecutor();
}
@Override CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(Executor callbackExecutor) {
return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
}
static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
@Override public void execute(Runnable r) {
handler.post(r);
}
}
}
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MainThreadExecutor静态内部类中,创建了主线程的handler,用于将请求处理的结果返回给Android主线程。
retrofit.create(CSDNAPIService.class);
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进入create方法源码
Retrofit#create
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Single-interface proxy creation guarded by parameter safety.
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
if (validateEagerly) {
eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
}
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
@Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
}
ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =
(ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);
OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);
}
});
}
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可以看到,上面使用了动态代理。proxy就是反射创建的类对象,method是对象要调用的方法,args是要调用方法的参数。主要分析loadServiceMethod方法。
Retrofit#loadServiceMethod
ServiceMethod<?, ?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
ServiceMethod<?, ?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result != null) return result;
synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result == null) {
result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();
serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
}
}
return result;
}
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serviceMethodCache是一个缓存,首先从缓存中取数据,没有,线程锁定,调用ServiceMethod的相关代码。
result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();
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主要工作在build方法中,
ServiceMethod#build
public ServiceMethod build() {
callAdapter = createCallAdapter();
responseType = callAdapter.responseType();
if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) {
throw methodError("'"
+ Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName()
+ "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?");
}
responseConverter = createResponseConverter();
for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) {
parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);
}
if (httpMethod == null) {
throw methodError("HTTP method annotation is required (e.g., @GET, @POST, etc.).");
}
if (!hasBody) {
if (isMultipart) {
throw methodError(
"Multipart can only be specified on HTTP methods with request body (e.g., @POST).");
}
if (isFormEncoded) {
throw methodError("FormUrlEncoded can only be specified on HTTP methods with "
+ "request body (e.g., @POST).");
}
}
int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length;
parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount];
for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) {
Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p];
if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) {
throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s",
parameterType);
}
Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p];
if (parameterAnnotations == null) {
throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found.");
}
parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);
}
if (relativeUrl == null && !gotUrl) {
throw methodError("Missing either @%s URL or @Url parameter.", httpMethod);
}
if (!isFormEncoded && !isMultipart && !hasBody && gotBody) {
throw methodError("Non-body HTTP method cannot contain @Body.");
}
if (isFormEncoded && !gotField) {
throw methodError("Form-encoded method must contain at least one @Field.");
}
if (isMultipart && !gotPart) {
throw methodError("Multipart method must contain at least one @Part.");
}
return new ServiceMethod<>(this);
}
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这里主要看第11行,这里主要是解析使用时的各种配置注解。
ServiceMethod#parseMethodAnnotation
private void parseMethodAnnotation(Annotation annotation) {
if (annotation instanceof DELETE) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("DELETE", ((DELETE) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof GET) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof HEAD) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("HEAD", ((HEAD) annotation).value(), false);
if (!Void.class.equals(responseType)) {
throw methodError("HEAD method must use Void as response type.");
}
} else if (annotation instanceof PATCH) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("PATCH", ((PATCH) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof POST) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("POST", ((POST) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof PUT) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("PUT", ((PUT) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof OPTIONS) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("OPTIONS", ((OPTIONS) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof HTTP) {
HTTP http = (HTTP) annotation;
parseHttpMethodAndPath(http.method(), http.path(), http.hasBody());
} else if (annotation instanceof retrofit2.http.Headers) {
String[] headersToParse = ((retrofit2.http.Headers) annotation).value();
if (headersToParse.length == 0) {
throw methodError("@Headers annotation is empty.");
}
headers = parseHeaders(headersToParse);
} else if (annotation instanceof Multipart) {
if (isFormEncoded) {
throw methodError("Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
}
isMultipart = true;
} else if (annotation instanceof FormUrlEncoded) {
if (isMultipart) {
throw methodError("Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
}
isFormEncoded = true;
}
}
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从上面可以看到具体的注解。
分析retrofit的同步和异步请求过程:
异步请求
OkHttpCall#enqueue
@Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null");
okhttp3.Call call;
Throwable failure;
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
executed = true;
call = rawCall;
failure = creationFailure;
if (call == null && failure == null) {
try {
call = rawCall = createRawCall();
} catch (Throwable t) {
failure = creationFailure = t;
}
}
}
if (failure != null) {
callback.onFailure(this, failure);
return;
}
if (canceled) {
call.cancel();
}
call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {
@Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse)
throws IOException {
Response<T> response;
try {
response = parseResponse(rawResponse);
} catch (Throwable e) {
callFailure(e);
return;
}
callSuccess(response);
}
@Override public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) {
try {
callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void callFailure(Throwable e) {
try {
callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void callSuccess(Response<T> response) {
try {
callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
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看第15行,createRawCall()创建了call,call是一个接口,它的子类有RealCall.
public interface Call extends Cloneable
final class RealCall implements Call
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进入OkHttpCall#createRawCall方法
private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
Request request = serviceMethod.toRequest(args);
okhttp3.Call call = serviceMethod.callFactory.newCall(request);
if (call == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null.");
}
return call;
}
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它用参数创建http请求对象,然后创建call,并返回。
分析newCall方法,是callFactory的方法,看Factory
interface Factory {
Call newCall(Request request);
}
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它被OkHttpClient实现,所以会到OkHttpClient的newCall
OkHttpClient#newCall
@Override public Call newCall(Request request) {
return new RealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
}
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现在分析到了RealCall。异步和同步请求调用的方法,都会来到RealCall调用enqueue和execute方法。
看异步的enqueue方法 RealCall#enqueue
@Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}
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看第7行,AsyncCall是一个Runnable任务,会提交给线程池执行。responseCallback是异步请求结果的回调。
final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable
public abstract class NamedRunnable implements Runnable
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responseCallback是一个Callback
public interface Callback {
void onFailure(Call call, IOException e);
void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException;
}
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AsyncCall是一个Runnable任务,那它做的任务是什么呢?
AsyncCall#execute
@Override protected void execute() {
boolean signalledCallback = false;
try {
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
if (signalledCallback) {
// Do not signal the callback twice!
Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
} else {
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
}
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
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上面的第4行getResponseWithInterceptorChain返回了请求的结果,其实它里面发生了整个请求的过程。等一下会进去分析它是如何责任链的调用拦截器的和它是怎样根据响应结果调用callback的回调方法的。
AsyncCall#execute是重写NamedRunnable中的execute方法的。
public abstract class NamedRunnable implements Runnable {
protected final String name;
public NamedRunnable(String format, Object... args) {
this.name = Util.format(format, args);
}
@Override public final void run() {
String oldName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
Thread.currentThread().setName(name);
try {
execute();
} finally {
Thread.currentThread().setName(oldName);
}
}
protected abstract void execute();
}
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看到,在任务的主要工作run方法中,调用了execute方法。而主要工作做了什么?就是上面的AsyncCall#execute所做的。
回到前面,RealCall#enqueue,进入第7行的Dispatcher的enqueue
Dispatcher#enqueue
synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
executorService().execute(call);
} else {
readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
}
}
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runningAsyncCalls保存了异步执行的任务,它的解析如下的英文解释。如果同时执行的任务数没有超过线程池的最大可执行次数,就直接放到线程池中执行。
/** Running asynchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
private final Deque<AsyncCall> runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
...
private int maxRequests = 64;
private int maxRequestsPerHost = 5;
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之前在分析AsyncCall#execute时说过,在第4行的getResponseWithInterceptorrChain中完成了整个网络请求的过程,在过程中责任链式的调用了拦截器和网络拦截器。下面从源码上分析拦截器的调用过程。
AsyncCall#getResponseWithInterceptorChain
Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
if (!forWebSocket) {
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(
interceptors, null, null, null, 0, originalRequest);
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
}
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可以看到,是先将所有的拦截器放到了interceptors列表中。然后在第14到16行调用了拦截器。这里还有一个主要的分析工作,就是各个系统提供的拦截器在网络请求过程负责做了什么。(本篇文章没讲)
RealInterceptorChain#proceed
public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
...
// Call the next interceptor in the chain.
RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(
interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index + 1, request);
Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);
...
return response;
}
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index刚开始是0,从第一个拦截器开始调用,在RealInterceptorChain#proceed中又创建了下一个RealInterceptorChain,然后执行当前拦截器。
到这里暂停一下,先了解一个拦截器是怎么样定义的?
public class CustomInterceptor implements Interceptor {
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
...
//做拦截器做的事情
...
return chain.proceed(request);
}
}
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最后那条语句正和AsyncCall#getResponseWithInterceptorChain的最后一句是一样的。这样子就形成了一条链,不断的index + 1即一个一个的按顺序执行完所有的拦截器,而每个拦截器负责自己的责任,这就是责任链模式。
同步请求
OkHttpCall#execute
@Override public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
okhttp3.Call call;
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
executed = true;
if (creationFailure != null) {
if (creationFailure instanceof IOException) {
throw (IOException) creationFailure;
} else {
throw (RuntimeException) creationFailure;
}
}
call = rawCall;
if (call == null) {
try {
call = rawCall = createRawCall();
} catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
creationFailure = e;
throw e;
}
}
}
if (canceled) {
call.cancel();
}
return parseResponse(call.execute());
}
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同异步请求分析中一样,主要都是调用createRawCall方法,这在上面已经分析。然后会到OkHttpClient中调用的execute方法。因为是同步请求,最后在parseResponse中解析了请求返回的结果,回调给Android前端。
OkHttpClient#execute
@Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
return result;
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
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第8行,进入源码是
/** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal it is in-flight. */
synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
runningSyncCalls.add(call);
}
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将RealCall添加到runningSyncCalls.
/** Running synchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
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在第9行,同样是调用了getResponseWithInterceptorChain方法得到请求的结果,这个在异步请求分析中已经讲过。