2013-10-20
StandardWrapper是什么 StandardWrapper是负责对Servlet的封装，在tomcat的结构层次中属于最内层，跟Servlet最接近的组件，是装载Servlet的容器，StandardWrapper没有子容器，因为不支持addChild()方法。在StandardWrapper之前Host已经解决了Servlet的选择问题，那么StandardWrapper要解决的问题是加载实例化Servlet，并使之可用，能够调用开发者定义的请求处理逻辑响应请求，且要维护Servlet的上面周期，资源分配。首先先看StandardWrapper里面所具备的信息。
Wrapper
StandardWrapper的实现接口，是包装Servlet的接口，定义了加载Servlet、使用Servlet和管理维护Servlet的方法，包装类主要通过java反射方式动态加载Context所需要的Servlet，并将Servlet缓存一段时间，两个重要的方法：load()方法用来加载Servlet，allocate()方法用来完成Servlet使用前的准备工作。
ContainerBase
被StandardWrapper继承容器基类，赋予StandardWrapper容器功能。
StandardWrapper()
默认构造方法，在构造方法中，与其他容器一样都指定pipeline的basic类型:StandardWrapperValve,在pipeline链尾部，控制请求数据的流动，在StandardWrapper的功能是调用StandardWrapper获取Servlet通过反射调用Servlet方法响应请求完成任务。
facade : StandardWrapperFacade
是设计模式中外观模式的应用，对ServletConfig封装，简化Servlet对ServletConifg的访问。
servletClass : String
StandardWrapper包装的对象，servlet类文件全报包名，用于记录包装类。
swValve : StandardWrapperValve
pipeline中的basicValve，作用很大，主要功能是使用servlet的逻辑处理请求信息。
getServletMethods()
工具方法，在使用servlet中需要知道servlet所具有的方法
上面内容都是一些类配置信息，下面的内容是关于StandardWrapper如何加载servlet并管理servlet的。首先是从磁盘上读取servlet文件加载到虚拟机中，这步由**loadServlet()**完成
loadServlet()
使用这个方法来将磁盘上的servlet类文件加载到JVM中，并完成实例化。在loadServlet中主要步骤如下：
- 判断是否是标记为单线程模式(该模式有性能问题，每次请求都会生成实例)和是否已经初始化过
- 判断是否为jsp文件，如果是jsp,按jsp处理方法处理
- 判断是否有servlet类文件
- 获取类加载器并判断是否获取成功，用于加载servlet
- 使用类加载装载servlet字节码到JVM中
- 实例化servlet
- 校验servlet是否是Httpservlet子类
- 触发BEFORE_INIT_EVENT事件
- 调用init()初始化servlet
- JSP文件判断处理，模拟触发调用service方法
- 触发AFTER_INIT_EVENT事件
- 触发load事件
至此，StandardWrapper已经完成servlet的装载和实例化操作，下面是loadServlet()方法源码
/**
* Load and initialize an instance of this servlet, if there is not already
* at least one initialized instance. This can be used, for example, to load
* servlets that are marked in the deployment descriptor to be loaded at
* server startup time.
* 装载和初始化一个servlet实例，
*/
public synchronized Servlet loadServlet() throws ServletException {
// Nothing to do if we already have an instance or an instance pool
if (!singleThreadModel && (instance != null))
return instance;
PrintStream out = System.out;
if (swallowOutput) {
SystemLogHandler.startCapture();
}
Servlet servlet;
try {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
// If this "servlet" is really a JSP file, get the right class.
// HOLD YOUR NOSE - this is a kludge that avoids having to do
// special
// case Catalina-specific code in Jasper - it also requires that the
// servlet path be replaced by the <jsp-file> element content in
// order to be completely effective
String actualClass = servletClass;
if ((actualClass == null) && (jspFile != null)) {
Wrapper jspWrapper = (Wrapper) ((Context) getParent())
.findChild(Constants.JSP_SERVLET_NAME);
if (jspWrapper != null) {
actualClass = jspWrapper.getServletClass();
// Merge init parameters
String paramNames[] = jspWrapper.findInitParameters();
for (int i = 0; i < paramNames.length; i++) {
if (parameters.get(paramNames[i]) == null) {
parameters
.put(paramNames[i], jspWrapper
.findInitParameter(paramNames[i]));
}
}
}
}
// Complain if no servlet class has been specified
if (actualClass == null) {
unavailable(null);
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.notClass", getName()));
}
// Acquire an instance of the class loader to be used
Loader loader = getLoader();
if (loader == null) {
unavailable(null);
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.missingLoader", getName()));
}
ClassLoader classLoader = loader.getClassLoader();
// Special case class loader for a container provided servlet
//
if (isContainerProvidedServlet(actualClass)
&& !((Context) getParent()).getPrivileged()) {
// If it is a priviledged context - using its own
// class loader will work, since it's a child of the container
// loader
classLoader = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
}
// Load the specified servlet class from the appropriate class
// loader
Class classClass = null;
try {
if (SecurityUtil.isPackageProtectionEnabled()) {
final ClassLoader fclassLoader = classLoader;
final String factualClass = actualClass;
try {
classClass = (Class) AccessController
.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction() {
public Object run() throws Exception {
if (fclassLoader != null) {
return fclassLoader
.loadClass(factualClass);
} else {
return Class.forName(factualClass);
}
}
});
} catch (PrivilegedActionException pax) {
Exception ex = pax.getException();
if (ex instanceof ClassNotFoundException) {
throw (ClassNotFoundException) ex;
} else {
getServletContext().log(
"Error loading " + fclassLoader + " "
+ factualClass, ex);
}
}
} else {
if (classLoader != null) {
classClass = classLoader.loadClass(actualClass);
} else {
classClass = Class.forName(actualClass);
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
unavailable(null);
getServletContext().log(
"Error loading " + classLoader + " " + actualClass, e);
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.missingClass", actualClass), e);
}
if (classClass == null) {
unavailable(null);
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.missingClass", actualClass));
}
// Instantiate and initialize an instance of the servlet class
// itself
try {
servlet = (Servlet) classClass.newInstance();
// Annotation processing
if (!((Context) getParent()).getIgnoreAnnotations()) {
if (getParent() instanceof StandardContext) {
((StandardContext) getParent())
.getAnnotationProcessor().processAnnotations(
servlet);
((StandardContext) getParent())
.getAnnotationProcessor()
.postConstruct(servlet);
}
}
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
unavailable(null);
// Restore the context ClassLoader
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.notServlet", actualClass), e);
} catch (Throwable e) {
unavailable(null);
// Added extra log statement for Bugzilla 36630:
// http://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=36630
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("standardWrapper.instantiate",
actualClass), e);
}
// Restore the context ClassLoader
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.instantiate", actualClass), e);
}
// Check if loading the servlet in this web application should be
// allowed
if (!isServletAllowed(servlet)) {
throw new SecurityException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.privilegedServlet", actualClass));
}
// Special handling for ContainerServlet instances
if ((servlet instanceof ContainerServlet)
&& (isContainerProvidedServlet(actualClass) || ((Context) getParent())
.getPrivileged())) {
((ContainerServlet) servlet).setWrapper(this);
}
classLoadTime = (int) (System.currentTimeMillis() - t1);
// Call the initialization method of this servlet
try {
instanceSupport.fireInstanceEvent(
InstanceEvent.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT, servlet);
if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) {
boolean success = false;
try {
Object[] args = new Object[] { facade };
SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege("init", servlet, classType,
args);
success = true;
} finally {
if (!success) {
// destroy() will not be called, thus clear the
// reference now
SecurityUtil.remove(servlet);
}
}
} else {
servlet.init(facade);
}
// Invoke jspInit on JSP pages
if ((loadOnStartup >= 0) && (jspFile != null)) {
// Invoking jspInit
DummyRequest req = new DummyRequest();
req.setServletPath(jspFile);
req.setQueryString(Constants.PRECOMPILE + "=true");
DummyResponse res = new DummyResponse();
if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) {
Object[] args = new Object[] { req, res };
SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege("service", servlet,
classTypeUsedInService, args);
args = null;
} else {
servlet.service(req, res);
}
}
instanceSupport.fireInstanceEvent(
InstanceEvent.AFTER_INIT_EVENT, servlet);
} catch (UnavailableException f) {
instanceSupport.fireInstanceEvent(
InstanceEvent.AFTER_INIT_EVENT, servlet, f);
unavailable(f);
throw f;
} catch (ServletException f) {
instanceSupport.fireInstanceEvent(
InstanceEvent.AFTER_INIT_EVENT, servlet, f);
// If the servlet wanted to be unavailable it would have
// said so, so do not call unavailable(null).
throw f;
} catch (Throwable f) {
getServletContext().log("StandardWrapper.Throwable", f);
instanceSupport.fireInstanceEvent(
InstanceEvent.AFTER_INIT_EVENT, servlet, f);
// If the servlet wanted to be unavailable it would have
// said so, so do not call unavailable(null).
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.initException", getName()), f);
}
// Register our newly initialized instance
singleThreadModel = servlet instanceof SingleThreadModel;
if (singleThreadModel) {
if (instancePool == null)
instancePool = new Stack();
}
fireContainerEvent("load", this);
loadTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - t1;
} finally {
if (swallowOutput) {
String log = SystemLogHandler.stopCapture();
if (log != null && log.length() > 0) {
if (getServletContext() != null) {
getServletContext().log(log);
} else {
out.println(log);
}
}
}
}
return servlet;
}
StandardWrapper在通过loadServlet()方法完成Servlet加载并实例化后,Servlet的实例已经可以使用,但必须将其标记为可用,才会被Context使用到。通过**allocate()**方法完成这个步骤。
allocate()
这个方法负责获取被StandardWrapper包装的Servlet对象实例,为Servlet能够被使用做最后的操作,主要步骤如下:
- 判断当前是否在卸载servlet,否则抛出异常
- 判断是否已经实例化,如果没有则在同步代码中,调用loadServlet()方法实例化,更新Servlet被启用的次数
- 针对singleThreadModel此类的servlet单独处理,每次请求过程都会生成一个新的实例，实例会被加到servlet对象池中
/**
* Allocate an initialized instance of this Servlet that is ready to have
* its <code>service()</code> method called. If the servlet class does not
* implement <code>SingleThreadModel</code>, the (only) initialized instance
* may be returned immediately. If the servlet class implements
* <code>SingleThreadModel</code>, the Wrapper implementation must ensure
* that this instance is not allocated again until it is deallocated by a
* call to <code>deallocate()</code>.
*
* @exception ServletException
* if the servlet init() method threw an exception
* @exception ServletException
* if a loading error occurs
*/
public Servlet allocate() throws ServletException {
// If we are currently unloading this servlet, throw an exception
if (unloading)
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.unloading", getName()));
boolean newInstance = false;
// If not SingleThreadedModel, return the same instance every time
if (!singleThreadModel) {
// Load and initialize our instance if necessary
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (instance == null) {
try {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Allocating non-STM instance");
instance = loadServlet();
// For non-STM, increment here to prevent a race
// condition with unload. Bug 43683, test case #3
if (!singleThreadModel) {
newInstance = true;
countAllocated.incrementAndGet();
}
} catch (ServletException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new ServletException(
sm.getString("standardWrapper.allocate"), e);
}
}
}
}
if (!singleThreadModel) {
if (log.isTraceEnabled())
log.trace(" Returning non-STM instance");
// For new instances, count will have been incremented at the
// time of creation
if (!newInstance) {
countAllocated.incrementAndGet();
}
return (instance);
}
}
synchronized (instancePool) {
while (countAllocated.get() >= nInstances) {
// Allocate a new instance if possible, or else wait
if (nInstances < maxInstances) {
try {
instancePool.push(loadServlet());
nInstances++;
} catch (ServletException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new ServletException(
sm.getString("standardWrapper.allocate"), e);
}
} else {
try {
instancePool.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
;
}
}
}
if (log.isTraceEnabled())
log.trace(" Returning allocated STM instance");
countAllocated.incrementAndGet();
return (Servlet) instancePool.pop();
}
}
这个方法真实目的是获取StandardWrapper包装后的Servlet类实例,有获取状态Servlet的方法，那么回收Servlet的方法就由deallocate(Servlet)来完成，它的任务也很简单，就是将已经分配的Servlet个数减一.
deallocate(Servlet)
方法负责"回收"Servlet,只做了一件事:
- 将分配Servlet记录数减一(对于singleThreadModel需要从Servlet对象池中移除然后计数减一)
/**
* Return this previously allocated servlet to the pool of available
* instances. If this servlet class does not implement SingleThreadModel, no
* action is actually required.
*
* @param servlet
* The servlet to be returned
*
* @exception ServletException
* if a deallocation error occurs
*/
public void deallocate(Servlet servlet) throws ServletException {
// If not SingleThreadModel, no action is required
if (!singleThreadModel) {
countAllocated.decrementAndGet();
return;
}
// Unlock and free this instance
synchronized (instancePool) {
countAllocated.decrementAndGet();
instancePool.push(servlet);
instancePool.notify();
}
}
在了解StandardWrapper如何将servlet类文件加载到JVM并实例化后，接下来就需要了解加载控制流程了，StandardWrapper利用load()方法来控制servlet的初始化工作，在load()方法中只做了一件事:调用loadServlet()方法. load()
Servlet类在实例化用完之后，在一定的timeout过了之后，就需要清理相当于已经废弃的Servlet所占用的宝贵内存空间,unload()方法负责完成这个功能，下面看一下unload()方法如何完成.
unload()
负责卸载清除Servlet所占用的内存空间,释放所占用资源。流程无非就是事件通知，标记状态，卸载Servlet，详细如下：
- 判断Servlet是singleThreadModel且instance实例不为空则继续
- 标记unloading为真,防止在请求allocate()方法时分配一个不可靠的servlet
- 循环等待所有与给Servlet有关的任务完成(判断分配计算是否为0)
- 触发BEFORE_DESTROY_EVENT事件，调用servlet.destory()方法，通知servlet释放资源
- 若为singleThreadModel类型，则需要清除占用的对象池
- 标记unloading为假，触发unload事件
/**
* Unload all initialized instances of this servlet, after calling the
* <code>destroy()</code> method for each instance. This can be used, for
* example, prior to shutting down the entire servlet engine, or prior to
* reloading all of the classes from the Loader associated with our Loader's
* repository.
*
* @exception ServletException
* if an exception is thrown by the destroy() method
*/
public synchronized void unload() throws ServletException {
// Nothing to do if we have never loaded the instance
if (!singleThreadModel && (instance == null))
return;
unloading = true;
// Loaf a while if the current instance is allocated
// (possibly more than once if non-STM)
if (countAllocated.get() > 0) {
int nRetries = 0;
long delay = unloadDelay / 20;
while ((nRetries < 21) && (countAllocated.get() > 0)) {
if ((nRetries % 10) == 0) {
log.info(sm.getString("standardWrapper.waiting",
countAllocated.toString()));
}
try {
Thread.sleep(delay);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
;
}
nRetries++;
}
}
PrintStream out = System.out;
if (swallowOutput) {
SystemLogHandler.startCapture();
}
// Call the servlet destroy() method
try {
instanceSupport.fireInstanceEvent(
InstanceEvent.BEFORE_DESTROY_EVENT, instance);
if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) {
try {
SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege("destroy", instance);
} finally {
SecurityUtil.remove(instance);
}
} else {
instance.destroy();
}
instanceSupport.fireInstanceEvent(
InstanceEvent.AFTER_DESTROY_EVENT, instance);
// Annotation processing
if (!((Context) getParent()).getIgnoreAnnotations()) {
((StandardContext) getParent()).getAnnotationProcessor()
.preDestroy(instance);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
instanceSupport.fireInstanceEvent(
InstanceEvent.AFTER_DESTROY_EVENT, instance, t);
instance = null;
instancePool = null;
nInstances = 0;
fireContainerEvent("unload", this);
unloading = false;
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.destroyException", getName()), t);
} finally {
// Write captured output
if (swallowOutput) {
String log = SystemLogHandler.stopCapture();
if (log != null && log.length() > 0) {
if (getServletContext() != null) {
getServletContext().log(log);
} else {
out.println(log);
}
}
}
}
// Deregister the destroyed instance
instance = null;
if (singleThreadModel && (instancePool != null)) {
try {
while (!instancePool.isEmpty()) {
Servlet s = (Servlet) instancePool.pop();
if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) {
try {
SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege("destroy", s);
} finally {
SecurityUtil.remove(s);
}
} else {
s.destroy();
}
// Annotation processing
if (!((Context) getParent()).getIgnoreAnnotations()) {
((StandardContext) getParent())
.getAnnotationProcessor().preDestroy(s);
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
instancePool = null;
nInstances = 0;
unloading = false;
fireContainerEvent("unload", this);
throw new ServletException(sm.getString(
"standardWrapper.destroyException", getName()), t);
}
instancePool = null;
nInstances = 0;
}
singleThreadModel = false;
unloading = false;
fireContainerEvent("unload", this);
}
看完源码后发现这个方法对于是singleThreadModel标记的Servlet才有效，其他无效,坑爹.loadServlet()在加载servlet类时需要验证类对象类型是否为允许类型,isServletAllowed(Object)方法完成这个功能，做法很简单，判断父类类型. isServletAllowed(Object)
在了解StandardWrapper如何装载实例化后Servlet,作为容器组件,StandardWrapper调用start()方法来激活组件。
start()
负责激活StandardWrapper组件，使之可用，在start()中，简单调用super.start()即完成。
/**
* Start this component, pre-loading the servlet if the load-on-startup
* value is set appropriately.
*
* @exception LifecycleException
* if a fatal error occurs during startup
*/
public void start() throws LifecycleException {
// Send j2ee.state.starting notification
if (this.getObjectName() != null) {
Notification notification = new Notification("j2ee.state.starting",
this.getObjectName(), sequenceNumber++);
broadcaster.sendNotification(notification);
}
// Start up this component
super.start();
if (oname != null)
registerJMX((StandardContext) getParent());
// Load and initialize an instance of this servlet if requested
// MOVED TO StandardContext START() METHOD
setAvailable(0L);
// Send j2ee.state.running notification
if (this.getObjectName() != null) {
Notification notification = new Notification("j2ee.state.running",
this.getObjectName(), sequenceNumber++);
broadcaster.sendNotification(notification);
}
}
StandardWrapper使用stop()方法来完成销毁自身的功能。stop()方法中比start()的功能多了一个，就是调用unload()方法清理singleThreadModel标记的servlet对象集合。
stop()
销毁StandardWrapper，清理servlet对象实例，停止组件.
/**
* Stop this component, gracefully shutting down the servlet if it has been
* initialized.
*
* @exception LifecycleException
* if a fatal error occurs during shutdown
*/
public void stop() throws LifecycleException {
setAvailable(Long.MAX_VALUE);
// Send j2ee.state.stopping notification
if (this.getObjectName() != null) {
Notification notification = new Notification("j2ee.state.stopping",
this.getObjectName(), sequenceNumber++);
broadcaster.sendNotification(notification);
}
// Shut down our servlet instance (if it has been initialized)
try {
unload();
} catch (ServletException e) {
getServletContext().log(
sm.getString("standardWrapper.unloadException", getName()),
e);
}
// Shut down this component
super.stop();
// Send j2ee.state.stoppped notification
if (this.getObjectName() != null) {
Notification notification = new Notification("j2ee.state.stopped",
this.getObjectName(), sequenceNumber++);
broadcaster.sendNotification(notification);
}
if (oname != null) {
Registry.getRegistry(null, null).unregisterComponent(oname);
// Send j2ee.object.deleted notification
Notification notification = new Notification("j2ee.object.deleted",
this.getObjectName(), sequenceNumber++);
broadcaster.sendNotification(notification);
}
if (isJspServlet && jspMonitorON != null) {
Registry.getRegistry(null, null).unregisterComponent(jspMonitorON);
}
}
以上是StandardWrapper包装Servlet的详细过程，负责装载Servlet到JVM中，并实例化Servlet使之可用，如果然后维护管理Servlet对象实例，包括分配Servlet对象和回收Servlet对象。StandardWrapper作为tomcat容器组件中最小的容器，它能共享它父容器的资源容器.
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