1.队列和主题
1.1概念
在MQ中,消息模型有两种,一种是队列(Queue),一种是主题(Topic)。队列是Point-To-Point的,队列中的消息,仅能被消费一次。主题是Pub/Sub模型,主题中的消息,可以由多个订阅者消费;订阅者只能消费它订阅以后的消息。这是遵循的JMS规范。
1.2收发消息对象创建过程
如上图所示,JMS规范中,收发消息的对象创建过程如下,下面的示例代码中也将注释这些过程:
1. 初始化ConnetionFactory
2. ConnetionFactory创建Connection
3. Connection创建Session
4. Session创建Destination(包括Queue 和 Topic两种)
5.发: Session创建消息生产者MessageProducer(收:Session创建消息消费者MessageConsumer)
6.Seesion创建Message,(发:)MessageProducer发送到Destination,(收:)MessageConsumer从Destination接受消息。
1.3接口间的关系
JMS规范定义了通用接口(JMS Common Interfaces)、队列接口(PTP-specific Interfaces)和 主题接口(Pub/Sub-specific Interfaces),队列接口和主题接口分别继承于通用接口,具体关系如下表所示。
ActiveMQ对这些规范接口都有相应的实现。在实际的编程过程中,声明通用接口基本就够用了。如何区分Queue和Topic也很简单,参看下面的代码。
//Queue,队列
Destination destination = session.createQueue(subject);
//Topic,主题
Destination destination = session.createTopic(subject);
2.通过队列发送和接受消息
运行代码的时候,可以先run起来接受消息的程序,再run发送消息的程序,来观察消息发送的过程。
别忘记启动ActiveMQ服务器,安装部署和启动的办法,参见http://my.oschina.net/xiaoxishan/blog/380352
2.1通过Queue发送消息
package guo.examples.mq01.queue;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
/**
* 演示如何向MQ发送消息,和JDBC操作数据库的过程很像
*
* 1.初始化连接工厂ConnectionFactory
*
* 2.创建连接Connection
*
* 3. 创建会话session
*
* 4.打开队列createQueue
*
* 5.获得消息生产者MessageProducer
*
* 6.使用消息生产者发送消息
*
* 7. 关闭会话session和连接Connection
*
* 可以看出,使用JMS发送一个这么简单的消息,需要这么多的步骤,不方便。
*
*/
public class Sender {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Sender sender = new Sender();
String msg = "Hello World!";
sender.sendMessage(msg);
System.out.println("发送消息结束:" + msg);
}
/**
* 使用JMS向MQ发送消息
*
* @param msg 消息内容
*/
public void sendMessage(String msg) {
// defualt user & password both are null
String user = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;
String password = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
// DEFAULT_BROKER_URL =failover://tcp://localhost:61616
String url = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;
String subject = "TOOL.DEFAULT";
// 1. 初始化连接工厂
ConnectionFactory contectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(user, password, url);
try {
// 2. 创建连接
Connection connection = contectionFactory.createConnection();
connection.start();
// 3.创建会话
Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
// 4. 打开队列
Destination destination = session.createQueue(subject);
// 5. MessageProducer负责发送消息
MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
String tmp = i + ":" + msg;
message.setStringProperty("hello", tmp);
// 6. 发送消息
producer.send(message);
System.out.println("send: " + tmp);
Thread.sleep(3000);
//只有commit之后,消息才会进入队列
session.commit();
}
// 7. 关闭会话和连接
session.close();
connection.close();
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2.2通过Queue接受消息
package guo.examples.mq01.queue;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
/**
* 演示如何从MQ接受消息,和发送差不多
*
* 1.初始化连接工厂ConnectionFactory
*
* 2.创建连接Connection
*
* 3. 创建会话session
*
* 4.打开队列createQueue
*
* 5.获得消息消费者MessageConsumer
*
* 6.使用MessageConsumer接受消息
*
* 7. 关闭会话session和连接Connection
*
*/
public class Receiver {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String user = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;
String password = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
String url = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;
String subject = "TOOL.DEFAULT";
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(user, password, url);
Connection connection;
try {
connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
connection.start();
final Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Destination destination = session.createQueue(subject);
// MessageConsumer负责接受消息
MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination);
consumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
public void onMessage(Message msg) {
TextMessage message = (TextMessage) msg;
try {
String hello = message.getStringProperty("hello");
System.out.println("收到消息:\t" + hello);
session.commit();
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
// 为了演示接受消息,这里把关闭会话和连接注释掉了。
// session.close();
// connection.close();
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.通过Topic发布和订阅消息
为了使订阅者能够订阅消息,在运行程序时,需要先运行订阅者(Subscriber),后运行发布者(Publisher)。
3.1通过Topic发布消息
package guo.examples.mq01.topic;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
/**
* 演示如何向MQ发送消息,和JDBC操作数据库的过程很像
*
* 1.初始化连接工厂ConnectionFactory
*
* 2.创建连接Connection
*
* 3. 创建会话session
*
* 4.创建topic
*
* 5.获得消息生产者MessageProducer
*
* 6.使用消息生产者发送消息
*
* 7. 关闭会话session和连接Connection
*
* 只有那些在线的订阅者可以收到消息,所以我们需要先启动Subscriber
*
*/
public class Publisher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Publisher pb = new Publisher();
String msg = "Hello World!~~~~~";
pb.sendMessage(msg);
System.out.println("发送消息结束:" + msg);
}
/**
* 使用JMS向MQ发送消息
*
* @param msg 消息内容
*/
public void sendMessage(String msg) {
// defualt user & password both are null
String user = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;
String password = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
// DEFAULT_BROKER_URL =failover://tcp://localhost:61616
String url = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;
String subject = "MQ.TOPIC";
// 1. 初始化连接工厂
ConnectionFactory contectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(user, password, url);
try {
// 2. 创建连接
Connection connection = contectionFactory.createConnection();
connection.start();
// 3.创建会话
Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
// 4. 创建要发布的主题,和Queue的区别就在此
Destination destination = session.createTopic(subject);
// 5. MessageProducer负责发送消息
MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage();
message.setStringProperty("hello", msg);
// 6. 发送消息
producer.send(message);
// 7. 关闭会话和连接
session.commit();
session.close();
connection.close();
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.2通过Topic订阅消息
这里我们只有1个订阅者,想要验证多个订阅者,拷贝多份代码,改个类名即可。再次提醒,先运行订阅者。
package guo.examples.mq01.topic;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.jms.Topic;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
/**
* 演示如何从MQ接受消息,和发送差不多
*
* 1.初始化连接工厂ConnectionFactory
*
* 2.创建连接Connection
*
* 3. 创建会话session
*
* 4.打开队列createQueue
*
* 5.获得消息消费者MessageConsumer
*
* 6.使用MessageConsumer接受消息
*
* 7. 关闭会话session和连接Connection
*
*/
public class Subscriber {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String user = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;
String password = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
String url = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;
String subject = "MQ.TOPIC";
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(user, password, url);
Connection connection;
try {
connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
connection.start();
final Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Topic topic = session.createTopic(subject);
// MessageConsumer负责接受消息
MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topic);
consumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
public void onMessage(Message msg) {
TextMessage message = (TextMessage) msg;
try {
String hello = message.getStringProperty("hello");
System.out.println("订阅者---SecondSubscriber---收到消息:\t" + hello);
session.commit();
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
// 为了测试效果,注释掉了两行代码,使Session和connection一直处于打开状态
//session.close();
//connection.close();
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4.总结和代码地址
向ActiveMQ收发消息的编码过程和JDBC操作数据库的过程很相似,也有同样的毛病,就是重复代码很多,Spring-JMS为我们提供了更为便利的解决方案,我们后续再谈。
本文中的代码见 http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c02GTDQ 。