DHCP:动态主机配置协议<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

 

基于udp的 监听端口 客户端：68(dhclient)  服务端：67(dhcpd)

地址租约信息：/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

租约：

ip地址租约约定：ip用的租期的50%时客户端必须向服务器提出续约的请求，若失败则会用剩下的一半时间即75%再向服务器请求，一般到87.5%再请求不到ip会收回

 

 

进程为：dhcpd

配置文件：/etc/dhcpd.conf 

辅助配置文件：/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd

服务脚本: /etc/init.d/dhcpd start|stop|restart

 

样例配置文件：/usr/share/doc/dhcp-<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample

出现同一选项是以自由选项为准 作用范围小优先级高

配置DHCP服务器：

前提：

     关掉selinux

     虚拟机中关掉自身的dhcp

     网卡使用hostonly 配置其ip

配置文件：/etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;    dhcp支持的dns动态更新的方式

ignore client-updates;   不允许客户端更新dns记录

 

subnet 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

 

# --- default gateway

        option routers                  192.168.20.1;            网关

        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;

 

#       option nis-domain               "domain.org";               nis验证域名

        option domain-name              "example.com";              动态域名

        option domain-name-servers      100.100.10.1,200.200.20.2;  dns服务器

 

        option time-offset              -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

#       option ntp-servers              192.168.1.1;

#       option netbios-name-servers     192.168.1.1;

# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless

# -- you understand Netbios very well

#       option netbios-node-type 2;

 

        range  192.168.20.4 192.168.20.25;           允许分配的地址池

        default-lease-time 21600;                    租约时间

        max-lease-time 43200;                        租约最大时间

 

        # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address

        host ns {      主机ip的绑定

                hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:F5:29:21;   主机mac地址

                fixed-address 192.168.20.40;           主机ip

        }

}

       

默认监听每个网卡：0.0.0.0

监听特定网卡地址：/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd配置

                  DHCPDARGS=eth0

客户端动态获得地址：

dhclient eth0 

参数-d 测试会显示获得过程 ctrl +c 取消

要重新获得地址要killall dhclient

使用自己规定的dns服务器在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0    添加PEERDNS=no

 

定义地址类别：

            基于mac地址的

            基于操作系统的

class "vmware" {

                match if substring (hardware, 1, 3) = 00:0C:29;

}

 

class "microsoft-client" {

                     match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 3) = "MSFT";

                     option routers 192.168.0.254

                     

                      option domain-name-servers      100.100.10.1,200.200.20.2; 

}

    

       pool {

        allow members of "vmware";

        range 192.168.20.40 192.168.20.60;

 

        }

        pool {

        deny members of "vmware";

        deny members of "microsoft-client";

        range 192.168.20.100 192.168.20.120;

}

 

 

中继器代理的应用:实现不同网络段的ip的分配

/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay

INTERFACES="eth0 eth1" 实现网段的接口即网卡接口

DHCPSERCERS="192.168.20.5"  dhcp服务器地址

开启服务server dhcrelay restart

服务器的配置：/etc/dhcpd.conf 添加

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

        option routers 192.168.100.1;

        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

        range 192.168.100.60 192.168.100.70;

 

}