基于fcgi的LAMP试验环境及其原理
基于fcgI编译安装LAMP实现层次化
一：二进制源码安装Mysql
1.将数据存储在基于Raid5的逻辑卷中；
创建基于raid5的逻辑卷
1.1将磁盘格式化为raid卷
# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode isdeprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switchoff the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m forhelp): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (5224-15665, default5224):
Using defaultvalue 5224
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5224-15665, default15665): +10G
Command (m forhelp): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (6530-15665, default6530):
Using defaultvalue 6530
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (6530-15665, default15665): +20G
Command (m forhelp): n
First cylinder (6530-9141, default6530):
Using defaultvalue 6530
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (6530-9141, default9141): +10G
Command (m forhelp): n
First cylinder (7836-9141, default7836):
Using defaultvalue 7836
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (7836-9141, default9141): +10G
Command (m forhelp): t
Partition number (1-6): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 3to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m forhelp): t
Partition number (1-6): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 5to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m forhelp): t
Partition number (1-6): 6
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 6to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m forhelp): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed witherror 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The newtable will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
1.2.重读分区信息（在分区表中没有所见的分区信息需要重复kpartx和partx）
# kpartx -af /dev/sdb # partx -a /dev/sdb # cat /proc/partitions 验证
1.3 创建raid5
# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 5-c 32K -n 3/dev/sdb{3,5,6}
# mdadm -D /dev/md0 验证
1.4基于raid5创建逻辑卷，并开机自动挂载
# pvcreate /dev/md0 创建物理卷 Physical volume "/dev/md0"successfully created # vgcreate data /dev/md0 创建卷组 Volume group "data"successfully created # lvcreate -L 10G -n mydata data 创建逻辑卷 Logical volume "mydata"created # mkdir data 创建挂在点 # vim /etc/fstab 添加如下一行 自动挂载 /dev/data/mydata /data ext4 defaults 00 # mount -a # mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA /dev/data/mydata 创建ext4文件系统
2.通用二进制格式安装Mysql
2.1为Mysql数据库创建用户和组
# groupadd -r mysql # useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql # id mysql uid=496(mysql) gid=493(mysql) groups=493(mysql)
2.2下载二进制格式的源码包至本地，解压至/usr/local目录
# tar -xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ # cd /usr/local/
2.3 为mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686创建链接方便以后更新
# ln -sv mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686 mysql `mysql' -> `mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686'
2.4改变mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686目录Mysql数据目录下所有文件的属主和属组
# chown -R root:mysql mysql/*
# cd mysql
# ll
# mkdir /data/data 创建Mysql的数据目录
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/data
2.5初始化Mysql的系统库
# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/data/ --user=mysql
# chown -R mysql ./* 将该目录下的所有文件的属主改变为mysql
2.6为Mysql添加启动脚本
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
2.7为Mysql提供配置文件并对其进行如下修改
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# vim /etc/my.cnf
thread_concurrency = 4修改为cpu核心数的2倍
datadir=/data/data 添加一行为其指定数据目录
2.8 Mysql安装后的后续配置
# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
导出头文件
`/usr/include/mysql/include' -> `/usr/local/mysql/include/'
# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/">/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
导出库文件
# ldconfig
重读库文件
# ldconfig -p | grep "mysql"
libtcmalloc_minimal.so.0(libc6) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libtcmalloc_minimal.so.0
libmysqlclient_r.so.16(libc6) => /usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so.16
libmysqlclient.so.18(libc6) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18
libmysqlclient.so.16(libc6) => /usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16
libmysqlclient.so (libc6) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so
# echo '/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH'> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
导出二进止文件
# echo $PATH
/usr/lib/qt3.3/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
# vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man 导出man文档
2.9启动Mysql服务
# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL [ OK ]
二： 编译安装httpd-2.4.9
httpd-2.4.9依赖你较高版本的apr和apr-util，并且还依赖域pcre-devel开发编译安装之前首先将apr-1.5.0、apr-util-1.5.3和httpd-2.4.9的源码包下载至本地
1.解决编译安装httpd的依赖关系
# yum install -y prce-devel # yum groupinstall -y \"Development Tools\" # yum groupinstall -y \"Server Platform Development\"
2.编译安装apr-1.5.0
# tar xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2
# cd apr-1.5.0
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
# make
# make install
3.编译安装apr-util-1.5.3
# tar xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2 # cd apr-util-1.5.3 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr # make # make install
4.编译安装httpd-2.4.9（生产环境根据自己的需要启用所需要的选项）
# tar xf httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2 # cd httpd-2.4.9 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache 指定安装目录 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd 制定配置文件的目录 --enable-so 让apache核心装载DSO，但是不实际编译任何动态模块 --enable-ssl 启用ssl --enable-cgi 启用通用网关接口协议 --enable-rewrite 重写Apache重写功能 --with-zlib zlib库 --with-pcre 启用pcre库 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr 启用apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/ apr-util 启用apr-util --enables-modules=most 启用httpd常用的模块 --enable-mpms-shared=most 启用常用的mpm模块 --with-mpm=event 指定mpm工作模式为event # make # make install
5.编译安装httpd-2.4.9之后的配置
1提供服务启动脚本# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}
# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=6
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
# Force LSB behaviour from killproc
LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
failure $"httpd shutdown"
fi
fi
echo
}
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
force-reload|reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
RETVAL=2
esac
exit $RETVAL
2.为脚本添加可执行权限
/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
3.将Apache服务脚本添加服务列表
# chkconfig --add httpd
# chkconfig --list httpd
# chkconfig httpd on
4在/etc/httpd/httpd.conf配置文件中添加一行
PidFile "/var/run/httpd/httpd.pid"
5.导出二进制文件
# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
. /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
6.启动服务
# service httpd start
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
三：编译安装php-5.4.26
1.解决依赖关系
# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development"
# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel
# yum -y install zipb2-devel
2.解压至当前目录中，并切换至其目录下
# tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.4.26
3.编安装php-5.4.26 （生产环境根据自己的需要启用所需要的选项）
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php 指定安装目录 --with-mysql=mysqlnd 指定使用mysql --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd 启用pdo模块 --with-mysqli=mysqlnd 启用mysqli，优化支持 --with-openssl 启用openssl --enable-mbstring 启用多字节，支持字符串 --with-freetype-dir 启用对freetype字体库的支持 --with-jpeg-dir 启用对jpeg图片的支持 --with-png-dir 启用对png图片的支持 --with-zlib 启用对压缩库的支持 --with-libxml-dir=/usr 启用libxml2库的支持 --enable-xml 启用xml --enable-sockets 启用对套接字的支持 --enable-fpm 启用fpm模块 --with-mcrypt 启用对加密的支持 --with-config-file-path=/etc 指定编译安装时配置文件安装的路径 --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d 指定php.ini文件的安装路径 --with-bz2 启用b2压缩 --enable-maintainer-zts 启用对worker和event的支持 # make 编译php # make install 安装php
4.为php提供配置文件
# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
5.配置php-fpm
为php-fpm提供SysV init脚本，并将其添加至主服务列表中 # cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chkconfig --add php-fpm # chkconfig php-fpm on # chkconfig --list php-fpm
6.为php-fpm提供配置文件
# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
7.编辑php-fpm的配置文件
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值 pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 5 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 8 pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid 启用pid文件 可以启动php-fpm了： # service php-fpm start 来验正是否开启php-fpm # ps aux | grep php-fpm
四：配置httpd-2.4.9使其支持fcgi
1.启用httpd的相关模块在Apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现，此模块为：mod_proxy_fcgi.so，它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩充，因此，这两个模块都要加载
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 启用如下两个模块 LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
2. 编辑apache配置文件httpd.conf，让apache能识别php格式的页面，并支持php格式的主页
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# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
1
.定位至AddType添加如下两行
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
2
.定位至DirectoryIndex index.html 修改为：
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
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3.配置虚拟主机支持fcgi
注释掉中心主机:DocumentRoot 启用虚拟主机，编辑httpd.config将 #Include/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-dav.conf改为 Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-dav.conf 编辑/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-dav.conf启用虚拟主机支持fcgi # vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-dav.conf <virtualhost> ServerAdmin webadmin@www.a.magedu.com DocumentRoot \"/web/www.a.magedu.com/htdocs\" ServerName www.a.magedu.com ServerAlias www.a.magedu.com ErrorLog \"logs/a.magedu.com-error_log\" CustomLog \"logs/a.magedu.com-access_log\" combined <directory>options none Require all granted</directory>ProxyRequests Off ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\\.php)$ fcgi://172.16.19.2:9000/web/a.magedu.com/htdocs/$1</virtualhost><virtualhost>ServerAdmin webadmin@b.www.magedu.com DocumentRoot \"/web/b.www.magedu.com/htdocs\" ServerName www.b.magedu.com ServerAlias www.b.magedu.com ErrorLog \"logs/b.magedu.com-error_log\" CustomLog \"logs/b.magedu.com-access_log\" combined <directory>options none Require all granted</directory>ProxyRequests Off ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\\.php)$ fcgi://172.16.19.2:9000/web/b.magedu.com/htdocs/$1</virtualhost>
注意：
ProxyRequests Off：关闭正向代理
ProxyPassMatch：把以.php结尾的文件请求发送到php-fpm进程，php-fpm至少需要知道运
行 的目录和URI，所以这里直接在fcgi://172.16.19.2:9000后指明了这两个参数， 其它
的参数的传递已经被mod_proxy_fcgi.so进行了封装，不需要手动指定。
四：测试基于fcgi模式的LAMP环境
1.为www.a.magedu.com提供链接mysql的测试
2. 为www.b.magedu.com提供测试
4.基于fcgi模式的LAMP环境搭建成功
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/openlinuxfly/1386779
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