scrapy-splash抓取动态数据例子一
目前，为了加速页面的加载速度，页面的很多部分都是用JS生成的，而对于用scrapy爬虫来说就是一个很大的问题，因为scrapy没有JS engine，所以爬取的都是静态页面，对于JS生成的动态页面都无法获得
解决方案：
1、利用第三方中间件来提供JS渲染服务： scrapy-splash 等。
2、利用webkit或者基于webkit库
Splash是一个Javascript渲染服务。它是一个实现了HTTP API的轻量级浏览器，Splash是用Python实现的，同时使用Twisted和QT。Twisted（QT）用来让服务具有异步处理能力，以发挥webkit的并发能力。
下面就来讲一下如何使用scrapy-splash：
1、利用pip安装scrapy-splash库：
2、pip install scrapy-splash
3、安装docker
scrapy-splash使用的是Splash HTTP API， 所以需要一个splash instance，一般采用docker运行splash，所以需要安装docker，具体参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/shaosks/p/6932319.html
4、启动docker
安装好后运行docker。docker成功安装后，有“Docker Quickstart Terminal”图标，双击他启动
5、拉取镜像(pull the image)：
$ docker pull scrapinghub/splash
这样就正式启动了。
6、用docker运行scrapinghub/splash服务：
$ docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash
首次启动会比较慢，加载一些东西，多次启动会出现以下信息 
这时要关闭当前窗口，然后在进程管理器里面关闭一些进程重新打开 
重新打开Docker Quickstart Terminal，然后输入：
docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash
7、配置splash服务（以下操作全部在settings.py）：
1）添加splash服务器地址：
2）将splash middleware添加到DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARE中： 
3)Enable SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware: 
4)Set a custom DUPEFILTER_CLASS: 
5)a custom cache storage backend: 
8、正式抓取 该例子是抓取京东某个手机产品的详细信息，地址：https://item.jd.com/2600240.html
如下图：框住的信息是要榨取的内容
对应的html
1、京东价：
抓取代码：prices = site.xpath('//span[@class="p-price"]/span/text()')
2、促销
抓取代码：cxs = site.xpath('//div[@class="J-prom-phone-jjg"]/em/text()')
3、增值业务
抓取代码：value_addeds =site.xpath('//ul[@class="choose-support lh"]/li/a/span/text()')
4、重量
抓取代码：quality = site.xpath('//div[@id="summary-weight"]/div[2]/text()')
5、选择颜色
抓取代码：colors = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-attr-1"]/div[2]/div/@title')
6、选择版本
抓取代码：versions = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-attr-2"]/div[2]/div/@data-value')
7、购买方式
抓取代码：buy_style = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-type"]/div[2]/div/a/text()')
8、套 装
抓取代码：suits = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-suits"]/div[2]/div/a/text()')
9、增值保障
抓取代码：vaps = site.xpath('//div[@class="yb-item-cat"]/div[1]/span[1]/text()')
10、白条分期
抓取代码：stagings = site.xpath('//div[@class="baitiao-list J-baitiao-list"]/div[@class="item"]/a/strong/text()')
9、运行splash服务 在抓取之前首先要启动splash服务，命令：docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash，
点击“Docker Quickstart Terminal” 图标
10、运行scrapy crawl scrapy_splash
11、抓取数据
12、完整源代码
1、SplashSpider
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy import Request
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest
from scrapy_splash import SplashMiddleware
from scrapy.http import Request, HtmlResponse
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest
from splash_test.items import SplashTestItem
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
sys.stdout = open('output.txt', 'w')
class SplashSpider(Spider):
name = 'scrapy_splash'
start_urls = [
'https://item.jd.com/2600240.html'
]
# request需要封装成SplashRequest
def start_requests(self):
for url in self.start_urls:
yield SplashRequest(url
, self.parse
, args={'wait': '0.5'}
# ,endpoint='render.json'
)
def parse(self, response):
# 本文只抓取一个京东链接，此链接为京东商品页面，价格参数是ajax生成的。会把页面渲染后的html存在html.txt
# 如果想一直抓取可以使用CrawlSpider，或者把下面的注释去掉
site = Selector(response)
it_list = []
it = SplashTestItem()
#京东价
# prices = site.xpath('//span[@class="price J-p-2600240"]/text()')
# it['price']= prices[0].extract()
# print '京东价：'+ it['price']
prices = site.xpath('//span[@class="p-price"]/span/text()')
it['price'] = prices[0].extract()+ prices[1].extract()
print '京东价：' + it['price']
# 促 销
cxs = site.xpath('//div[@class="J-prom-phone-jjg"]/em/text()')
strcx = ''
for cx in cxs:
strcx += str(cx.extract())+' '
it['promotion'] = strcx
print '促销:%s '% strcx
# 增值业务
value_addeds =site.xpath('//ul[@class="choose-support lh"]/li/a/span/text()')
strValueAdd =''
for va in value_addeds:
strValueAdd += str(va.extract())+' '
print '增值业务:%s ' % strValueAdd
it['value_add'] = strValueAdd
# 重量
quality = site.xpath('//div[@id="summary-weight"]/div[2]/text()')
print '重量:%s ' % str(quality[0].extract())
it['quality']=quality[0].extract()
#选择颜色
colors = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-attr-1"]/div[2]/div/@title')
strcolor = ''
for color in colors:
strcolor += str(color.extract()) + ' '
print '选择颜色:%s ' % strcolor
it['color'] = strcolor
# 选择版本
versions = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-attr-2"]/div[2]/div/@data-value')
strversion = ''
for ver in versions:
strversion += str(ver.extract()) + ' '
print '选择版本:%s ' % strversion
it['version'] = strversion
# 购买方式
buy_style = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-type"]/div[2]/div/a/text()')
print '购买方式:%s ' % str(buy_style[0].extract())
it['buy_style'] = buy_style[0].extract()
# 套装
suits = site.xpath('//div[@id="choose-suits"]/div[2]/div/a/text()')
strsuit = ''
for tz in suits:
strsuit += str(tz.extract()) + ' '
print '套装:%s ' % strsuit
it['suit'] = strsuit
# 增值保障
vaps = site.xpath('//div[@class="yb-item-cat"]/div[1]/span[1]/text()')
strvaps = ''
for vap in vaps:
strvaps += str(vap.extract()) + ' '
print '增值保障:%s ' % strvaps
it['value_add_protection'] = strvaps
# 白条分期
stagings = site.xpath('//div[@class="baitiao-list J-baitiao-list"]/div[@class="item"]/a/strong/text()')
strstaging = ''
for st in stagings:
ststr =str(st.extract())
strstaging += ststr.strip() + ' '
print '白天分期:%s ' % strstaging
it['staging'] = strstaging
it_list.append(it)
return it_list
2、SplashTestItem
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class SplashTestItem(scrapy.Item):
#单价
price = scrapy.Field()
# description = Field()
#促销
promotion = scrapy.Field()
#增值业务
value_add = scrapy.Field()
#重量
quality = scrapy.Field()
#选择颜色
color = scrapy.Field()
#选择版本
version = scrapy.Field()
#购买方式
buy_style=scrapy.Field()
#套装
suit =scrapy.Field()
#增值保障
value_add_protection = scrapy.Field()
#白天分期
staging = scrapy.Field()
# post_view_count = scrapy.Field()
# post_comment_count = scrapy.Field()
# url = scrapy.Field()
3、SplashTestPipeline
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import codecs
import json
class SplashTestPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
# self.file = open('data.json', 'wb')
self.file = codecs.open(
'spider.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
# self.file = codecs.open(
# 'spider.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
def process_item(self, item, spider):
line = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
self.file.write(line)
return item
def spider_closed(self, spider):
self.file.close()
4、settings.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for splash_test project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'splash_test.pipelines.SplashTestPipeline':300
}
BOT_NAME = 'splash_test'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['splash_test.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'splash_test.spiders'
SPLASH_URL = 'http://192.168.99.100:8050'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'splash_test (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
}
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy_splash.SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware': 100,
}
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter'
HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage'
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'splash_test.middlewares.SplashTestSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'splash_test.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
# 'splash_test.pipelines.SplashTestPipeline': 300,
#}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
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