在Wiki上,折返例如,下面的定义(接)
In computing, a computer program or subroutine is called reentrant if it can be interrupted in the middle of its execution and then safely called again ("re-entered") before its previous invocations complete execution. The interruption could be caused by an internal action such as a jump or call, or by an external action such as a hardware interrupt or signal. Once the reentered invocation completes, the previous invocations will resume correct execution.
显然。定义里面并没有强调必须是多线程,并且wiki上也进一步说明了一个事实
This definition originates from single-threaded programming environments where the flow of control could be interrupted by a hardware interrupt and transferred to an interrupt service routine (ISR).
我们再来看看线程安全的wiki定义(具体链接)
Thread safety is a computer programming concept applicable in the context of multi-threaded programs. A piece of code is thread-safe if it only manipulates shared data structures in a manner that guarantees safe execution by multiple threads at the same time. There are various strategies for making thread-safe data structures.
这里强调了运行的上下文必须为多线程环境。
从以上两个概念的定义我们能够看到。可重入并不一定是线程安全,线程安全也并不一定是可重入的。在这里,能够举两个样例来说明
首先,是一个可重入但不是线程安全的样例。
下面代码段里。把局部变量s保留了全局变量t的状态,可以在中断发生之后恢复原来运行状态。符合可重入的定义。但非常明显。因为无法确保全局数据的一致性(没加锁)。因此不是线程安全
int t;
void swap(int *x, int *y)
{
int s;
s = t; // save global variable
t = *x;
*x = *y;
// hardware interrupt might invoke isr() here!
*y = t;
t = s; // restore global variable
}
void isr()
{
int x = 1, y = 2;
swap(&x, &y);
}
然后是一个线程安全但不是可重入的样例。因为对静态变量counter的訪问之前都相互排斥锁进行同步,因此是线程安全的。但假设获取了相互排斥锁,没有释放锁的过程里。发生了中断,这时候假设在中断里再次调用函数,则会发生死锁。因此不是可重入的。
#include <pthread.h>
int increment_counter ()
{
static int counter = 0;
static pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
// only allow one thread to increment at a time
++counter;
// store value before any other threads increment it further
int result = counter;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
return result;
}
由以上两个样例里,更加清晰地说明了两者之间并不一定相互决定的关系。一般来说,实现可重入要注意在函数运行过程中。假设要保存运行进度的状态,要考虑把状态保存到局部变量(栈),TLS。不能保存在全局或者静态变量,另外还要注意不能调用其他不可重入的函数。
最后。经过在网络上的一些调查搜索,发现了部分人对可重入有第二种理解。
简单来说,就是可重入也包含多线程的情况,也就是说当单一线程在函数运行过程中。会保证当另外线程运行的正确性。
也就是可重入包含了对单线程的重入和多线程的重入,显然后者有更强的限定性,同时也保证线程安全。
版权声明:本文博客原创文章,博客,未经同意,不得转载。