一、keepalived的基本介绍
1、keepalivd的核心功能就是在linux系统上通过vrrp协议实现LVS的高可用。
2、vrrp协议（虚拟冗余路由协议）可以将多个网关虚拟成一个网关，同时一组IP虚拟成VIP，及其MAC地址可以同时虚拟化。
3、keepalived通过vrrp协议能够很好实现故障转移，避免单点故障发生，主节点服务故障时，备节点能够取代主节点继续提供服务。当故障节点恢复正常后，能自动将此节点加入到服务中。
4、vrrp协议状态机制
5、keepalived服务的安装，基于Centos6.4的实验环境，直接使用1.2.7版本的rpm包安装keepalived。
6、keepalived的主配置文件 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
keepalived的服务脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
二、keepalived的配置文件
1、全局配置段
GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
定义邮件收发，静态路由
2、keepalived的vrpp实例配置段
VRRPD CONFIGURATION
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.200.16
192.168.200.17
192.168.200.18
}
}
虚拟路由的配置实例为核心配置段
3、keepalived的LVS虚拟服务器配置段
LVS CONFIGURATION
virtual_server 192.168.200.100 443 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind NAT
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.201.100 443 {
weight 1
SSL_GET {
url {
path /
digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc
}
url {
path /mrtg/
digest 9b3a0c85a887a256d6939da88aabd8cd
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
三、keepalived实现LVS的高可用的准备环境
1、准备三个节点 ms/node1/node2。
2、在节点ms安装ansible服务，实现节点node1/node2的互信。
[root@ms ~]# yum -y install ansible [root@ms ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' [root@ms ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id.rsa.pub root@node1.xiaozheng.com [root@ms ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id.rsa.pub root@node2.xiaozheng.com
3、在节点node1/node2上安装keepalived服务。
[root@ms ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "yum -y install keepalived"
4、去节点node1/node2查看keepalived的配置。
[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived [root@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf [root@node2 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived [root@node2 keepalivd]# vim keepalived.conf
5、另启动node1/node2的终端开启日志通知，随时检测。
[root@node1 ~]# tail -f /var/log/message [root@node2 ~]# tail -f /var/log/message
四、keepalived如何实现在状态转换时的通知
1、通知位置
vrrp_sync_group {
}
最常用的位置
vrrp_instance {
}
1）先定义一下全局配置段
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from msadmin@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
2）定义相关控制机制
vrrp_script chk_main {
script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1
weight -2
}
3）接着定义vrrp实例段
节点node1的vrrp实例段配置
[root@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 63
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.200.100
}
track_script {
chk_main
}
节点node2vrrp实例段配置
[root@node2 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 63
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.200.100
}
track_script {
chk_main
}
2、通知方式
notify_master 主节点通知
notify_backup 备节点通知
notify_fault 故障点通知
4）在实例中可以定义使用notify.sh脚本控制通知方式
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master" notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup" notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
* notify.sh实例脚本
#!/bin/bash
# Author: MageEdu <linuxedu@foxmail.com>
# description: An example of notify script
vip=172.16.200.100
contact='root@localhost'
notify() {
mailsubject="`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody="`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
}
case "$1" in
master)
notify master
exit 0
;;
backup)
notify backup
exit 0
;;
fault)
notify fault
exit 0
;;
*)
echo 'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'
exit 1
;;
esac
5）在节点ms上重启node1/node2节点的keepalived服务并查看virtual_ipaddress所在节点
[root@ms ~]# ansible all -a "service keepalived restart" [root@ms ~]# ansible alol -m shell -a "ip addr show | grep eth0"
6）在主节点node1上编译down文件，实现单点故障使virtual_ipaddress从主节点node1转移到node2上去，并在节点ms查看节点之间VIP转移状况
[root@node1 keepalived]# touch down [root@ms ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "ip addr show | grep eth0"
7) 恢复主节点node2，再次查看VIP的转移状况
[root@node1 keepalived]# rm -rf down [root@ms ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "ip addr show | grep eth0"
五、如何配置ipvs
核心配置段为 virtual server 定义虚拟主机
1、virtual_server IP port 定义虚拟主机IP地址及其端口
2、virtual_server fwmark int ipvs的防火墙打标，实现基于防火墙的LVS
3、virtual_server group string
4、lb_algo {rr|wrr|lc|wlc|lblc|lblcr} 定义LVS的调度算法
5、lb_kind {NAT|DR|TUN} 定义LVS的模型
6、presitence_timeout <INT> 定义支持持久连接的时长
7、protocol ipvs规则所能支持的协议
1）在vrrp_server段配置ipvs的实例
主节点node1 vrrp_server中的ipvs配置
[root@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
virtual_server 172.16.200.100 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.0.0
persistence_timeout 0
protocol TCP
real_server 172.16.200.8 80{
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
备节点node2 vrrp_server中的ipvs配置
[root@node2 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
virtual_server 172.16.200.100 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.0.0
persistence_timeout 0
protocol TCP
real_server 172.16.200.9 80{
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
2）在节点ms上为node1/node2节点安装ipvsadm服务，并启动主备节点的httpd服务
[root@ms ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "yum -y install ipvsadm" [root@ms ~]# ansible all -a "service httpd start"
3) 去节点node1/node2上查看相关的ipvs规则
[root@node1 keepalived]# ipvsadm -L -n [root@node2 keepalived]# ipvsadm -L -n
六、对特定的服务做高可用
1、监控服务
vrrp_script {
}
2、在vrrp实例中追踪服务
track_script {
}
七、实现基于多虚拟路由的双master模型
要实现基于多虚拟路由的master/master模型，则需要定义多个 vrrp_intance段的配置。
1、配置节点node1上的vrrp_intance段，定义两个
[root@node1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 63
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.200.100
}
track_script {
chk_main
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 65
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 21112
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.200.200
}
track_srcipt {
chk_main
}
2、配置node2节点上vrrp_intance段，定义两个
[root@node2 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 63
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.200.100
}
track_script {
chk_main
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 65
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 21112
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.200.200
}
track_srcipt {
chk_main
}
3、使主节点node1的keepalived的服务停掉，在节点ms查看主备节点之间的VIP的转,同理使备节点node2的keepalived的服务停掉并使node1的keepalived的服务启动，于节点ms上查看主备节点之间VIP的转移。
[root@node1 keepalived]# servive keepalived stop [root@ms ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "ip addr show | grep eth0" [root@node2 keepalived]# servive keepalived stop [root@node1 keepalived]# servive keepalived start [root@ms ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "ip addr show | grep eth0"
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/zhengliyang/1301861
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