嵌入式Linux之我行,主要讲述和总结了本人在学习嵌入式linux中的每个步骤。一为总结经验,二希望能给想入门嵌入式Linux的朋友提供方便。如有错误之处,谢请指正。
一、移植环境
主 机:VMWare--Fedora 9
开发板:Mini2440--64MB Nand
编译器:arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2
二、移植步骤
1. 准备驱动源码。因为linux-2.6.30.4内核中没有提供合适的ADC驱动和触摸屏驱动,所以这里就直接用友善提供的驱动
s3c24xx-adc.h
#ifndef _S3C2410_ADC_H_
#define _S3C2410_ADC_H_
#define ADC_WRITE(ch, prescale) ((ch)<<16|(prescale))
#define ADC_WRITE_GETCH(data) (((data)>>16)&0x7)
#define ADC_WRITE_GETPRE(data) ((data)&0xff)
#endif /* _S3C2410_ADC_H_ */
mini2440_adc.c#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "s3c24xx-adc.h"
#undef DEBUG//#define DEBUG
#ifdef DEBUG
#define DPRINTK(x...) {printk(__FUNCTION__"(%d): ",__LINE__);printk(##x);}
#else
#define DPRINTK(x...) (void)(0)
#endif
#define DEVICE_NAME "adc"
static void __iomem *base_addr;
typedef struct {
wait_queue_head_t wait;
int channel;
int prescale;
}ADC_DEV;
DECLARE_MUTEX(ADC_LOCK);
static int OwnADC = 0;
static ADC_DEV adcdev;
static volatile int ev_adc = 0;
static int adc_data;
static struct clk *adc_clock;
#define ADCCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)(base_addr + S3C2410_ADCCON))//ADC control
#define ADCTSC (*(volatile unsigned long *)(base_addr + S3C2410_ADCTSC))//ADC touch screen control
#define ADCDLY (*(volatile unsigned long *)(base_addr + S3C2410_ADCDLY))//ADC start or Interval Delay
#define ADCDAT0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)(base_addr + S3C2410_ADCDAT0))//ADC conversion data 0
#define ADCDAT1 (*(volatile unsigned long *)(base_addr + S3C2410_ADCDAT1))//ADC conversion data 1
#define ADCUPDN (*(volatile unsigned long *)(base_addr + 0x14))//Stylus Up/Down interrupt status
#define PRESCALE_DIS (0 << 14)
#define PRESCALE_EN (1 << 14)
#define PRSCVL(x) ((x) << 6)
#define ADC_INPUT(x) ((x) << 3)
#define ADC_START (1 << 0)
#define ADC_ENDCVT (1 << 15)
#define START_ADC_AIN(ch, prescale) \
do{ \
ADCCON = PRESCALE_EN | PRSCVL(prescale) | ADC_INPUT((ch)) ; \
ADCCON |= ADC_START; \
}while(0)
static irqreturn_t adcdone_int_handler(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
if (OwnADC) {
adc_data = ADCDAT0 & 0x3ff;
ev_adc = 1;
wake_up_interruptible(&adcdev.wait);
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static ssize_t s3c2410_adc_read(struct file *filp, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
char str[20];
int value;
size_t len;
if (down_trylock(&ADC_LOCK) == 0) {
OwnADC = 1;
START_ADC_AIN(adcdev.channel, adcdev.prescale);
wait_event_interruptible(adcdev.wait, ev_adc);
ev_adc = 0;
DPRINTK("AIN[%d] = 0x%04x, %d\n", adcdev.channel, adc_data, ADCCON & 0x80 ? 1:0);
value = adc_data;
sprintf(str,"%5d", adc_data);
copy_to_user(buffer, (char *)&adc_data, sizeof(adc_data));
OwnADC = 0;
up(&ADC_LOCK);
} else {
value = -1;
}
len = sprintf(str, "%d\n", value);
if (count >= len) {
int r = copy_to_user(buffer, str, len);
return r ? r : len;
} else {
return -EINVAL;
}
}
static int s3c2410_adc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
init_waitqueue_head(&(adcdev.wait));
adcdev.channel=0;
adcdev.prescale=0xff;
DPRINTK( "adc opened\n");
return 0;
}
static int s3c2410_adc_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
DPRINTK( "adc closed\n");
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations dev_fops = {
owner: THIS_MODULE,
open: s3c2410_adc_open,
read: s3c2410_adc_read,
release: s3c2410_adc_release,
};
static struct miscdevice misc = {
.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
.name = DEVICE_NAME,
.fops = &dev_fops,
};
static int __init dev_init(void)
{
int ret;
base_addr=ioremap(S3C2410_PA_ADC,0x20);
if (base_addr == NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to remap register block\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
adc_clock = clk_get(NULL, "adc");
if (!adc_clock) {
printk(KERN_ERR "failed to get adc clock source\n");
return -ENOENT;
}
clk_enable(adc_clock);
/* normal ADC */
ADCTSC = 0;
ret = request_irq(IRQ_ADC, adcdone_int_handler, IRQF_SHARED, DEVICE_NAME, &adcdev);
if (ret) {
iounmap(base_addr);
return ret;
}
ret = misc_register(&misc);
printk (DEVICE_NAME"\tinitialized\n");
return ret;
}
static void __exit dev_exit(void)
{
free_irq(IRQ_ADC, &adcdev);
iounmap(base_addr);
if (adc_clock) {
clk_disable(adc_clock);
clk_put(adc_clock);
adc_clock = NULL;
}
misc_deregister(&misc);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(ADC_LOCK);
module_init(dev_init);
module_exit(dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("FriendlyARM Inc.");
s3c2410_ts.c#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
/* For ts.dev.id.version */
#define S3C2410TSVERSION 0x0101
#define WAIT4INT(x) (((x)<<8) | \
S3C2410_ADCTSC_YM_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_YP_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XP_SEN | \
S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(3))
#define AUTOPST (S3C2410_ADCTSC_YM_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_YP_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XP_SEN | \
S3C2410_ADCTSC_AUTO_PST | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(0))
static char *s3c2410ts_name = "s3c2410 TouchScreen";
static struct input_dev *dev;
static long xp;
static long yp;
static int count;
extern struct semaphore ADC_LOCK;
static int OwnADC = 0;
static void __iomem *base_addr;
static inline void s3c2410_ts_connect(void)
{
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG12, S3C2410_GPG12_XMON);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG13, S3C2410_GPG13_nXPON);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG14, S3C2410_GPG14_YMON);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG15, S3C2410_GPG15_nYPON);
}
static void touch_timer_fire(unsigned long data)
{
unsigned long data0;
unsigned long data1;
int updown;
data0 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);
data1 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);
updown = (!(data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)) && (!(data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN));
if (updown) {
if (count != 0) {
long tmp;
tmp = xp;
xp = yp;
yp = tmp;
xp >>= 2;
yp >>= 2;
#ifdef CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_MY2440_DEBUG
struct timeval tv;
do_gettimeofday(&tv);
printk(KERN_DEBUG "T: %06d, X: %03ld, Y: %03ld\n", (int)tv.tv_usec, xp, yp);
#endif
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, xp);
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, yp);
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 1);
input_sync(dev);
}
xp = 0;
yp = 0;
count = 0;
iowrite32(S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
iowrite32(ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_ENABLE_START, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
} else {
count = 0;
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);
input_sync(dev);
iowrite32(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
if (OwnADC) {
OwnADC = 0;
up(&ADC_LOCK);
}
}
}
static struct timer_list touch_timer =
TIMER_INITIALIZER(touch_timer_fire, 0, 0);
static irqreturn_t stylus_updown(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
unsigned long data0;
unsigned long data1;
int updown;
if (down_trylock(&ADC_LOCK) == 0) {
OwnADC = 1;
data0 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);
data1 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);
updown = (!(data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)) && (!(data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN));
if (updown) {
touch_timer_fire(0);
} else {
OwnADC = 0;
up(&ADC_LOCK);
}
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static irqreturn_t stylus_action(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
unsigned long data0;
unsigned long data1;
if (OwnADC) {
data0 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);
data1 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);
xp += data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_XPDATA_MASK;
yp += data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT1_YPDATA_MASK;
count++;
if (count < (1<<2)) {
iowrite32(S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
iowrite32(ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_ENABLE_START, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
} else {
mod_timer(&touch_timer, jiffies+1);
iowrite32(WAIT4INT(1), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
}
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static struct clk *adc_clock;
static int __init s3c2410ts_init(void)
{
struct input_dev *input_dev;
adc_clock = clk_get(NULL, "adc");
if (!adc_clock) {
printk(KERN_ERR "failed to get adc clock source\n");
return -ENOENT;
}
clk_enable(adc_clock);
base_addr=ioremap(S3C2410_PA_ADC,0x20);
if (base_addr == NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to remap register block\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
/* Configure GPIOs */
s3c2410_ts_connect();
iowrite32(S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCEN | S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCVL(0xFF),\
base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
iowrite32(0xffff, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDLY);
iowrite32(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
/* Initialise input stuff */
input_dev = input_allocate_device();
if (!input_dev) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to allocate the input device !!\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
dev = input_dev;
dev->evbit[0] = BIT(EV_SYN) | BIT(EV_KEY) | BIT(EV_ABS);
dev->keybit[BITS_TO_LONGS(BTN_TOUCH)] = BIT(BTN_TOUCH);
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, 0, 0x3FF, 0, 0);
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, 0, 0x3FF, 0, 0);
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0, 1, 0, 0);
dev->name = s3c2410ts_name;
dev->id.bustype = BUS_RS232;
dev->id.vendor = 0xDEAD;
dev->id.product = 0xBEEF;
dev->id.version = S3C2410TSVERSION;
/* Get irqs */
if (request_irq(IRQ_ADC, stylus_action, IRQF_SHARED|IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM,
"s3c2410_action", dev)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2410_ts.c: Could not allocate ts IRQ_ADC !\n");
iounmap(base_addr);
return -EIO;
}
if (request_irq(IRQ_TC, stylus_updown, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM,
"s3c2410_action", dev)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2410_ts.c: Could not allocate ts IRQ_TC !\n");
iounmap(base_addr);
return -EIO;
}
printk(KERN_INFO "%s successfully loaded\n", s3c2410ts_name);
/* All went ok, so register to the input system */
input_register_device(dev);
return 0;
}
static void __exit s3c2410ts_exit(void)
{
disable_irq(IRQ_ADC);
disable_irq(IRQ_TC);
free_irq(IRQ_TC,dev);
free_irq(IRQ_ADC,dev);
if (adc_clock) {
clk_disable(adc_clock);
clk_put(adc_clock);
adc_clock = NULL;
}
input_unregister_device(dev);
iounmap(base_addr);
}
module_init(s3c2410ts_init);
module_exit(s3c2410ts_exit);2. 部署驱动源代码到内核中
#cp -f s3c24xx-adc.h mini2440_adc.c /linux-2.6.30.4/drivers/char/
#cp -f s3c2410_ts.c /linux-2.6.30.4/drivers/input/touchscreen/
3. 将驱动模块添加到内核配置文件中
#gedit linux-2.6.30.4/drivers/char/Kconfig //添加如下内容
config MY2440_ADC
bool "ADC device for my2440"
default y
#geditlinux-2.6.30.4/drivers/char/Makefile //添加如下内容
obj-$(CONFIG_MY2440_ADC) += mini2440_adc.o
#geditlinux-2.6.30.4/drivers/input/touchscreen/Kconfig //添加如下内容
config TOUCHSCREEN_MY2440
tristate "MY2440 touchscreens input driver"
default y
config TOUCHSCREEN_MY2440_DEBUG
boolean "MY2440 touchscreens input driver debug messages"
depends on TOUCHSCREEN_MY2440
help
Select this if you want debug messages
#geditlinux-2.6.30.4/drivers/input/touchscreen/Makefile //添加如下内容
obj-$(CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_MY2440) += s3c2410_ts.o
4. 修改内核配置选项
Device Drivers --->
Input device support --->
(240) Horizontal screen resolution
(320) Vertical screen resolution
[*] Touchscreens --->
MY2440 touchscreens input driver (NEW)
[*] MY2440 touchscreens input driver debug messages
Character devices --->
[*] ADC device for my2440 (NEW)
5. 编译内核并下载到开发板上,从启动信息可以看到触摸屏驱动加载成功
6. 创建触摸屏设备节点并测试。由启动信息得知触摸屏设备为输入类设备,如下图操作可以得知输入类设备的主设备号为13,又查看总线的具体输入设备可得知该设备的详细信息,根据这些信息我们建立好设备节点,设置内核调试级别为8,然后打开触摸屏设备,点击触摸屏,此时可以看到打印的坐标信息,即触摸屏可正常使用了