python基础一：之字符串

组成字符串的两种方式

a = 'lao'
b = 'wang'

d = a + b
e = "===%s===" % (a+b)  #a与b必须都是字符串
print(d)
print(e)

字符串下标

name = 'abcdef'
print(name[0])
print(name[5])
print(name[len(name)-1])
print(name[-1])

字符串切片

name = 'abcdefABCDEF'
#切片语法：string[起始位置：终止位置：步长]
print(name[2:5])        #cde
print(name[2:])         #cdefABCDEF
print(name[2:-2])       #cdefABCD
print(name[2:-1:2])     #ceACE

print(name[0:])
#以下写法将字符串逆序
print(name[-1::-1])         #FEDCBAfedcba
print(name[::-1])           #前面两个都省略，关键看后面的步长

字符串函数

#coding=utf-8

myStr = "hello world and we are the world"
print(myStr.count("world"))     #2
#统计字符串出现的次数，如果没有则返回0
print(myStr.replace("world","WORLD"))       #hello WORLD and we are the WORLD
#注意：replace不会对原字符串产生任何影响
print(myStr.replace("world","xxxxx",1))     #hello xxxxx and we are the world
#replace第一个参数为：要替换的字符串，第二个参数为：替换成什么字符串，第三个参数为：如果要替换的字符串出现多次那么要替换的个数
print(myStr.split(" "))         #['hello', 'world', 'and', 'we', 'are', 'the', 'world']
print(myStr.capitalize())       #Hello world and we are the world

file_name = "xxxxx.txt"
print(file_name.endswith(".txt"))           #True

#ljust , rjust , center
lyric = "Tonight , I feel close to you"
print(lyric.center(50))             #          Tonight , I feel close to you           
print(lyric.ljust(50))
print(lyric.rjust(50))

#lstrip , rstrip , strip
name = "  who are you "
print(name.lstrip())
print(name.rstrip())
print(name.strip())

#partition , rpatition
print(myStr.partition("world"))         #('hello ', 'world', ' and we are the world')
print(myStr.rpartition("world"))        #('hello world and we are the ', 'world', '')

#spliteline     按照换行符进行分隔
content = "hello\nworld\nxxx\nyyy"
print(content.splitlines())                     #['hello', 'world', 'xxx', 'yyy']

#isalpha            判断是否是纯字母
#isdigit            判断是否是纯数字
#isalnum         判断是否是字母与数字

#join
a = ['aaa','bbb','ccc']
b = '='
print(b.join(a))                #aaa=bbb=ccc
b = ' '
print(b.join(a))                #aaa bbb ccc

面试题：给定一个字符串str，返回使用空格或者'\t'分割后的倒数第二个子串

str = "haha nihao a \t heihei \t woshi nide \t hao \npenyou"
print(str)

sstr = str.split()
print(sstr)                 #['haha', 'nihao', 'a', 'heihei', 'woshi', 'nide', 'hao', 'penyou']

print(' '.join(sstr))

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/12332406/2047832