iOS开发中的这些权限，你搞懂了吗？

写在前面

• APP开发避免不开系统权限的问题，如何在APP以更加友好的方式向用户展示系统权限，似乎也是开发过程中值得深思的一件事；

• 那如何提高APP获取iOS系统权限的通过率呢？有以下几种方式:1.在用户打开APP时就向用户请求权限；2.告知用户授权权限后能够获得好处之后，再向用户请求权限；3.在绝对必要的情况下才向用户请求权限，例如：用户访问照片库时请求访问系统相册权限；4.在展示系统权限的对话框前，先向用户显示自定义的对话框，若用户选择不允许，默认无操作，若用户选择允许，再展示系统对话框。

• 上述情况在开发过程中是经常遇到的，不同方式的选择会影响最后用户交互体验。这一点感悟正是源于上一周工作遇到的问题：适配iOS10，如何获取应用联网权限用以管理系统对话框的显示管理。当我把这个问题解决后，感觉有必要将常用的iOS系统权限做一个总结，以便后用。

权限分类

• 联网权限
• 相册权限
• 相机、麦克风权限
• 定位权限
• 推送权限
• 通讯录权限
• 日历、备忘录权限

联网权限

• 引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;

• 应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限

  CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
  cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier =  ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){
    //获取联网状态
    switch (state) {
        case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
            NSLog(@"Restricrted"); break; case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@"Not Restricted"); break; case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@"Unknown"); break; default: break; }; };

• 查询应用是否有联网功能

  CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
  CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;
   switch (state) {
    case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricrted"); break; case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@"Not Restricted"); break; case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@"Unknown"); break; default: break; }

相册权限--iOS 9.0之前

• 导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;

• 检查是否有相册权限

   ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];
  switch (status) {
    case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break; case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }

相册权限--iOS 8.0之后

• 导入头文件@import Photos;

• 检查是否有相册权限

  PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
  switch (photoAuthorStatus) {
    case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break; case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }

• ![Uploading 144446-b8aca7ba38c5f8c0_695906.png . . .]获取相册权限

   [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
    if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } }];

相机和麦克风权限

• 导入头文件@import AVFoundation;

• 检查是否有相机或麦克风权限

  AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限 AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限 switch (AVstatus) { case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }

• 获取相机或麦克风权限

  [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限
    if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } }]; [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//麦克风权限 if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } }];

定位权限

• 导入头文件@import CoreLocation;
• 由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；

配置文件

• 检查是否有定位权限

   BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
  if (!isLocation) {
    NSLog(@"not turn on the location");
  }
  CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
  switch (CLstatus) { case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@"Always Authorized"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }

• 获取定位权限

  CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
  [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
  [manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息

• 在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

  - (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{ switch (status) { case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@"Always Authorized"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; } }

推送权限

• 检查是否有通讯权限

    UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
  switch (settings.types) {
    case UIUserNotificationTypeNone: NSLog(@"None"); break; case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert: NSLog(@"Alert Notification"); break; case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge: NSLog(@"Badge Notification"); break; case UIUserNotificationTypeSound: NSLog(@"sound Notification'"); break; default: break; }

• 获取推送权限

  UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil]; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

iOS9.0之前

• 导入头文件 @import AddressBook;

• 检查是否有通讯录权限

   ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
  switch (ABstatus) {
    case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break; case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied'"); break; case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }

• 获取通讯录权限

  ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
  ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) { if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); CFRelease(addressBook); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } });

iOS9.0及以后

• 导入头文件 @import Contacts;
• 检查是否有通讯录权限

CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
  switch (status) {
        case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        {
            NSLog(@"Authorized:");
        }
            break; case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{ NSLog(@"Denied"); } break; case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{ NSLog(@"Restricted"); } break; case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{ NSLog(@"NotDetermined"); } break; }

• 获取通讯录权限

CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
    [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        if (granted) {

           NSLog(@"Authorized"); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } }];

日历、备忘录权限

• 导入头文件

• 检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

   typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) {
    EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历
    EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘 };

• EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore  authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
  switch (EKstatus) {
    case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break; case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied'"); break; case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }

• 获取日历或备忘录权限

  EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
  [store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
    if (granted) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized"); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } }];

最后一点

• 素有获取权限的方法，多用于用户第一次操作应用，iOS 8.0之后，将这些设置都整合在一起，并且可以开启或关闭相应的权限。所有的权限都可以通过下面的方法打开：

  [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];

上述的权限多为经常用到的权限，当然不会很全面，大家如有需要其他的权限，可以在下方评论，我会及时加上去的。
希望这篇文章能够给大家的开发带来一些便利。
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更新记录：2016.9.22添加iOS9.0以后访问通讯录权限；

文／Jack_lin（简书作者）
原文链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/27e57922232b
著作权归作者所有，转载请联系作者获得授权，并标注“简书作者”。