Android Instrumentation自动化测试框架

2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

Android monkey test 脚本的编写

Instrumentation 是google开发的Android测试框架（http://developer.android.com/reference/android/test/InstrumentationTestRunner.html）

主要分为下列项目：

• ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2

• ActivityUnitTestCase

• AndroidTestCase

• ApplicationTestCase

• InstrumentationTestCase

• ProviderTestCase

• ServiceTestCase

• SingleLaunchActivityTestCase

AndroidTestCase 主要来测试相关非交互性API，比如数据库，内容提供者等，其优点是可以通过getContext获取上下文

public class TestAudio extends AndroidTestCase {  
    private AudioManager mAudioManager;  
    private boolean mUseFixedVolume;  
    private final static long TIME_TO_PLAY = 2000;  
    private final static int MP3_TO_PLAY = R.raw.testmp3;  
    
    private Context mContext;
      
    @Override  
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        super.setUp();  
        
        mContext = getContext();
          
    }  
      
    public void testmp3(){  
        MediaPlayer mp = MediaPlayer.create(mContext, MP3_TO_PLAY);  
        mp.setAudioStreamType(STREAM_MUSIC);  
        mp.setLooping(true);  
        mp.start();  
        try {  
            Thread.sleep(20*1000);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2，SingleLaunchActivityTestCase，ActivityUnitTestCase主要来测试Activity相关API,方便之处是可以直接获取Activity

public class AdminMainTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {
     
    private MainActivity mActivity;
    private Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
    private Button login;
    private EditText account;
    private EditText password;
    private RadioGroup radioGroup;
    //private RadioButton button;
    private RadioButton button1;
    private RadioButton button2;
    private RadioButton button3;
    private RadioButton button4;
     
    private Context mContext;
    private View buttonView;
     
    public AdminMainTest(){
        super(MainActivity.class); //目标Activity
    }
    @Before
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
        setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);
        mInstrumentation=getInstrumentation();
        mContext=mInstrumentation.getContext();
        mActivity=getActivity();
        login=(Button) mActivity.findViewById(com.example.example.R.id.landed);
        account=(EditText) mActivity.findViewById(com.example.example.R.id.landed_account);
        password=(EditText) mActivity.findViewById(com.example.example.R.id.landed_password);
        radioGroup = (RadioGroup) mActivity.findViewById(R.id.landed_user_type);        
        button1=(RadioButton) mActivity.findViewById(R.id.landed_user_type_admin);
        button2=(RadioButton) mActivity.findViewById(R.id.landed_user_type_publisher);
        button3=(RadioButton)mActivity.findViewById(R.id.landed_user_type_common);
        button4=(RadioButton)mActivity.findViewById(R.id.landed_user_type_visitor);
    }
 
    @After
    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
        mActivity.finish();
        super.tearDown();
    }
     
    public void testPreConditions(){
        assertNotNull(mActivity);
        assertNotNull(login);
        assertNotNull(account);
        assertNotNull(password);
        assertNotNull(radioGroup);
        assertNotNull(button1);
        assertNotNull(button2);
        assertNotNull(button3);
        assertNotNull(button4);
    }
 
    public void input() {
 
         
        mActivity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable(){
 
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                SystemClock.sleep(1500);
                account.requestFocus();
                SystemClock.sleep(1500);
                account.performClick();
                //SystemClock.sleep(3000);
            }
        });
        mInstrumentation.waitForIdleSync();
         
        sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_S,KeyEvent.KEYCODE_O,
                KeyEvent.KEYCODE_N,KeyEvent.KEYCODE_G);
         
        mActivity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable(){
 
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                SystemClock.sleep(1500);
                password.requestFocus();
                SystemClock.sleep(1500);
                password.performClick();
            }
        });
        mInstrumentation.waitForIdleSync();
         
        sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_S,KeyEvent.KEYCODE_O,
                KeyEvent.KEYCODE_N,KeyEvent.KEYCODE_G);
         
        mInstrumentation.waitForIdleSync();
    }
     
 
    public void testFirstRadioButton(){
        assertTrue("The Admin button is checked",button1.isChecked());
        //assertEquals("商品发布者",button.getText().toString());
        assertEquals(R.id.landed_user_type_admin,radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId());
    }
     
    public void testSecondRadioButton(){
        //assertTrue("The Publisher button is checked",button2.isChecked());
        //assertEquals(R.id.landed_user_type_publisher,radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId());
        assertEquals("商品发布者",button2.getText().toString());
         
    }
 
    public void testThirdRadioButton()
    {
        //assertTrue("The common user is checked",button3.isChecked());
        //assertEquals(R.id.landed_user_type_common,radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId());
        assertEquals("普通用户",button3.getText().toString());
    }   
     
    public void testFourthRadioButton()
    {
        //assertTrue("The guest is checked",button4.isChecked());
        //assertEquals(R.id.landed_user_type_visitor,radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId());
        assertEquals("访客",button4.getText().toString());
    }
     
    public void testButton2Selection(){
        testFirstRadioButton();
        TouchUtils.clickView(this, button2);
    //  assertFalse("The admin radio button should not be checked",button1.isChecked());
        assertTrue("The publisher radio button should be checked",button2.isChecked());
        assertEquals("The publisher button should be checked",R.id.landed_user_type_publisher,
                radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId());
    }
     
    public void testButton3Selection(){
        testFirstRadioButton();
        TouchUtils.clickView(this, button3);
        assertTrue("The common user is checked",button3.isChecked());
        assertEquals(R.id.landed_user_type_common,radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId());
    }
     
    public void testButton4Selection(){
        testFirstRadioButton();
        TouchUtils.clickView(this, button4);
        assertTrue("The guest is checked",button4.isChecked());
        assertEquals(R.id.landed_user_type_visitor,radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId());
         
    }
     
/** 
    public void testRadioButtonChange(){
        testFirstRadioButton();
        TouchUtils.clickView(this, button);
        assertFalse("The admin radio button should not be checked",button1.isChecked());
        assertTrue("The publisher button should be checked",button.isChecked());
        assertEquals("The publisher button should be checked",R.id.landed_user_type_publisher,
                radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId());
    }
**/
    public void testInput(){
        input();
        assertEquals("song",account.getText().toString());
        assertEquals("song",password.getText().toString());
    }
 
    @Test
    public void testLogin(){
        input();
        //testRadioButtonChange();
        mInstrumentation.runOnMainSync(new Runnable(){
 
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                SystemClock.sleep(1500);
                login.requestFocus();
                SystemClock.sleep(1500);
                login.performClick();
            }
             
        });
    }
     
 
}

ServiceTestCase专门用来测试Service服务

public class MyServiceTest extends ServiceTestCase<MyService> {

    private String TAG="myservicetest";
    private Context mContext;
    /**
     * 构造方法
     */
    public MyServiceTest() {
        super(MyService.class);

    }

    /**
     * 重写setUp方法，第一句调用super.setUp
     */
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
        mContext = getContext();

    }

  // public void testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly() {
  // super.testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly();
 // }

    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
        mContext = null;
        super.tearDown();
    }

    /**
     * 测试Service正确地启动
     */
    public void testStart() {
        Log.i(TAG, "start testStart");
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            startService(intent);
            MyService Serv=getService();
            assertNotNull(Serv);
        Log.i(TAG, "end testStart");
        }
    }


    /**
     * 测试Service正确的终止
     */
    public void teststop() {
        Log.i(TAG, "start teststopService");
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            startService(intent);
            MyService service = getService();
            service.stopService(intent);     
    }
}

 InstrumentationTestCase 相对于Activity，Service等测试，相对而言，比较灵活，其他测试很多都是继承自这个

public class TestHelloActiviry extends InstrumentationTestCase {  
      
    final String TAG = "TestHelloAppTestHelloApp";   
      
    Button mHelloTestButton;  
    EditText mHelloEditText;  
    HelloActivity mHelloTestActivity;  
    Instrumentation mInstrumentation;  
      
    public void testHelloActivity() {  
        Log.i(TAG, "call testHelloActivity()");  
        mHelloTestButton = (Button)mHelloTestActivity.findViewById(R.id.Button1);  
        mHelloEditText = (EditText)mHelloTestActivity.findViewById(R.id.EditText1);  
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {  
            //设置事件在主线程中执行  
            mInstrumentation.runOnMainSync(new Click(mHelloTestButton,mHelloEditText,Integer.toString(i)));  
            SystemClock.sleep(3000);  
        }  
          
    }  
      
    public void testHelloActivity2() {  
          
    }  
      
    private class Click implements Runnable{  
        Button button;  
        EditText editText;  
        String str;  
        Click(Button b,EditText e,String s){  
            button = b;  
            editText = e;  
            str = s;  
        }  
        @Override  
        public void run() {  
            editText.setText(str);    
            button.performClick();  
              
        }  
    }  
      
    //负责testcase开始前的初始化工作  
    @Override  
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {  
        super.setUp();  
        Log.i(TAG, "call setUp()");  
        mInstrumentation = getInstrumentation();  
        Intent intent = new Intent();  
        intent.setClassName("com.example.hello", "com.example.hello.HelloActivity");  
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
        //通过intent触发activity  
        mHelloTestActivity = (HelloActivity)mInstrumentation.startActivitySync(intent);  
    }  
  
  
    @Override  
    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {  
        super.tearDown();  
          
        Log.i(TAG, "tearDown()");  
    }  
      
      
}

参考

Android自动化测试初探（二）: Hierarchyviewer 捕获Element的实现原理

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/ososchina/blog/621740