Apache Torque入门学习

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Apache Torque是一种object-relational mapper。Torque能让用户通过java object 访问或操作关系数据库中的数据。不同于大多数其他object-relational mappers，Torque访问用户提供的类不使用反射，而是使用由XML schema生成的必要的类（包括Data Objects）。
Torque有两个用途：一个是作为java code生成的工具；另一个是基于生成的代码，提供object-relational mapping (ORM) 访问数据库。这两个方面可以认为是不同的部分，独立对待。ORM部分包含创建数据库和读写数据。code生成部分表示如何使用Torque generator生成自定义code (O/R classes)。
步骤一：配置Torque generation process

使用Maven或者Ant配置的依赖和plugin。依赖主要有Torque runtime或者db driver (比如mysql-connector-java)。plugin主要是一些根据模版生产代码的配置

步骤二：定义数据库schema

第二个需要编辑的配置文件是database schema。Torque里面database schema是一个描述数据库结构的XML file。文件可以定义某个数据库的表，column名字和类型，表的键和索引。

步骤三：调用Torque generator

完成了maven/ant配置和database schema定义后，接下来可以生产object model和创建数据库表。object model的创建会生成代表数据库结构的java源文件。通过这些类我们可以操作数据库中的数据。此外，Torque还会生成SQL去创建数据库表。

Torque创建object model时，会为每个table生成8各类: 4个有Base前缀的和4个没有前缀的。有Base前缀的类不可修改（因为每次生成都会被覆盖掉），没有前缀的类是Base前缀类的子类，可以覆盖父类的实现。

Note: Torque会假设数据库已经存在，在执行Sql的时候，首先会drop掉相应数据。

步骤四：配置Torque runtime

配置Torque运行环境简单来讲，就是配置运行时的连接信息，比如adapter，driver，url, 用户名和密码。

一个简单的例子：
torque.database.default = bookstore
torque.database.bookstore.adapter = mysql

torque.dsfactory.bookstore.factory = org.apache.torque.dsfactory.SharedPoolDataSourceFactory
torque.dsfactory.bookstore.connection.driver = org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
torque.dsfactory.bookstore.connection.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookstore
torque.dsfactory.bookstore.connection.user = root
torque.dsfactory.bookstore.connection.password = password

步骤五: 把Torque用起来

生成完必要的class，数据库表，以及配置好了运行的连接信息。接下来就是如何用在应用程序中。

package org.apache.torque.tutorial.om;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.configuration.PropertiesConfiguration;
import org.apache.log4j.BasicConfigurator;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.torque.Torque;
import org.apache.torque.criteria.Criteria;

public class Bookstore
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            // Initializing Logging
            BasicConfigurator.configure();
            Logger.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.WARN);

            // Initializing Torque
            InputStream torqueConfigStream 
                    = Bookstore.class.getResourceAsStream("/torque.properties");
            PropertiesConfiguration torqueConfiguration 
                    = new PropertiesConfiguration();
            torqueConfiguration.load(torqueConfigStream);
            Torque.init(torqueConfiguration);

            /*
             * Creating new objects. These will be inserted into your database
             * automatically when the save method is called.
             */
            Publisher addison = new Publisher();
            addison.setName("Addison Wesley Professional");
            addison.save();

            Author bloch = new Author();
            bloch.setFirstName("Joshua");
            bloch.setLastName("Bloch");
            bloch.save();

            /*
             * An alternative method to inserting rows in your database.
             */
            Author stevens = new Author();
            stevens.setFirstName("W.");
            stevens.setLastName("Stevens");
            AuthorPeer.doInsert(stevens);

            /*
             * Using the convenience methods to handle the foreign keys.
             */
            Book effective = new Book();
            effective.setTitle("Effective Java");
            effective.setISBN("0-618-12902-2");
            effective.setPublisher(addison);
            effective.setAuthor(bloch);
            effective.save();

            /*
             * Inserting the foreign-keys manually.
             */
            Book tcpip = new Book();
            tcpip.setTitle("TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1");
            tcpip.setISBN("0-201-63346-9");
            tcpip.setPublisherId(addison.getPublisherId());
            tcpip.setAuthorId(stevens.getAuthorId());
            tcpip.save();

            /*
             * Selecting all books from the database and printing the results to
             * stdout using our helper method defined in BookPeer (doSelectAll).
             */
            System.out.println("Full booklist:\n");
            List<Book> booklist = BookPeer.doSelectAll();
            printBooklist(booklist);

            /*
             * Selecting specific objects. Just search for objects that match
             * this criteria (and print to stdout).
             */
            System.out.println("Booklist (specific ISBN):\n");
            Criteria crit = new Criteria();
            crit.where(BookPeer.ISBN, "0-201-63346-9");
            booklist = BookPeer.doSelect(crit);
            printBooklist(booklist);

            /*
             * Updating data. These lines will swap the authors of the two
             * books. The booklist is printed to stdout to verify the results.
             */
            effective.setAuthor(stevens);
            effective.save();

            tcpip.setAuthor(bloch);
            BookPeer.doUpdate(tcpip);

            System.out.println("Booklist (authors swapped):\n");
            booklist = BookPeer.doSelectAll();
            printBooklist(booklist);

            /*
             * Deleting data. These lines will delete the data that matches the
             * specified criteria.
             */
            crit = new Criteria();
            crit.where(BookPeer.ISBN, "0-618-12902-2");
            BookPeer.doDelete(crit);

            crit = new Criteria();
            crit.where(BookPeer.ISBN, "0-201-63346-9");
            crit.and(BookPeer.TITLE, "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1");
            BookPeer.doDelete(crit);

            /*
             * Deleting data by passing Data Objects instead of specifying
             * criteria.
             */
            AuthorPeer.doDelete(bloch);
            AuthorPeer.doDelete(stevens);
            PublisherPeer.doDelete(addison);

            System.out.println("Booklist (should be empty):\n");
            booklist = BookPeer.doSelectAll();
            printBooklist(booklist);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /*
     * Helper method to print a booklist to standard out.
     */
    private static void printBooklist(List<Book> booklist)
    {
        for (Book book : booklist)
        {
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/xsh1208/blog/1036717