Guava File操作

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-12 15:27:29 发布

weixin_34077371

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-12 15:27:29 发布

阅读量198

点赞数

文章标签： java python

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/stefanzhlg/blog/471251

版权

2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

Java的基本API对文件的操作很繁琐，为了向文件中写入一行文本，都需要写十几行的代码。guava对此作了很多改进，提供了很多方便的操作。

一. Guava的文件写入

Guava的Files类中提供了几个write方法来简化向文件中写入内容的操作，下面的例子演示 Files.write(byte[],File)的用法。

import com.google.common.io.Files;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

/**
 * Created by zhaoliangang on 15/6/26.
 */
public class GuavaFile {

    public static void demoFileWrite(final String fileName, final String contents) {
        checkNotNull(fileName, "Provided file name for writing must not be null.");
        checkNotNull(contents, "Unable to write null contents.");
        final File newFile = new File(fileName);
        try {
            Files.write(contents.getBytes(), newFile);
        } catch (IOException fileIoEx) {
            System.out.println("ERROR trying to write to file '" + fileName + "' - "
                    + fileIoEx.toString());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        GuavaFile.demoFileWrite("/Users/zhaoliangang/Documents/work/test.txt", "hello stefanie zhao");

    }
}

二. 获得文件内容

Files类提供了readLines方法可以方便的读取文件的内容，如下demo代码：

public static void demoFileRead(final String filePath) throws IOException {
    File testFile = new File(filePath);
    List<String> lines = Files.readLines(testFile, Charsets.UTF_8);
    for (String line : lines) {
        System.out.println(line);
    }
}

但是这个readLime方法是一次性读数据到内存，大文件当然就出现内存溢出了。

我们是用guava提供的另外一种readLine方法：

static <T> T

readLines(File file, Charset charset, LineProcessor<T> callback)

Streams lines from a File, stopping when our callback returns false, or we have read all of the lines.

public static void demoFileReadAsyn(final String filePath) throws IOException {
    File testFile = new File(filePath);
    Integer rowNum = Files.readLines(testFile, Charsets.UTF_16, new LineProcessor<Integer>() {
        private int rowNum = 0;
        public boolean processLine(String s) throws IOException {
            rowNum ++;
            return true;
        }

        public Integer getResult() {
            return rowNum;
        }
    });
    System.out.println(rowNum);
}

这个readLines的重载，需要我们实现一个LineProcessor的泛型接口，在这个接口的实现方法processLine方法中我们可以对行文本进行处理，getResult方法可以获得一个最终的处理结果，这里我们只是简单的返回了一个行计数。

另外还有readBytes方法可以对文件的字节做处理，readFirstLine可以返回第一行的文本，Files.toString(File,Charset)可以返回文件的所有文本内容。

三. 复制移动（剪切）文件

final File sourceFile = new File(sourceFileName);    
final File targetFile = new File(targetFileName);     
Files.copy(sourceFile, targetFile);

四. 比较文件内容

Files.equal(file1, file2)

五. 其他有用的方法

Guava的Files类中还提供了其他一些文件的简捷方法。比如

touch方法创建或者更新文件的时间戳。
createTempDir()方法创建临时目录
Files.createParentDirs(File) 创建父级目录
getChecksum(File)获得文件的checksum
hash(File)获得文件的hash
map系列方法获得文件的内存映射
getFileExtension(String)获得文件的扩展名
getNameWithoutExtension(String file)获得不带扩展名的文件名

Guava的方法都提供了一些重载，这些重载可以扩展基本用法，我们也有必要去多了解一下，这些重载的方法。

附上Files类的doc：

`static void`	`append(CharSequence from, File to, Charset charset)` Appends a character sequence (such as a string) to a file using the given character set.
`static ByteSink`	`asByteSink(File file, FileWriteMode... modes)` Returns a new `ByteSink` for writing bytes to the given file.
`static ByteSource`	`asByteSource(File file)` Returns a new `ByteSource` for reading bytes from the given file.
`static CharSink`	`asCharSink(File file, Charset charset, FileWriteMode... modes)` Returns a new `CharSink` for writing character data to the given file using the given character set.
`static CharSource`	`asCharSource(File file, Charset charset)` Returns a new `CharSource` for reading character data from the given file using the given character set.
`static void`	`copy(File from, Charset charset, Appendable to)` Copies all characters from a file to an appendable object, using the given character set.
`static void`	`copy(File from, File to)` Copies all the bytes from one file to another.
`static void`	`copy(File from, OutputStream to)` Copies all bytes from a file to an output stream.
`static void`	`createParentDirs(File file)` Creates any necessary but nonexistent parent directories of the specified file.
`static File`	`createTempDir()` Atomically creates a new directory somewhere beneath the system's temporary directory (as defined by the `java.io.tmpdir`system property), and returns its name.
`static boolean`	`equal(File file1, File file2)` Returns true if the files contains the same bytes.
`static TreeTraverser<File>`	`fileTreeTraverser()` Returns a `TreeTraverser` instance for `File` trees.
`static String`	`getFileExtension(String fullName)` Returns the file extension for the given file name, or the empty string if the file has no extension.
`static String`	`getNameWithoutExtension(String file)` Returns the file name without its file extension or path.
`static HashCode`	`hash(File file, HashFunction hashFunction)` Computes the hash code of the `file` using `hashFunction`.
`static Predicate<File>`	`isDirectory()` Returns a predicate that returns the result of `File.isDirectory()` on input files.
`static Predicate<File>`	`isFile()` Returns a predicate that returns the result of `File.isFile()` on input files.
`static MappedByteBuffer`	`map(File file)` Fully maps a file read-only in to memory as per `FileChannel.map(java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode, long, long)`.
`static MappedByteBuffer`	`map(File file, FileChannel.MapMode mode)` Fully maps a file in to memory as per `FileChannel.map(java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode, long, long)`using the requested `FileChannel.MapMode`.
`static MappedByteBuffer`	`map(File file, FileChannel.MapMode mode, long size)` Maps a file in to memory as per `FileChannel.map(java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode, long, long)` using the requested `FileChannel.MapMode`.
`static void`	`move(File from, File to)` Moves a file from one path to another.
`static BufferedReader`	`newReader(File file, Charset charset)` Returns a buffered reader that reads from a file using the given character set.
`static BufferedWriter`	`newWriter(File file, Charset charset)` Returns a buffered writer that writes to a file using the given character set.
`static <T> T`	`readBytes(File file, ByteProcessor<T> processor)` Process the bytes of a file.
`static String`	`readFirstLine(File file, Charset charset)` Reads the first line from a file.
`static List<String>`	`readLines(File file, Charset charset)` Reads all of the lines from a file.
`static <T> T`	`readLines(File file, Charset charset, LineProcessor<T> callback)` Streams lines from a `File`, stopping when our callback returns false, or we have read all of the lines.
`static String`	`simplifyPath(String pathname)` Returns the lexically cleaned form of the path name, usually (but not always) equivalent to the original.
`static byte[]`	`toByteArray(File file)` Reads all bytes from a file into a byte array.
`static String`	`toString(File file, Charset charset)` Reads all characters from a file into a `String`, using the given character set.
`static void`	`touch(File file)` Creates an empty file or updates the last updated timestamp on the same as the unix command of the same name.
`static void`	`write(byte[] from, File to)` Overwrites a file with the contents of a byte array.
`static void`	`write(CharSequence from, File to, Charset charset)` Writes a character sequence (such as a string) to a file using the given character set.