一、首先我们要知道磁盘为什么要分区,一块磁盘一个分区也可以的啊。

    1.优化分区可提升磁盘I/O性能

    2.可以对分区进行配置磁盘配额,便于磁盘资源的合理化利用

    3.提高文件系统的修复速度

    4.有效的隔离系统与应用程序,使得程序运行在与系统不同的分区

    5.可以在不同的分区上安装不同的操作系统

    6.在不同的分区上格式化为不同文件系统

二、那磁盘接口有哪些:

    IDE   SCSI    SATA    SAS   等

三、这些不同接口的设备在linux中的名称又是什么?

    设备文件的命名一般格式:/dev/DEV_FILE

    IDE: /dev/hd (centos6,7不在区分hd和sd统称为sd)

    SCSI, SATA, SAS, USB: /dev/sd

四、分区有两个命令,此博客介绍fdisk,parted参考https://blog.51cto.com/12107790/2173127


五、man fdisk查看技术文档:

fdisk - Partition table manipulator for Linux 分区命令,其中描述信息介绍,此命令只能分区小于2T的磁盘,大于2T的磁盘使用parted命令来分区。

如果需要增加SWAP分区,需要使用mkswap命令+分区,使用swapon使swap分区生效,swapoff使分区失效。(注:常用于java进程占满内存时,临时加SWAP,让开发处理。)

常用选项:

-l [设备名称]:有设备名称时会列出分区的内容,若无则列出整个文件系统的所有分区列出

[root@www ~]# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000d7449


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              26        1301    10240000   83  Linux

/dev/sda3            1301        1556     2048000   82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda4            1556        2611     8477696    5  Extended

/dev/sda5            1556        2611     8476672   83  Linux


Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000


分区步骤,使用/dev/sdd

[root@www ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xdcb315ff.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.


Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)


WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

         sectors (command 'u').


Command (m for help): m

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag

   b   edit bsd disklabel

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition 删除一个分区

   l   list known partition types   列出磁盘分区类型代码

   m   print this menu

   n   add a new partition 新添一个分区

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   print the partition table 打印分区信息

   q   quit without saving changes 离开不保存

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition's system id    修改分区类型代码,可用户创建swap分区

   u   change display/entry units

   v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit 保存后离开

   x   extra functionality (experts only)


Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended 

   p   primary partition (1-4) 

p  添加主分区

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-130, default 1): 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): 50


Command (m for help): p


Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xdcb315ff


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdd1               1          50      401593+  83  Linux


Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

e添加扩展分区

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (51-130, default 51):

Using default value 51

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (51-130, default 130):

Using default value 130


Command (m for help): p


Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xdcb315ff


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdd1               1          50      401593+  83  Linux

/dev/sdd2              51         130      642600    5  Extended


Command (m for help): n

Command action

   l   logical (5 or over)

   p   primary partition (1-4)

l 添加逻辑分区

First cylinder (51-130, default 51):

Using default value 51

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (51-130, default 130): 80


Command (m for help): n

Command action

   l   logical (5 or over)

   p   primary partition (1-4)

l继续添加逻辑分区

First cylinder (81-130, default 81):

Using default value 81

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (81-130, default 130):

Using default value 130


Command (m for help): p


Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xdcb315ff


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdd1               1          50      401593+  83  Linux

/dev/sdd2              51         130      642600    5  Extended

/dev/sdd5              51          80      240943+  83  Linux

/dev/sdd6              81         130      401593+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w 保存分区信息退出

The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.





列出查看分区类型代码:

Command (m for help): l


 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris

 1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx

 5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data

 6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .

 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility

 8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt

 9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access

 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O

 b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor

 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs

 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT

 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/

10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b

11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor

12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor

14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary

16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS

17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE

18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto

1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep

1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT

1e  Hidden W95 FAT1