从零搭建和配置OSX开发环境

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-16 19:55:45 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-16 19:55:45 发布

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文章标签：开发工具 git shell

对于每一名开发者来说，更换系统或者更换电脑的时候，都免不了花上不短的时间去折腾开发环境的问题。我本人也是三番两次，深知这个过程的繁琐。所有，根据我自己以往的经验，以及参考一下他人的意见，整理一下关于在Mac下做各种开发的配置，包含Java, Ruby, Vim, git, 数据库等等。欢迎补充与修正。

Terminal篇

这篇文章包含配置控制台环境，包括包管理工具, zsh, Vim, git的安装配置。

Homebrew, 你不能错过的包管理工具

包管理工具已经成为现在操作系统中不可缺少的一个重要工具了，它能大大减轻软件安装的负担，节约我们的时间。Linux中常用的有yum和apt-get工具，甚至Windows平台也有Chocolatey这样优秀的工具，OSX平台自然有它独有的工具。

在OSX中，有两款大家常用的管理工具：Homebrew或者MacPorts。这两款工具都是为了解决同样的问题——为OSX安装常用库和工具。Homebrew与MacPorts的主要区别是Homebrew不会破坏OSX 原生的环境，这也是我推荐Homebrew的主要原因。同时它安装的所有文件都是在用户独立空间内的，这让你安装的所有软件对于该用户来说都是可以访问的，不需要使用sudo命令。

在安装Homebrew前，你需要前往AppStore下载并安装Xcode.

安装方式：

 
   # OSX系统基本上都自带Ruby1.9
# 所以无需先安装Ruby，但是之后我们需要管理Ruby
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

Homebrew常用命令：

 
   brew list                 # 查看已经安装的包
brew update               # 更新Homebrew自身
brew doctor # 诊断关于Homebrew的问题(Homebrew 有问题时请用它) brew cleanup # 清理老版本软件包或者无用的文件 brew show ${formula} # 查看包信息 brew search ${formula} # 按名称搜索 brew upgrade ${formula} # 升级软件包 brew install ${formula} # 按名称安装 brew uninstall ${formula} # 按名称卸载 brew pin/unpin ${formula} # 锁定或者解锁软件包版本，防止误升级

zsh，好用的shell

Shell程序就是Linux/UNIX系统中的一层外壳，几乎所有的应用程序都可以运行在Shell环境下，常用的有bash, csh, zcsh等。在/etc/shells文件中可以查看系统中的各种shell。

 
   cat /etc/shells

# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1).
# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using # one of these shells.  /bin/bash /bin/csh /bin/ksh /bin/sh /bin/tcsh /bin/zsh

而zsh是OSX系统原生的shell之一，其功能强大，语法相对于bash更加友好和强大，所以推荐使用zsh作为默认的shell。

 
   # 切换zsh为默认shell
chsh -s $(which zsh)

如果你想使用最新的zsh，你可以使用Homebrew，此方法也会保留原生的zsh，防止你在某个时刻需要它。

 
   # 查看最新zsh信息
brew info zsh

# 安装zsh brew install --disable-etcdir zsh  # 添加shell路径至/etc/shells文件中 # 将 /usr/local/bin/zsh 添加到下面文件中 sudo vim /etc/shells  # 更换默认shell chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh

下面贴上我的zsh配置以供参考

我的zsh配置 (zshrc)download

 
   # modify the prompt to contain git branch name if applicable
git_prompt_info() {  ref=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2> /dev/null)  if [[ -n $ref ]]; then  echo " %{$fg_bold[green]%}${ref#refs/heads/}%{$reset_color%}"  fi } setopt promptsubst export PS1='${SSH_CONNECTION+"%{$fg_bold[green]%}%n@%m:"}%{$fg_bold[blue]%}%c%{$reset_color%}$(git_prompt_info) %# '  # load our own completion functions fpath=(~/.zsh/completion $fpath)  # completion autoload -U compinit compinit  # load custom executable functions for function in ~/.zsh/functions/*; do  source $function done  # makes color constants available autoload -U colors colors  # enable colored output from ls, etc export CLICOLOR=1  # history settings setopt hist_ignore_all_dups inc_append_history HISTFILE=~/.zhistory HISTSIZE=4096 SAVEHIST=4096  # awesome cd movements from zshkit setopt autocd autopushd pushdminus pushdsilent pushdtohome cdablevars DIRSTACKSIZE=5  # Enable extended globbing setopt extendedglob  # Allow [ or ] whereever you want unsetopt nomatch  # vi mode bindkey -v bindkey "^F" vi-cmd-mode bindkey jj vi-cmd-mode  # handy keybindings bindkey "^A" beginning-of-line bindkey "^E" end-of-line bindkey "^R" history-incremental-search-backward bindkey "^P" history-search-backward bindkey "^Y" accept-and-hold bindkey "^N" insert-last-word bindkey -s "^T" "^[Isudo ^[A" # "t" for "toughguy"  # use vim as the visual editor export VISUAL=vim export EDITOR=$VISUAL  # load rbenv if available if which rbenv &>/dev/null ; then  eval "$(rbenv init - --no-rehash)" fi  # load thoughtbot/dotfiles scripts export PATH="$HOME/.bin:$PATH"  # mkdir .git/safe in the root of repositories you trust export PATH=".git/safe/../../bin:$PATH"  # aliases [[ -f ~/.aliases ]] && source ~/.aliases  # Local config [[ -f ~/.zshrc.local ]] && source ~/.zshrc.local

好用的编辑器 Vim

对于Vim，无需溢美之词，作为与emacs并列的两大编辑器，早已经被无数人奉为经典。而它却又以超长的学习曲线，使得很多人望而却步。长久以来，虽然拥有大量的插件，却缺少一个确之有效的插件管理器。所幸，Vundle的出现解决了这个问题。

Vundle可以让你在配置文件中管理插件，并且非常方便的查找、安装、更新或者删除插件。还可以帮你自动配置插件的执行路径和生成帮助文件。相对于另外一个管理工具pathogen，可以说有着巨大的优势。

 
   # vundle 安装和配置
git clone https://github.com/gmarik/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

 
   " 将下面配置文件加入到.vimrc文件中
set nocompatible " 必须 filetype off " 必须  " 将Vundle加入运行时路径中(Runtime path) set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim call vundle#begin()  " 使用Vundle管理插件，必须 Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'  " " 其他插件 "  call vundle#end() " 必须 filetype plugin indent on " 必须

最后，你只需要执行安装命令，即可以安装好所需的插件。

 
   # 在vim中
:PluginInstall

# 在终端 vim +PluginInstall +qall

下面列出我的Vim插件和配置

Vim插件 (vimrc.bundles)download

 
   if &compatible
  set nocompatible end  filetype off set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle/ call vundle#rc()  " Let Vundle manage Vundle Bundle 'gmarik/vundle'  " Define bundles via Github repos Bundle 'christoomey/vim-run-interactive' Bundle 'croaky/vim-colors-github' Bundle 'danro/rename.vim' Bundle 'kchmck/vim-coffee-script' Bundle 'kien/ctrlp.vim' Bundle 'pbrisbin/vim-mkdir' Bundle 'scrooloose/syntastic' Bundle 'slim-template/vim-slim' Bundle 'thoughtbot/vim-rspec' Bundle 'tpope/vim-bundler' Bundle 'tpope/vim-endwise' Bundle 'tpope/vim-fugitive' Bundle 'tpope/vim-rails' Bundle 'tpope/vim-surround' Bundle 'vim-ruby/vim-ruby' Bundle 'vim-scripts/ctags.vim' Bundle 'vim-scripts/matchit.zip' Bundle 'vim-scripts/tComment' Bundle "mattn/emmet-vim" Bundle "scrooloose/nerdtree" Bundle "Lokaltog/vim-powerline" Bundle "godlygeek/tabular" Bundle "msanders/snipmate.vim" Bundle "jelera/vim-javascript-syntax" Bundle "altercation/vim-colors-solarized" Bundle "othree/html5.vim" Bundle "xsbeats/vim-blade" Bundle "Raimondi/delimitMate" Bundle "groenewege/vim-less" Bundle "evanmiller/nginx-vim-syntax" Bundle "Lokaltog/vim-easymotion" Bundle "tomasr/molokai"  if filereadable(expand("~/.vimrc.bundles.local"))  source ~/.vimrc.bundles.local endif  filetype on

Vim配置 (vimrc)download

 
   " Use Vim settings, rather then Vi settings. This setting must be as early as
" possible, as it has side effects.
set nocompatible  " Highlight current line au WinLeave * set nocursorline nocursorcolumn au WinEnter * set cursorline cursorcolumn set cursorline cursorcolumn  " Leader let mapleader = ","  set backspace=2 " Backspace deletes like most programs in insert mode set nobackup set nowritebackup set noswapfile " http://robots.thoughtbot.com/post/18739402579/global-gitignore#comment-458413287 set history=50 set ruler " show the cursor position all the time set showcmd " display incomplete commands set incsearch " do incremental searching set laststatus=2 " Always display the status line set autowrite " Automatically :write before running commands set confirm " Need confrimation while exit set fileencodings=utf-8,gb18030,gbk,big5  " Switch syntax highlighting on, when the terminal has colors " Also switch on highlighting the last used search pattern. if (&t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running")) && !exists("syntax_on")  syntax on endif  if filereadable(expand("~/.vimrc.bundles"))  source ~/.vimrc.bundles endif  filetype plugin indent on  augroup vimrcEx  autocmd!   " When editing a file, always jump to the last known cursor position.  " Don't do it for commit messages, when the position is invalid, or when  " inside an event handler (happens when dropping a file on gvim).  autocmd BufReadPost *  \ if &ft != 'gitcommit' && line("'\"") > 0 && line("'\"") <= line("$") |  \ exe "normal g`\"" |  \ endif   " Cucumber navigation commands  autocmd User Rails Rnavcommand step features/step_definitions -glob=**/* -suffix=_steps.rb  autocmd User Rails Rnavcommand config config -glob=**/* -suffix=.rb -default=routes   " Set syntax highlighting for specific file types  autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile Appraisals set filetype=ruby  autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.md set filetype=markdown   " Enable spellchecking for Markdown  autocmd FileType markdown setlocal spell   " Automatically wrap at 80 characters for Markdown  autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.md setlocal textwidth=80 augroup END  " Softtabs, 2 spaces set tabstop=2 set shiftwidth=2 set shiftround