Spring MVC提供了以下几种途径输出模型数据:
1)ModelAndView:处理方法返回值类型为ModelAndView时,方法体即可通过该对象添加模型数据;
2)Map及Model:处理方法入参为org.springframework.ui.Model、org.springframework.ui.ModelMap或java.util.Map时,处理方法返回时,Map中的数据会自动被添加到模型中;
3)@SessionAttributes:将模型中的某个属性暂存到HttpSeession中,以便多个请求之间可以共享这个属性;
4)@ModelAttribute:方法入参标注该注解后,入参的对象就会放到数据模型中。
在SpringMVC的hanlder类中用@ModelAttribute标注的方法,会在该handler内所有目标(action)方法执行之前被SpringMVC调用。
用法示例:
Account.java
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
1 package com.dx.springlearn.entities; 2 3 public class Account { 4 public Integer id; 5 private String username; 6 private String password; 7 private String registerDate; 8 private String registerIP; 9 10 public Account() { 11 } 12 13 public Account(Integer id, String username, String password, String registerDate, String registerIP) { 14 super(); 15 this.id = id; 16 this.username = username; 17 this.password = password; 18 this.registerDate = registerDate; 19 this.registerIP = registerIP; 20 } 21 22 public Account(String username, String password, String registerDate, String registerIP) { 23 super(); 24 this.username = username; 25 this.password = password; 26 this.registerDate = registerDate; 27 this.registerIP = registerIP; 28 } 29 30 public Integer getId() { 31 return id; 32 } 33 34 public void setId(Integer id) { 35 this.id = id; 36 } 37 38 public String getUsername() { 39 return username; 40 } 41 42 public void setUsername(String username) { 43 this.username = username; 44 } 45 46 public String getPassword() { 47 return password; 48 } 49 50 public void setPassword(String password) { 51 this.password = password; 52 } 53 54 public String getRegisterDate() { 55 return registerDate; 56 } 57 58 public void setRegisterDate(String registerDate) { 59 this.registerDate = registerDate; 60 } 61 62 public String getRegisterIP() { 63 return registerIP; 64 } 65 66 public void setRegisterIP(String registerIP) { 67 this.registerIP = registerIP; 68 } 69 70 @Override 71 public String toString() { 72 return "Account [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", registerDate=" 73 + registerDate + ", registerIP=" + registerIP + "]"; 74 } 75 76 77 }
Handler类TestModelData.java
1 package com.dx.springlearn.hanlders; 2 3 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; 4 import java.util.Date; 5 import java.util.Map; 6 7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; 9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 10 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; 11 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; 12 13 import com.dx.springlearn.entities.Account; 14 15 @Controller 16 public class TestModelData { 17 private final String SUCCESS = "success"; 18 19 @ModelAttribute 20 public void getAccount(@RequestParam(name = "id", required = false) Integer id, Map<String, Object> map) { 21 if (id != null) { 22 System.out.println("read account(id=" + id + ") from db"); 23 Account account = new Account(1, "tommy", "123456", "2018-01-20 21:56:09", "127.0.0.1"); 24 map.put("account", account); 25 } else { 26 System.out.println("the acount id is null"); 27 } 28 } 29 30 @RequestMapping("/testModelAttribute") 31 public ModelAndView testModelAttribute(Account account) { 32 System.out.println("accept account:" + account); 33 String viewName = SUCCESS; 34 ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(viewName); 35 modelAndView.addObject("currentTime", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date())); 36 37 return modelAndView; 38 } 39 }
测试表单页面:
<form id="form_testModelAttribute" action="testModelAttribute" method="POST"> <input name="id" type="hidden" value="1"/> username:<input name="username" type="text" value="tommy" /><br> <!-- password:<input name="password" type="password" /><br> --> register date:<input name="registerDate" type="text" value="2018-01-20 21:56:09" /><br> register ip:<input name="registerIP" type="text" value="127.0.0.1"/><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"/> </form>
除了handler目标方法参数第一个参数名称与存放到map中的对象名称一致外,也可以使用@ModelAttribute标注handler目标方法参数:
package com.dx.springlearn.hanlders; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import com.dx.springlearn.entities.Account; @Controller public class TestModelData { private final String SUCCESS = "success"; @ModelAttribute public void getAccount(@RequestParam(name = "id", required = false) Integer id, Map<String, Object> map) { if (id != null) { System.out.println("read account(id=" + id + ") from db"); Account account = new Account(1, "tommy", "123456", "2018-01-20 21:56:09", "127.0.0.1"); map.put("testabc", account); } else { System.out.println("the acount id is null"); } } @RequestMapping("/testModelAttribute") public ModelAndView testModelAttribute(@ModelAttribute("testabc") Account account) { System.out.println("accept account:" + account); String viewName = SUCCESS; ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(viewName); modelAndView.addObject("currentTime", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date())); return modelAndView; } }
运行流程:
1)运行有@ModelAttribute注解标注的方法:从数据库中取出对象,把对象放入到Map中,键值为:user;
2)SpringMVC从Map中取出User对象,并把表单的请求参数赋值给该User对象的对应属性;
3)SpringMVC把上述对象传入目标方法的参数(参数名称必须与Map中的键值一致)。
注意:在@ModelAttribute修饰的方法中,放入Map是的键类型要与目标方法入参类型一直,而且Map是的键名称要与目标方法入参的参数名一致。