如何创建一个WebService

今天我们来看一下如何在VS2008中创建并应用一个基本的WebService。

场景：利用VS2008建立一个WebService,改服务取得Northwind下的 Customers表格数据。
        ASPX页面调用该服务，并将结果以GridView的形式显示在界面上。

首先，我们当然是做一个service了。
我们通过菜单生成一个Web Service，命名为：Customers,它的完整名字是：Customers.asmx。
代码如下：

using  System;
using  System.Collections;
using  System.ComponentModel;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Web;
using  System.Web.Services;
using  System.Web.Services.Protocols;
using  System.Xml.Linq;

using  System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace  BlogNet.WebService
{
    [WebService(Namespace  =   " http://www.cnblogs.com/davidgu/customers " )]
    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo  =  WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
    [ToolboxItem( false )]
     //  To allow this Web Service to be called from script, using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line. 
     //  [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
     public   class  Customers : System.Web.Services.WebService
    {

        [WebMethod]
         public  DataSet GetCustomers()
        {
            SqlConnection conn;
            SqlDataAdapter myDataAdapter;
            DataSet myDataSet;
             string  cmdString  =   " Select * From Customers " ;

            conn  =   new  SqlConnection( " Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=Northwind;Integrated Security=True " );
            myDataAdapter  =   new  SqlDataAdapter(cmdString, conn);

            myDataSet  =   new  DataSet();
            myDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet,  " Customers " );

             return  myDataSet;
        }
    }
}

然后，我们需要在我们的solution中引用该服务。
鼠标点击solution，
a) 右键菜单－>Add Web Reference,在弹出的对话框中，
b) 我们选择" Web services in this solution "，
c) 再选择我们刚刚创建的Customers服务。
d) 然后在Web reference Name中我们给我们的服务取个有意义的名字为：WS_Customers。

这些做好以后，我们可以观察在Web.config文件中自动生成了一些东西，如下：

< applicationSettings >
   < BlogNet.Properties.Settings >
    < setting  name ="BlogNet_WS_Customers_Customers"  serializeAs ="String" >
     < value > http://localhost:1408/WebService/Customers.asmx </ value >
    </ setting >
   </ BlogNet.Properties.Settings >
  </ applicationSettings >
</ configuration >

最后，我们写一下客户端页面如下：

<% @ Page Language = " C# "  AutoEventWireup = " true "  CodeBehind = " testCustomer.aspx.cs "  Inherits = " BlogNet.WebService.testCustomer "   %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >

< html  xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"   >
< head  runat ="server" >
     < title > ASP.NET - 建立WebService </ title >
</ head >
< body >
     < form  id ="form1"  runat ="server" >
     < div >
    
     < asp:GridView  ID ="GridView1"  
        runat ="server"  
        AutoGenerateColumns ="False"
        AllowPaging ="True"  
        AllowSorting ="True"  
        PageSize ="20"  
        OnPageIndexChanging ="GridView1_PageIndexChanging" >
         < Columns >
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="CustomerID"  HeaderText ="CustomerID"  ReadOnly ="True"  
                SortExpression ="CustomerID"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="CompanyName"  HeaderText ="CompanyName"  
                SortExpression ="CompanyName"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="ContactName"  HeaderText ="ContactName"  
                SortExpression ="ContactName"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="ContactTitle"  HeaderText ="ContactTitle"  
                SortExpression ="ContactTitle"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="Address"  HeaderText ="Address"  
                SortExpression ="Address"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="City"  HeaderText ="City"  SortExpression ="City"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="Region"  HeaderText ="Region"  
                SortExpression ="Region"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="PostalCode"  HeaderText ="PostalCode"  
                SortExpression ="PostalCode"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="Country"  HeaderText ="Country"  
                SortExpression ="Country"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="Phone"  HeaderText ="Phone"  SortExpression ="Phone"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
             < asp:BoundField  DataField ="Fax"  HeaderText ="Fax"  SortExpression ="Fax"  NullDisplayText ="N/A"   />
         </ Columns >
     </ asp:GridView >
    
     </ div >
     </ form >
</ body >
</ html >

CS代码如下：

Code
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
using System.Xml.Linq;

using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace BlogNet.WebService
{
    [WebService(Namespace = "http://www.cnblogs.com/davidgu/customers")]
    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
    [ToolboxItem(false)]
    // To allow this Web Service to be called from script, using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line. 
    // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
    public class Customers : System.Web.Services.WebService
    {

        [WebMethod]
        public DataSet GetCustomers()
        {
            SqlConnection conn;
            SqlDataAdapter myDataAdapter;
            DataSet myDataSet;
            string cmdString = "Select * From Customers";

            conn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=Northwind;Integrated Security=True");
            myDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(cmdString, conn);

            myDataSet = new DataSet();
            myDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "Customers");

            return myDataSet;
        }
    }
}

运行下程序，网页上便会以分页形式把Customers表的数据全部以GridView列出来了。