单态定义:
Singleton模式主要作用是保证在Java应用程序中,一个类Class只有一个实例存在。
在很多操作中,比如建立目录 数据库连接都需要这样的单线程操作。
还有, singleton能够被状态化;这样,多个单态类在一起就可以作为一个状态仓库一样向外提供服务,比如,你要论坛中的帖子计数器,每次浏览一次需要计数,单态类能否保持住这个计数,并且能synchronize的安全自动加1,如果你要把这个数字永久保存到数据库,你可以在不修改单态接口的情况下方便的做到。
另外方面,Singleton也能够被无状态化。提供工具性质的功能,Singleton模式就为我们提供了这样实现的可能。使用Singleton的好处还在于可以节省内存,因为它限制了实例的个数,有利于Java垃圾回收(garbage collection)。
我们常常看到工厂模式中类装入器(class loader)中也用Singleton模式实现的,因为被装入的类实际也属于资源。
public class SingletonA {
public static boolean instanceFlag = false; //true if 1 instance
//private SingletonA instance;
private int i = 0;
// Set constructor private and do nothing
// Can not new a instance outside class
private SingletonA() {
}
public int getNum() {
return i;
}
public void setNum() {
i++;
}
public static SingletonA getInstance() {
if(! instanceFlag) {
instanceFlag = true;
return new SingletonA();
}
return null;
}
public void finalize() {
instanceFlag = false;
}
}
测试A
public class TestA {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Can not create a instance !
//SingletonA instance1 = new SingletonA();
SingletonA instance2 = SingletonA.getInstance();
if(instance2 != null) {
instance2.setNum();
System.out.println("i is:" + instance2.getNum());
}
SingletonA instance3 = SingletonA.getInstance();
if(instance3 == null) {
System.out.println("Can not get instance twice !");
}
}
}
实例2
public class SingletonB {
static private Hashtable registry = new Hashtable();
//static private SingletonB instance;
public static void Register(String name, SingletonB aInstance) {
registry.put(name, aInstance);
}
public static SingletonB GetInstance(String name) {
return LookUp(name);
}
protected static SingletonB LookUp(String name) {
return (SingletonB)registry.get(name);
}
}
public class SubSingletonB extends SingletonB {
public static boolean instanceFlag = false; //true if 1 instance
//private int i = 0;
public SubSingletonB() throws SingletonException {
if(instanceFlag) {
throw new SingletonException("Only can create a instance !");
} else {
instanceFlag = true;
super.Register("Sub1", this);
}
}
public void finalize() {
instanceFlag = false;
}
}
public class SingletonException extends RuntimeException {
public SingletonException() {
super();
}
public SingletonException(String s) {
super(s);
}
}
测试2.。
public class TestB {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// First we get a instance from SingletonB
SingletonB instance1 = SingletonB.GetInstance("Sub1");
if(instance1 == null) {
System.out.println("There is no such instance in registry !");
} else {
System.out.println(instance1.getClass());
}
// Then we register a new instance
try {
SingletonB instance2 = new SubSingletonB();
System.out.println("We had created a new instance named \"Sub1\" now");
} catch (SingletonException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
// To get instance again
instance1 = SingletonB.GetInstance("Sub1");
if(instance1 == null) {
System.out.println("There is no such instance in registry !");
} else {
System.out.println(instance1.getClass());
}
// Finally we create a new instance again
try {
SingletonB instance3 = new SubSingletonB();
System.out.println("We had created a new instance named \"Sub1\" now");
} catch (SingletonException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
结果
There is no such instance in registry !
We had created a new instance named "Sub1" now
class corner.dp.create.Singleton.SubSingletonB
Only can create a instance !