linux(centos)上配置nginx、mysql、php-fpm、redis开机启动<转>

原文 http://levi.cg.am/archives/2925

I、nginx开机启动

1. 在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本

   1	vi  /etc/init .d /nginx

2. 更改脚本权限

   1	chmod 775 /etc/init .d /nginx

3. 编写脚本内容

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   #!/bin/bash # nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server # it is v.0.0.2 version. # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server. #              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone. # processname: nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginxd= /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx_config= /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx .conf nginx_pid= /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx .pid RETVAL=0 prog= "nginx" # Source function library. .  /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions # Source networking configuration. .  /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 [ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0 # Start nginx daemons functions. start() { if [ -e $nginx_pid ]; then     echo "nginx already running...."     exit 1 fi     echo -n $ "Starting $prog: "     daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}     RETVAL=$?     echo     [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx     return $RETVAL } # Stop nginx daemons functions. stop() {          echo -n $ "Stopping $prog: "          killproc $nginxd          RETVAL=$?          echo          [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx .pid }   reload() {      echo -n $ "Reloading $prog: "      #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`      killproc $nginxd -HUP      RETVAL=$?      echo } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start)          start          ;; stop)          stop          ;; reload)          reload          ;; restart)          stop          start          ;; status)          status $prog          RETVAL=$?          ;; *)          echo $ "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"          exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL

4. 设置开机启动

   1	chkconfig nginxd on

II、设置mysql开机启动

1. 将mysql安装目录下 support-files目录下的mysql.server文件拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下并改名为mysqld，并更改权限

   1	chmod 775 /etc/init .d /mysqld

2. 设置开机启动

   1	chkconfig mysqld on

III、php-fpm开机启动

1. 在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本

   1	vi /etc/init .d /php-fpm

2. 更改脚本权限

   1	chmod 775 /etc/init .d /php-fpm

3. 编写脚本内容

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   #!/bin/sh # # php-fpm - this script starts and stops the php-fpm daemin # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # processname: php-fpm # config:      /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf   set -e   PATH= /usr/local/sbin : /usr/local/bin : /sbin : /bin : /usr/sbin : /usr/bin DESC= "php-fpm daemon" NAME=php-fpm DAEMON= /usr/local/php/sbin/ $NAME     // 这里设成自己的目录 CONFIGFILE= /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm .conf   // 这里设成自己的目录 PIDFILE= /usr/local/php/var/run/ $NAME.pid   // 这里设成自己的目录 SCRIPTNAME= /etc/init .d/$NAME   // 这里设成自己的目录   # If the daemon file is not found, terminate the script. test -x $DAEMON || exit 0   d_start(){      $DAEMON -y $CONFIGFILE || echo -n " already running" }   d_stop(){      kill -QUIT ` cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " no running" }   d_reload(){      kill -HUP ` cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " could not reload" }   case "$1" in      start)          echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"          d_start          echo "."          ;;      stop)          echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"          d_stop          echo "."          ;;      reload)          echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."          d_reload          echo "Reloaded."          ;;      restart)          echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"          d_stop          # Sleep for two seconds before starting again, this should give the nginx daemon some time to perform a graceful stop          sleep 2          d_start          echo "."          ;;      *)          echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload)" >&2          exit 3          ;; esac exit 0

4. 设置开机启动

   1	chkconfig php-fpm on

Ⅳ、设置redis开机启动

1. 在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本

   1	vi /etc/init .d /redis

2. 更改脚本权限

   1	chmod 775 /etc/init .d /redis

3. 编写脚本内容

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   ########################### PATH= /usr/local/bin : /sbin : /usr/bin : /bin   REDISPORT=6379 EXEC= /usr/local/bin/redis-server REDIS_CLI= /usr/local/bin/redis-cli   PIDFILE= /var/run/redis .pid CONF= "/etc/redis.conf"   case "$1" in      start)          if [ -f $PIDFILE ]          then                  echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"          else                  echo "Starting Redis server..."                  $EXEC $CONF          fi          if [ "$?" = "0" ]          then                echo "Redis is running..."          fi          ;;      stop)          if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]          then                  echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"          else                  PID=$( cat $PIDFILE)                  echo "Stopping ..."                  $REDIS_CLI -p $REDISPORT SHUTDOWN                  while [ -x ${PIDFILE} ]                 do                      echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."                      sleep 1                  done                  echo "Redis stopped"          fi          ;;     restart|force-reload)          ${0} stop          ${0} start          ;;    *)      echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2          exit 1 esac ##############################

4. 设置开机启动

   1	chkconfig redis on

至此，大功告成。可以用命令 chkconfig 查看开机启动服务列表

1	chkconfig --list

附录：

1、nigx重启错误

bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

这个是nginx重启是 经常遇到的。   网上找了很多信息 都是没有啥用。说的乱七八糟的。   发现原来是nginx重复重启。自己占用了端口。 解决方法

1	killall -9 nginx

杀掉nginx 进程  然后重启就行了。

1	service nginx restart

2、php-fpm 启动 关闭

php-fpm 不再支持 php-fpm 补丁具有的 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm (start|stop|reload)等命令，需要使用信号控制：

master进程可以理解以下信号

• SIGINT, SIGTERM 立刻终止
• SIGQUIT 平滑终止
• SIGUSR1 重新打开日志文件
• SIGUSR2 平滑重载所有worker进程并重新载入配置和二进制模块

示例：

1. php-fpm 关闭：

   1	kill -SIGINT ` cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm .pid`

2. php-fpm 重启：

   1	kill -SIGUSR2 ` cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm .pid`

其次配置文件不再使用的xml 格式，改为了INI，但是配置参数几乎和以前一样，可参照xml格式的格式配置。

3、nginx 启动 关闭

1. nginx的启动(nginx.conf文件基本上位于nginx主目录中的conf目录中)

   1	nginx -c nginx.conf

2. nginx的停止(nginx.pid文件基本上位于nginx主目录中的logs目录中)

   1	ps -ef | grep nginx

   可发现数个nginx进程,其中标有master的为主进程,其它为子进程, 停止nginx主要就是对主进程进行信号控制.

   1. 从容停止

      1	kill -QUIT ` cat nginx.pid`

   2. 快速停止

      1	kill -TERM ` cat nginx.pid`

      or

      1	kill -INT ` cat nginx.pid`

   3. 强制停止

      1	kill -9 ` cat nginx.pid`

3. nginx的平滑重启
   首先要验证新的配置文件是否正确:

   1	nginc -t -c nginx.conf

   成功后向主进程发送HUP信号即可: [/shell]kill -HUP `cat nginx.pid`[/shell]

4、nginx的平滑升级

1. 备份好旧的可执行文件,使用新版本替换旧版本
2. kill -USR2 旧版本的主进程PID 进行平滑升级, 此时新老版本共存
3. kill -WINCH 旧版本的主进程PID  逐步关闭旧主进程的工作进程
4. 当旧主进程产生的工作进程全部关闭后, 可以决定是否使用新版本还是旧版本.(需要使用kill命令来杀死新或旧主进程)

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   #!/bin/sh BASE_DIR= '/usr/local/' ${BASE_DIR}nginx /sbin/nginx -t -c ${BASE_DIR}nginx /conf/nginx .conf >& ${BASE_DIR}nginx /logs/nginx .start info=` cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx /logs/nginx .start` if [ ` echo $info | grep -c "syntax is ok" ` - eq 1 ]; then if [ ` ps aux| grep "nginx" | grep -c "master" ` == 1 ]; then kill -HUP ` cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx /logs/nginx .pid` echo "ok" else killall -9 nginx sleep 1 ${BASE_DIR}nginx /sbin/nginx fi else echo "######## error: ########" cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx /logs/nginx .start fi

5、CentOS修改系统环境变量

我这里拿php作为一个例子，我的php安装在/usr/local/webserver/php下，没有把php加入环境变量时，你在命令行执行

1 2	#查看当前php的版本信息 [root@CentOS ~] # php -v

会提示你此命令不存在。

下面详细说说linux下修改环境变量的方法

方法一：

在/etc/profile文件中添加变量【对所有用户生效（永久的）】
用VI在文件/etc/profile文件中增加变量，该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效，并且是“永久的”。

1	[root@CentOS ~] # vi /etc/profile

在文件末尾加上如下两行代码

1 2	PATH= /usr/local/webserver/php/bin :$PATH export PATH

如：

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# /etc/profile   # System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc   # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this # will prevent the need for merging in future updates.   pathmunge () {      case ":${PATH}:" in          *: "$1" :*)              ;;          *)              if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then                  PATH=$PATH:$1              else                  PATH=$1:$PATH              fi      esac }   if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then      if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then          # ksh workaround          EUID=` id -u`          UID=` id -ru`      fi      USER= "`id -un`"      LOGNAME=$USER      MAIL= "/var/spool/mail/$USER" fi   # Path manipulation if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then      pathmunge /sbin      pathmunge /usr/sbin      pathmunge /usr/local/sbin else      pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after      pathmunge /usr/sbin after      pathmunge /sbin after fi   HOSTNAME=` /bin/hostname 2> /dev/null ` HISTSIZE=1000 if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then      export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth else      export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups fi   export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL   # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200 # You could check uidgid reservation validity in # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then      umask 002 else      umask 022 fi   for i in /etc/profile .d/*.sh ; do      if [ -r "$i" ]; then          if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then              . "$i"          else              . "$i" > /dev/null 2>&1          fi      fi done   unset i unset pathmunge   PATH= /usr/local/webserver/php/bin :$PATH export PATH

要是刚才的修改马上生效，需要执行以下代码

1	[root@CentOS ~] # source /etc/profile

这时再查看系统环境变量，就能看见刚才加的东西已经生效了

1 2	[root@CentOS ~] # echo $PATH /usr/local/webserver/php/bin : /usr/lib/qt-3 .3 /bin : /usr/local/sbin : /usr/local/bin : /sbin : /bin : /usr/sbin : /usr/bin : /root/bin

现在就能直接使用php命令了（而不是像之前写很长一串/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php -v），例如查看当前php的版本

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[root@CentOS ~] # php -v PHP 5.3.8 (cli) (built: Jun 27 2012 14:28:20) Copyright (c) 1997-2011 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2011 Zend Technologies

方法二：

在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量【对单一用户生效（永久的）】
用VI在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量，改变量仅会对当前用户有效，并且是“永久的”。具体操作和方法1一样，这里就不在列举代码了。

方法三：

直接运行export命令定义变量【只对当前shell（BASH）有效（临时的）】

在shell的命令行下直接使用[export变量名=变量值]定义变量，该变量只在当前的shell（BASH）或其子shell（BASH）下是有效的，shell关闭了，变量也就失效了，再打开新shell时就没有这个变量，需要使用的话还需要重新定义。例如

1	export PATH= /usr/local/webserver/php/bin :$PATH

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/debmzhang/p/4195176.html