java akka actor,Akka Actor发送消息示例详解

本文概述

在Akka中, Actor通过发送和接收消息来相互交流。

Akka Actor发送消息

Akka提供了两个预定义的方法tell()和ask()进行消息交换。Actor可以通过以下方法将消息发送给另一个Actor。

1)Akka Actor tell()方法

它用于异步发送消息。它不会等待并阻止线程发送消息。它适用于”忘火”方法。你也可以使用！ (bang)感叹号发送消息。这是发送消息的首选方式。它提供了最佳的并发性和可伸缩性。

如果从Actor内部调用此方法, 则发送Actor的引用将与消息一起隐式传递。

如果从不是Actor的实例调用此方法, 则默认情况下, 发送者将是deadLetters actor引用。

Actor tell()方法示例

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props};

class ActorExample extends Actor{

def receive = {

case message:String => println("Message received: "+message+ " from - "+ self.path.name);

println("sender:"+ sender()); // returns ActorRef

}

}

object ActorExample{

def main(args:Array[String]){

val actorSystem = ActorSystem("ActorSystem");

val actor = actorSystem.actorOf(Props[ActorExample], "RootActor");

actor ! "Hello" // Sending message by using !

actor.tell("Hello", null); // Sending message by using tell() method

// Sender is not passed here.

}

}

输出

Message received: Hello from - RootActor

sender:Actor[akka://ActorSystem/deadLetters] // ActorRef refers to deadLetters

Message received: Hello from - RootActor

sender:Actor[akka://ActorSystem/deadLetters] // ActorRef refers to deadLetters

Akka Actor tell()方法示例2

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props};

class ActorExample extends Actor{

def receive = {

case message:String => println("Message received: "+message+ " from - "+ self.path.name);

println("Sender: "+sender())

var child = context.actorOf(Props[Actor2], "ChildActor");

child ! "Hello"

}

}

class Actor2 extends Actor{

def receive = {

case message:String => println("Message received: "+message+ " from - "+ self.path.name);

println("Sender: "+sender());

}

}

object ActorExample{

def main(args:Array[String]){

val actorSystem = ActorSystem("ActorSystem");

val actor = actorSystem.actorOf(Props[ActorExample], "RootActor");

actor ! "Hello"

}

}

输出

Message received: Hello from - RootActor

Sender: Actor[akka://ActorSystem/deadLetters]// Called from outside Actor

Message received: Hello from - ChildActor

Sender: Actor[akka://ActorSystem/user/RootActor#1451914889]// Called from within Actor

2)Akka Actor询问方法

在akka中, ask是一种模式, 涉及参与者和期货。 Ask用于异步发送消息, 它返回一个Future, 表示可能的答复。如果Actor没有回复并完成未来, 它将在超时期限后过期。超时时间过后, 它将引发TimeoutException。你可以使用其中一个吗？ (问号)或ask()发送消息。

如果你要响应, 则应始终倾向于使用Tell方法来提高性能, 而Ask方法则要优先。

Akka Actor询问方法示例

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props};

import akka.util.Timeout;

import scala.concurrent.Await

import akka.pattern.ask

import scala.concurrent.duration._

class ActorExample extends Actor{

def receive = {

case message:String => println("Message recieved: "+message);

}

}

object ActorExample{

def main(args:Array[String]){

val actorSystem = ActorSystem("ActorSystem");

val actor = actorSystem.actorOf(Props[ActorExample], "RootActor");

implicit val timeout = Timeout(2 seconds);

val future = actor ? "Hello";

val result = Await.result(future, timeout.duration);

println(result);

}

}

输出

Message recieved: Hello

Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: Futures timed out after [2 seconds]

Akka Actor ask()方法示例2

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props, ActorRef};

import akka.util.Timeout;

import scala.concurrent.Await

import akka.pattern.ask

import scala.concurrent.duration._

class ActorExample extends Actor{

def receive = {

case message:String => println("Message received: "+message+" from outside actor instance");

println("Replaying");

val senderName = sender();

senderName ! "Hello, I got your message."; // Replying message

}

}

object ActorExample{

def main(args:Array[String]){

val actorSystem = ActorSystem("ActorSystem");

val actor = actorSystem.actorOf(Props[ActorExample], "RootActor");

implicit val timeout = Timeout(10 seconds);

val future = actor ? "Hello";

val result = Await.result(future, timeout.duration);

println("Message received: "+result);

}

}

输出

Message received: Hello from outside actor instance

Replaying

Message received: Hello, I got your message.

Akka Actor询问方法示例3

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props};

import akka.util.Timeout;

import scala.concurrent.Await

import akka.pattern.ask

import scala.concurrent.duration._

class ActorExample extends Actor{

def receive = {

case message:String => println("Message received: "+message+" from outside actor instance");

Thread.sleep(5000); // actor thread is sleeping

println("Replaying");

val senderName = sender();

senderName ! "Hello, I got your message."; // Replying message

}

}

object ActorExample{

def main(args:Array[String]){

val actorSystem = ActorSystem("ActorSystem");

val actor = actorSystem.actorOf(Props[ActorExample], "RootActor");

implicit val timeout = Timeout(2 seconds);

val future = actor ? "Hello";

val result = Await.result(future, timeout.duration);

println("Message received: "+result);

}

}

输出

Message received: Hello from outside actor instance

Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: Futures timed out after [2 seconds]