volatile是否能保证数组中元素的可见性？

在javaeye有位朋友问了我一个非常好的问题。

问题

一个线程向volatile的数组中设置值，而另一个线程向volatile的数组中读取。
比如seg.setValue(2)，随后另一个线程调用seg.getValue(2)，前一个线程设置的值对读取的线程是可见的吗？

我看书上说volatile的数组只针对数组的引用具有volatile的语义，而不是它的元素。

ConcurrentHashMap中也有这样的代码，我很疑惑，希望得到你的解答，谢谢。

查看源代码

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01	public class Seg {

02

03	private volatile Object[] tabs = new Object[10];

04

05	public void setValue(int index) {

06	tabs[index] = new Object();

07

}

08

09	public Object getValue(int index) {

10	return tabs[index];

11

}

12

}

我的回答

我做了实验证实这句话是正确的，“volatile的数组只针对数组的引用具有volatile的语义，而不是它的元素”。

测试代码如下：
private static volatile Object[] tabs = new Object[10];

public static void main(String[] args) {
tabs[0]=1;

tabs=new Object[10];
}

编译成汇编语句如下

查看源代码

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001	Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM warning: PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output

002	CompilerOracle: compileonly *ArrayTest.main

003	Loaded disassembler from D:\java\jdk1.6.0_33\jre\bin\client\hsdis-i386.dll

004	Decoding compiled method 0x009ec7c8:

005

Code:

006	[Disassembling for mach='i386']

007	[Entry Point]

008	[Verified Entry Point]

009	[Constants]

010	# {method} 'main' '([Ljava/lang/String;)V' in 'volatileTest/ArrayTest'

011	# parm0: ecx = '[Ljava/lang/String;'

012	# [sp+0x30] (sp of caller)

013	0x009ec8e0: mov %eax,-0x3000(%esp)

014	0x009ec8e7: push %ebp

015	0x009ec8e8: sub $0x28,%esp

016	0x009ec8eb: mov $0x32aa1eb0,%esi ; {oop('volatileTest/ArrayTest')}

017	0x009ec8f0: mov 0x150(%esi),%edi ;*getstatic tabs

018	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@0 (line 7)

019	0x009ec8f6: mov $0x1,%ecx ;*invokestatic valueOf

020	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@5 (line 7)

021	0x009ec8fb: mov %esi,0x14(%esp)

022	0x009ec8ff: mov %edi,0x10(%esp)

023	0x009ec903: call 0x009ad340 ; OopMap{[20]=Oop [16]=Oop off=40}

024	;*invokestatic valueOf

025	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@5 (line 7)

026	; {static_call}

027	0x009ec908: mov 0x10(%esp),%edi

028	0x009ec90c: lea 0xc(%edi),%ebx

029	0x009ec90f: cmpl $0x0,0x8(%edi) ; implicit exception: dispatches to 0x009eca07

030	0x009ec916: jbe 0x009eca11

031	0x009ec91c: cmp $0x0,%eax

032	0x009ec91f: je 0x009ec960

033	0x009ec925: mov 0x4(%edi),%edx ; implicit exception: dispatches to 0x009eca1d

034	0x009ec928: mov 0x4(%eax),%esi

035	0x009ec92b: mov 0x88(%edx),%edx

036	0x009ec931: cmp %edx,%esi

037	0x009ec933: je 0x009ec960

038	0x009ec939: mov 0x10(%edx),%edi

039	0x009ec93c: cmp (%esi,%edi,1),%edx

040	0x009ec93f: je 0x009ec960

041	0x009ec945: cmp $0x14,%edi

042	0x009ec948: jne 0x009eca22

043	0x009ec94e: push %esi

044	0x009ec94f: push %edx

045	0x009ec950: call 0x009ebb40 ; {runtime_call}

046	0x009ec955: pop %esi

047	0x009ec956: pop %edx

048	0x009ec957: cmp $0x0,%edx

049	0x009ec95a: je 0x009eca22

050	0x009ec960: mov %eax,(%ebx)

051	0x009ec962: shr $0x9,%ebx

052	0x009ec965: movb $0x0,0x28eb100(%ebx) ;*aastore

053	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@8 (line 7)

054	0x009ec96c: mov $0xa,%ebx

055	0x009ec971: mov $0x37a0e380,%edx ; {oop('java/lang/Object'[])}

056	0x009ec976: mov %ebx,%edi

057	0x009ec978: cmp $0xffffff,%ebx

058	0x009ec97e: ja 0x009eca27

059	0x009ec984: mov $0x13,%esi

060	0x009ec989: lea (%esi,%ebx,4),%esi

061	0x009ec98c: and $0xfffffff8,%esi

062	0x009ec98f: mov %fs:0x0(,%eiz,1),%ecx

063	0x009ec997: mov -0xc(%ecx),%ecx

064	0x009ec99a: mov 0x34(%ecx),%eax

065	0x009ec99d: lea (%eax,%esi,1),%esi

066	0x009ec9a0: cmp 0x3c(%ecx),%esi

067	0x009ec9a3: ja 0x009eca27

068	0x009ec9a9: mov %esi,0x34(%ecx)

069	0x009ec9ac: sub %eax,%esi

070	0x009ec9ae: movl $0x1,(%eax)

071	0x009ec9b4: mov %edx,0x4(%eax)

072	0x009ec9b7: mov %ebx,0x8(%eax)

073	0x009ec9ba: sub $0xc,%esi

074	0x009ec9bd: je 0x009ec9e3

075	0x009ec9c3: xor %ebx,%ebx

076	0x009ec9c5: shr $0x3,%esi

077	0x009ec9c8: jae 0x009ec9d8

078	0x009ec9ce: mov %ebx,0xc(%eax,%esi,8)

079	0x009ec9d2: je 0x009ec9e3

080	0x009ec9d8: mov %ebx,0x8(%eax,%esi,8)

081	0x009ec9dc: mov %ebx,0x4(%eax,%esi,8)

082	0x009ec9e0: dec %esi

083	0x009ec9e1: jne 0x009ec9d8

084	0x009ec9e3: mov 0x14(%esp),%esi

085	0x009ec9e7: mov %eax,0x150(%esi)

086	0x009ec9ed: shr $0x9,%esi

087	0x009ec9f0: movb $0x0,0x28eb100(%esi)

088	0x009ec9f7: lock addl $0x0,(%esp) ;*putstatic tabs

089	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@14 (line 9)

090	0x009ec9fc: add $0x28,%esp

091	0x009ec9ff: pop %ebp

092	0x009eca00: test %eax,0x950100 ; {poll_return}

093	0x009eca06: ret

094	0x009eca07: call 0x009ea4d0 ; OopMap{[20]=Oop eax=Oop edi=Oop off=300}

095

;*aastore

096	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@8 (line 7)

097	; {runtime_call}

098	0x009eca0c: call 0x009ea4d0 ; OopMap{[20]=Oop eax=Oop edi=Oop off=305}

099

;*aastore

100	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@8 (line 7)

101	; {runtime_call}

102	0x009eca11: movl $0x0,(%esp)

103	0x009eca18: call 0x009ea1d0 ; OopMap{[20]=Oop eax=Oop edi=Oop off=317}

104

;*aastore

105	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@8 (line 7)

106	; {runtime_call}

107	0x009eca1d: call 0x009ea4d0 ; OopMap{[20]=Oop eax=Oop off=322}

108

;*aastore

109	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@8 (line 7)

110	; {runtime_call}

111	0x009eca22: call 0x009eb850 ; OopMap{[20]=Oop eax=Oop off=327}

112

;*aastore

113	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@8 (line 7)

114	; {runtime_call}

115	0x009eca27: call 0x009eb1c0 ; OopMap{[20]=Oop off=332}

116	;*anewarray

117	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@11 (line 9)

118	; {runtime_call}

119	0x009eca2c: jmp 0x009ec9e3

120	0x009eca2e: nop

121	0x009eca2f: nop

122	0x009eca30: mov %fs:0x0(,%eiz,1),%esi

123	0x009eca38: mov -0xc(%esi),%esi

124	0x009eca3b: mov 0x184(%esi),%eax

125	0x009eca41: movl $0x0,0x184(%esi)

126	0x009eca4b: movl $0x0,0x188(%esi)

127	0x009eca55: add $0x28,%esp

128	0x009eca58: pop %ebp

129	0x009eca59: jmp 0x009bb5c0 ; {runtime_call}

130	0x009eca5e: hlt

131	0x009eca5f: hlt

132	[Stub Code]

133	0x009eca60: nop ; {no_reloc}

134	0x009eca61: nop

135	0x009eca62: mov $0x0,%ebx ; {static_stub}

136	0x009eca67: jmp 0x009eca67 ; {runtime_call}

137	[Exception Handler]

138	0x009eca6c: call 0x009eb600 ; {runtime_call}

139	0x009eca71: push $0x6db038d4 ; {external_word}

140	0x009eca76: call 0x009eca7b

141	0x009eca7b: pusha

142	0x009eca7c: call 0x6da09de0 ; {runtime_call}

143	0x009eca81: hlt

144	[Deopt Handler Code]

145	0x009eca82: push $0x9eca82 ; {section_word}

146	0x009eca87: jmp 0x009ad970 ; {runtime_call}

 

可以看到line 7给数组的某个元素赋值时没有lock前缀的指令。
而修改数组line 9才有lock前缀的指令。

查看源代码

打印 帮助

1	0x009ec9f7: lock addl $0x0,(%esp) ;*putstatic tabs

2	; - volatileTest.ArrayTest::main@14 (line 9)