Semaphore即信号量,维护一堆许可。初始化时会设置一个计数器值,当调用acquire方法时,如果此时计数器值为0,则阻塞直到计数值大于0;否则计数器值减一,当前线程继续执行。
当release()方法调用时,计数器值会加一。
Semaphore经常被用于限制一定数量的线程来访问某资源。
如下例使用Semaphore来控制对items 池的访问。
class Pool {
private static final int MAX_AVAILABLE = 100;
private final Semaphore available = new Semaphore(MAX_AVAILABLE, true);
public Object getItem() throws InterruptedException {
available.acquire();
return getNextAvailableItem();
}
public void putItem(Object x) {
if (markAsUnused(x))
available.release();
}
// Not a particularly efficient data structure; just for demo
protected Object[] items = ... whatever kinds of items being managed
protected boolean[] used = new boolean[MAX_AVAILABLE];
protected synchronized Object getNextAvailableItem() {
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_AVAILABLE; ++i) {
if (!used[i]) {
used[i] = true;
return items[i];
}
}
return null; // not reached
}
protected synchronized boolean markAsUnused(Object item) {
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_AVAILABLE; ++i) {
if (item == items[i]) {
if (used[i]) {
used[i] = false;
return true;
} else
return false;
}
}
return false;
}
}