【Tips】Linux 系统挂载硬盘方法

1. 查看磁盘情况

   [root@ecs-001 ~]# fdisk -l
   Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk label type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x000f5671
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   /dev/vda1   *        2048    83886079    41942016   83  Linux
   Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   [root@ecs-001 ~]#
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2. 分区

   [root@ecs-001 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
   Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
   Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
   Be careful before using the write command.
   Device does not contain a recognized partition table
   Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x33ea66f2.
   Command (m for help): n
   Partition type:
      p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
      e   extended
   Select (default p): p
   Partition number (1-4, default 1):
   First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):
   Using default value 2048
   Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999):
   Using default value 1048575999
   Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 GiB is set
   Command (m for help): w
   The partition table has been altered!
   Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
   Syncing disks.
   [root@ecs-001 ~]#
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3. 再次查看磁盘状况

   [root@ecs-001 ~]# fdisk -l
   Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk label type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x000f5671
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   /dev/vda1   *        2048    83886079    41942016   83  Linux
   Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk label type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x41dc13e5
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   /dev/vdb1            2048  1048575999   524286976   83  Linux
   [root@ecs-001 ~]#
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4. 格式化分区

   [root@ecs-001 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb
   mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
   Filesystem label=
   OS type: Linux
   Block size=4096 (log=2)
   Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
   Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
   32768000 inodes, 131072000 blocks
   6553600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
   First data block=0
   Maximum filesystem blocks=2279604224
   4000 block groups
   32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
   8192 inodes per group
   Superblock backups stored on blocks:
           32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
           4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
           102400000
   Allocating group tables: done
   Writing inode tables: done
   Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
   Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
   [root@ecs-001 ~]#
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5. 创建挂在目录（本例直接挂载到 /home 下）

   [root@ecs-001 ~]# mount /dev/vdb /home
   [root@ecs-001 ~]# df -h
   Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/vda1        40G  1.9G   36G   5% /
   devtmpfs        7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
   tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
   tmpfs           7.8G  8.6M  7.8G   1% /run
   tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
   tmpfs           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
   /dev/vdb        493G   73M  467G   1% /home
   [root@ecs-001 ~]#
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6. 设置开机自动挂载

   [root@ecs-001 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
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   修改 fstab 文件：增加挂载 /dev/vdb /home ext4 defaults 0 0

   #
   # /etc/fstab
   # Created by anaconda on Sun Dec  2 04:14:49 2018
   #
   # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
   # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
   #
   UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
   /dev/vdb    /home    ext4    defaults    0 0
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   保存退出

7. 重启服务器

   [root@ecs-001 ~]# reboot
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转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5c4ac358e51d455226656e77