1．重做复习题3，但用月份名的拼写代替月份号(别忘了可以使用strcmp())。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int days(char *p);
struct month {
char name[10];
char abbrev[4];
int days;
int monumb;
};
struct month months[12]={
{"january", "jan",31,1},
{"february", "feb",28,2},
{"march", "mar",31,3},
{"april", "apr",30,4},
{"may", "may",31,5},
{"june", "jun",30,6},
{"july", "jul",31,7},
{"august", "aug",31,8},
{"september", "sep",30,9},
{"october", "oct",31,10},
{"november", "nov",30,11},
{"december", "dec",31,12}
};
int main()
{
char input[10];
int daytotal;
printf("Enter the name of a month: ");
while(gets(input)!=NULL && input[0]!='\0')
{
daytotal = days(input);
if(daytotal>0)
printf("There are %d days through %s.\n",daytotal,input);
else
printf("%s is not valid input.\n",input);
printf("Next month(empty line to quit): ");
}
puts("bye");
return 0;
}
int days(char *p)
{
int i=0,total=0;
while(p[i]!='\0')
{
p[i]=tolower(p[i]);
i++;
}
for(i=0;i<12;i++)
{
total+=months[i].days;
if(strcmp(p,months[i].name)==0)
return total;
}
return -1;
}
2、编写一个程序，请求用户输入日、月、年。月份可以是月份号、月份名或月份缩写。然后程序返回一年中到给定日子的总天数。
#include <stdio.h>
int days(int day,int month,int year);
int leapyear(int year);
struct month {
char name[10];
char abbrev[4];
int days;
int monumb;
};
struct month months[12]={
{"january", "jan",31,1},
{"february", "feb",28,2},
{"march", "mar",31,3},
{"april", "apr",30,4},
{"may", "may",31,5},
{"june", "jun",30,6},
{"july", "jul",31,7},
{"august", "aug",31,8},
{"september", "sep",30,9},
{"october", "oct",31,10},
{"november", "nov",30,11},
{"december", "dec",31,12}
};
int main()
{
int day=1,mon=12,year=1,daytotal;
printf("Enter the number of day,month,year: ");
while(scanf("%d%d%d",&day,&mon,&year)==3)
{
daytotal = days(day,mon,year);
if(daytotal>0)
printf("There are %d days through day %d,month %d,year %d.\n",daytotal,day,mon,year);
else
printf("day %d,mon %d,year %d is not valid input.\n",day,mon,year);
printf("Next month(q to quit): ");
}
puts("bye");
return 0;
}
int days(int day,int mon,int year)
{
int i,total;
if(leapyear(year)) months[1].days=29;
else months[1].days=28;
if(mon<1 || mon>12 || day<1 || day>months[mon-1].days)
return -1;
else
{
for(i=0,total=0;i<mon-1;i++)
total+=months[i].days;
return total+day;
}
}
int leapyear(int year)
{
if(year%400 == 0)
return 1;
else if(year%100 !=0 && year%4 ==0)
return 1;
else return 0;
}
3．修改程序清单l4.2中的书目列表程序，使它首先按照输入的顺序输出图书的描述，然后按照标题的字母升序输出图书的描述，最后按照value值的升序输出图书的描述。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void sort_title (struct book *p,int count);
void sort_value (struct book *p,int count);
#define MAXTITL 40
#define MAXAUTL 40
#define MAXBKS 100
struct book {
char title[MAXTITL];
char author[MAXAUTL];
float value;
};
int main(void)
{
struct book library[MAXBKS];
int count=0;
int index;
printf("Please enter the book title.\n");
printf("Press [enter] at the start of a line to stop.\n");
while(count<MAXBKS && gets(library[count].title)!=NULL &&
library[count].title[0]!='\0')
{
printf("Now enter the author.\n");
gets(library[count].author);
printf("Now enter the value.\n");
scanf("%f",&library[count++].value);
while(getchar()!='\n')
continue;
if(count<MAXBKS)
printf("Enter the next title.\n");
}
if(count>0)
{
printf("Here is the list of your books:\n");
for(index=0;index<count;index++)
printf("%s by %s: $%.2f\n",library[index].title,
library[index].author,library[index].value);
printf("Here is the list of your books by title:\n");
sort_title(&library[0],count);
for(index=0;index<count;index++)
printf("%s by %s: $%.2f\n",library[index].title,
library[index].author,library[index].value);
printf("Here is the list of your books by value:\n");
sort_title(&library[0],count);
for(index=0;index<count;index++)
printf("%s by %s: $%.2f\n",library[index].title,
library[index].author,library[index].value);
}
else
printf("No books?Too bad.\n");
return 0;
}
void sort_title(struct book *p,int count)
{
int i,j;
struct book temp;
for(i=0;i<count-1;i++)
for(j=0;j<count-1-i;j++)
if(strcmp(p[j].title,p[j+1].title)>0)
{
temp=p[j];
p[j]=p[j+1];
p[j+1]=temp;
}
}
void sort_value(struct book *p,int count)
{
int i,j;
struct book temp;
for(i=0;i<count-1;i++)
for(j=0;j<count-1-i;j++)
if(p[j].value > p[j+1].value)
{
temp=p[j];
p[j]=p[j+1];
p[j+1]=temp;
}
}
4．编写一个程序。按照下列要求，创建一个含有两个成员的结构模板：
a．第一个成员是社会保障号；第二个成员是一个含三个成员的结构。它的第一个成员是名，第二个成员是名和姓中间的名字，最后一个成员是姓。创建并初始化一个含有5个此类结构的数组。程序以下列形式输出数据：
名和姓中间的名字只输出了它的第一个字母，后面加了一个句点。如果姓名中间的名字为空，那么它的第一个字母和句点都不会输出（当然喽）。写一个函数来实现输出，把结构数组传递给这个函数。
#include <stdio.h>
struct names {
char firstname[20];
char middlename[20];
char lastname[20];
};
struct persons{
int number;
struct names name;
};
void display(struct persons *p);
struct persons person[5]={
{302039823,{"Dribble","Mackede","Flossie"}},
{345345345,{"gadenfs","Kasdfas","Pszajkh"}},
{302039823,{"Kazsdfj","Aasdfaf","Mjasdfh"}},
{302039823,{"Qaadsef","","Yjsjdsh"}},
{302039823,{"Bsdsdfs","Fsjdsdd","Rshdsdf"}}
};
int main(void)
{
display(person);
return 0;
}
void display(struct persons *p)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
if(p[i].name.middlename[0]!='\0')
printf("%s, %s %c. --%d\n",p[i].name.firstname,
p[i].name.lastname,p[i].name.middlename[0],p[i].number);
else
printf("%s, %s --%d\n",p[i].name.firstname,p[i].name.lastname,
p[i].number);
}
b．修改a部分，传递结构的值而不是结构地址。
#include <stdio.h>
struct names {
char firstname[20];
char middlename[20];
char lastname[20];
};
struct persons{
int number;
struct names name;
};
void display(struct persons people[]);
struct persons person[5]={
{302039823,{"Dribble","Mackede","Flossie"}},
{345345345,{"gadenfs","Kasdfas","Pszajkh"}},
{302039823,{"Kazsdfj","Aasdfaf","Mjasdfh"}},
{302039823,{"Qaadsef","","Yjsjdsh"}},
{302039823,{"Bsdsdfs","Fsjdsdd","Rshdsdf"}}
};
int main(void)
{
display(person);
return 0;
}
void display(struct persons people[5])
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
if(people[i].name.middlename[0]!='\0')
printf("%s, %s %c. --%d\n",people[i].name.firstname,
people[i].name.lastname,people[i].name.middlename[0],people[i].number);
else
printf("%s, %s --%d\n",people[i].name.firstname,people[i].name.lastname,
people[i].number);
}
5．写一个程序，满足下列要求：
a．外部定义一个name结构模板，它含有2个成员： 一个字符串用于存放名字，另—个字符串用于存放姓氏。
b．外部定义一个student结构模板，它含有3个成员：一个 name结构，一个存放3个浮点数分数的 grade数组，以及一个存放这3个分数的平均分的变量。
c．使main()函数声明一个具自CSIZE (CSIZE=4)个student结构的数组，并随意初始化这些结构的名字部分。使用函数来执行d、e、f以及g部分所描述的任务。
d．请求用户输入学生姓名和分数，以交互地获取每个学生的成绩。将分数放到相应结构的grade数组成员中。您可以自主选择在main()或一个函数中实现这个循环。
e．为每个结构计算平均分，并把这个值赋给适合的成员。
f．输出每个结构中的信息。
g. 输出结构的每个数值成员的班级平均分。
#include <stdio.h>
#define CSIZE 4
#define SCORE 3
struct name {
char firstname[20];
char secondname[20];
};
struct student {
struct name names;
float score[SCORE];
float average;
};
void get_score(struct student *p);
void calculate_average(struct student *p);
void print_each(struct student *p);
void print_class_average(struct student *p);
int main()
{
struct student students[CSIZE]={
{ {"Aasdda", "Basdjas"}, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ {"Csdfss", "Ddsfsdd"}, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ {"Edfdsf", "Fsfdsfd"}, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ {"Gfdsse", "Hservvd"}, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
printf("selcet function: d, e, f, g\n");
printf("d: acquire scores for each student\n");
printf("e: Calculate the average score value for each structure and assign it to the proper member\n");
printf("f: Print the information in each structure\n");
printf("g: Print the class average for each of the numeric structure members\n");
while(1)
{
switch ( getchar() )
{
case 'd' : get_score(students); break;
case 'e' : calculate_average(students); break;
case 'f' : print_each(students); break;
case 'g' : print_class_average(students); break;
case '\n' : break;
default : puts("Bye"); return 0;
}
}
}
void get_score(struct student *p)
{
int i,j;
for (i = 0; i < CSIZE; i++)
{
printf("input the %d scores of %s %s:", SCORE, (p+i)->names.firstname, (p+i)->names.secondname);
for (j=0; j<SCORE; j++)
scanf("%f", &( (p+i)->score[j] ) );
}
printf("input finished!\n");
}
void calculate_average(struct student *p)
{
int i,j;
float total;
for (i = 0; i < CSIZE; i++)
{
for (j=0,total=0; j<SCORE; j++)
total += (p+i)->score[j] ;
(p+i)->average = total / SCORE ;
}
printf("calculate finished!\n");
}
void print_each(struct student *p)
{
int i,j;
float total;
for (i = 0; i < CSIZE; i++)
{
printf("%s %s:\t", (p+i)->names.firstname, (p+i)->names.secondname);
for (j=0,total=0; j<SCORE; j++)
printf("score%d: %g\t", j+1, (p+i)->score[j]);
printf("average: %g\n", (p+i)->average);
}
}
void print_class_average(struct student *p)
{
int i;
float total;
for (i = 0, total=0; i < CSIZE; i++)
total += (p+i)->average ;
printf("class average: %g\n", total / CSIZE);
}
6．一个文本文件中存放着一个棒球队的信息。每一行的数据都是这样排列的：
4 Jessie Joybat 5 2 1 1
第一项是球员号码，为了方便，范围是0到18。第二项是球员的名，第三项是姓。姓和名都是单个的单词。下一项是官方统计的球员上场次数，紧跟着是击中数、走垒数和跑点数( RBI)。文件可能包括超过一场比赛的数据，因此同一个球员可能会有多于一行的数据，而且在不同的行之间有可能有别的球员的数据。写一个程序，把这些数据存储到一个结构数组中。结构中必须含有姓、名、上场次数、击中数、走垒数和跑点数，以及击球平均成功率（稍后计算）。可以使用球员号码作为数组索引。程序应该读到文件末尾，并且应该保存每个球员的累计总和。
这个棒球运动中的统计方法是相关的。例如，一次走垒和触垒中的失误并不会记作上场次数，但是这可能产生一个RBI。可是，该程序所要做的只是处理数据文件，而不必关心数据的实际含义。
要实现这些功能，最简单的方法是把结构的内容初始化为零值，将文件数据读入临时变量中，然后把它们加到相应结构的内容中。程序读完文件后，应该计算每个球员的击球平均成功率，并把它保存到相应的结构成员里。计算击球平均成功率是用球员的累计击中数除以上场累计次数；这是个浮点数计算。然后程序要显示每个球员的累计数据，并且对整个时期显示一行综合统计数据。
//中文版的此题最后一句说“并且对整个时期显示一行综合统计数据”
//从英文原版来看，“时期”应为“队伍”(team)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX 10
struct member {
char firstname[10];
char lastname[10];
int bat;
int hit;
int walk;
int RBI;
float average;
};
void clear(struct member *p);
void get_info(struct member *p);
void cal_average(struct member *p);
void display(struct member *p);
int main(void)
{
struct member members[MAX];
clear(members); //清空结构数组
get_info(members);
cal_average(members);
display(members);
return 0;
}
void clear(struct member *p)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
{
strcpy(p[i].firstname,""); //把字符变量置空
strcpy(p[i].lastname,"");
p[i].bat=0;
p[i].hit=0;
p[i].walk=0;
p[i].RBI=0;
p[i].average=0;
}
}
void get_info(struct member *p)
{
int number,bat,hit,walk,RBI;
char firstname[20],lastname[20],filename[20]="c:\\info.txt";
FILE *fp;
printf("input the file name: ");
scanf("%s",filename);
while((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("cannot open filename.input again: ");
scanf("%s",filename);
}
while(fscanf(fp,"%d %s %s %d %d %d %d\n",&number,firstname,lastname,
&bat,&hit,&walk,&RBI)==7)
{
strcpy(p[number].firstname,firstname);
strcpy(p[number].lastname,lastname);
p[number].bat+=bat;
p[number].hit+=hit;
p[number].walk+=walk;
p[number].RBI+=RBI;
}
fclose(fp);
}
void cal_average(struct member *p)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
if(p[i].bat)
p[i].average=(float)p[i].hit / (float)p[i].bat;
}
void display(struct member *p)
{
int i;
struct member total={"","",0,0,0,0,0};
printf("%7s%10s%10s%5s%5s%5s%5s%10s\n","number", "firstname", "lastname", "bat", "hit", "walk", "RBI", "average");
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
if(p[i].bat)
{
printf("%7d%10s%10s%5d%5d%5d%5d%10g\n",i, p[i].firstname, p[i].lastname, p[i].bat, p[i].hit, p[i].walk, p[i].RBI, p[i].average);
total.bat+=p[i].bat;
total.hit+=p[i].hit;
total.walk+=p[i].walk;
total.RBI+=p[i].RBI;
}
if(total.bat)
total.average=(float)total.hit / (float)total.bat ;
printf("%27s%5d%5d%5d%5d%10g\n","total team", total.bat, total.hit, total.walk, total.RBI, total.average);
}
7、修改程序清单14.14，在从文件中读出每个记录并且显示它时，允许用户选择删除该记录或修改该记录的内容。如果删除记录，把空出来的数组空间留给下一个要读入的记录。要能够改变现有的文件内容，必须使用"r+b"模式，而不是"a+b"模式。要注意文件指针的定位，以便追加的记录不会覆盖已有的记录。最简单的方法是对存储在程序内存中的数据做所有的改变，然后再把最后的信息集写入文件中。
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#define MAXTITL 40
#define MAXAUTL 40
#define MAXBKS 10
int count=0;
struct book {
char title[MAXTITL];
char author[MAXAUTL];
float value;
};
void read_file(struct book *p,char * filename);
void display(struct book *p);
void change(struct book *p);
void reduce(struct book *p);
void add(struct book *p);
void write_file(struct book *p,char *str);
int main(void)
{
struct book library[MAXBKS];
char command[10];
read_file(library,"book.dat");
printf("select the functions: ");
printf("d: display all book c: change a book\n");
printf("r: reduce a book a: add books\n");
printf("other: save and quit:");
while(1)
{
gets(command);
switch(command[0])
{
case 'd': display(library);break;
case 'c': change(library);break;
case 'r': reduce(library);break;
case 'a': add(library);break;
default:write_file(library,"book.dat");
}
printf("select: d/c/r/a/other:");
}
}
void read_file(struct book *p,char *filename)
{
FILE *pbooks;
if((pbooks=fopen(filename,"a+b"))==NULL)
{
printf("Can't open %s file.",filename);
exit(1);
}
rewind(pbooks);
while(count<MAXBKS && fread(p+count,sizeof(struct book),1,filename)==1)
count++;
fclose(pbooks);
printf("Read %s successfully! There are %d books.",filename,count);
}
void display(struct book *p)
{
int i;
if(count==0)printf("There is no book!\n");
printf("book list for %d books.\n",count);
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
printf("%s by %s : $%.2f\n",p[i].title,p[i].author,p[i].value);
}
void change(struct book *p)
{
char title[MAXTITL];
int i;
printf("input the name of the book,which you want to change: ");
gets(title);
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
if(strcmp(p[i].title,title)==0)
{
puts("please add a new title: ");
gets(p[i].title);
puts("Now input the author: ");
gets(p[i].author);
puts("Now enter the valur: ");
scanf("%f",&p[i].value);
getchar();
puts("the book has been changed!");
}
printf("error!the book is not in the list.\n");
return;
}
void reduce(struct book *p)
{
int i;
char title[MAXTITL];
if(count==0)
{
printf("error!book list is empty!\n");
return;
}
printf("input the name of the book which you want to reduce: ");
gets(title);
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
if(strcmp(p[i].title,title)==0)
{
p[i]=p[count-1];
strcpy(p[count-1].title,"");
strcpy(p[count-1].author,"");
p[count-1].value=0;
count--;
printf("%s has been delete from book list.\n",title);
return;
}
printf("error!%s is not in book list.\n",title);
return;
}
void add(struct book *p)
{
if(count==MAXBKS)
{
fputs("error!the book list is full.",stderr);
return;
}
puts("Please add new book title");
puts("please enter at the start of a line to stop.");
while(count<MAXBKS && gets(p[count].title)!=NULL && p[count].title[0]!='\0')
{
puts("Now enter the author.");
gets(p[count].author);
puts("Now enter the value.");
scanf("%f",&p[count++].value);
getchar();
if(count<MAXBKS)
puts("Enter the next title.");
else
puts("The book list file is full.");
}
}
void write_file(struct book *p,char *str)
{
FILE *pbooks;
pbooks = fopen(str,"wb");
pbooks = fopen(str,"r+b");
fwrite(p,sizeof(struct book),count,pbooks);
fclose(pbooks);
}
8．巨人航空公司的机群由座位容量为12的飞机组成。它每天飞行一个航班。按照下面的功能，写一个座位预订程序：
a．程序使用一个含12个结构的数组。每个结构要包括一个用于标识座位的编号、一个表示座位是否已分配出去的标记、座位预订人的姓和座位预订人的名。
b．程序显示下面的菜单：
To choose a function, enter its letter label:
a) Show number of empty seats
b) Show list of empty seats
c) Show alphabetical list of seats
d) Assign a customer to a seat assignment
e) Delete a seat assignment
f) Quit
c. 程序应能执行菜单所给出的功能。选择d）和e）需要额外的输入，每一个选项都应当允许用户终止输入。
d．执行完一个特定的功能之后，程序再次显示菜单，除非选择了f)。
e．每次运行程序都把数据保存到一个文件中。当程序再次运行时，首先从文件中载入数据（如果有的话）。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX 12
struct seat {
int number;
int assign;
char lastname[10];
char firstname[10];
};
void read_file(struct seat *p,char *filename);
void choose(void);
void show_number_empty(struct seat *p);
void show_list_empy(struct seat *p);
void show_list(struct seat *p);
void assign_seat(struct seat *p);
void delete_seat(struct seat *p);
void write_file(struct seat *p,char * filename);
struct seat seats[MAX]={ //设置缺省
{101,0},
{102,0},
{103,0},
{104,0},
{105,0},
{106,0},
{107,0},
{108,0},
{109,0},
{110,0},
{111,0},
{112,0}
};
int main(void)
{
read_file(seats,"seat.dat");
choose();
return 0; //此句无用
}
void read_file(struct seat *p,char *filename)
{
FILE *pseats;
if((pseats=fopen(filename,"rb"))==NULL)
printf("Can't open %s file.So load default date.\n",filename);
else
{
rewind(pseats);
while(fread(p,sizeof(struct seat),MAX,pseats)==1)
continue;
fclose(pseats);
printf("read %s successfully!\n",filename);
}
}
void choose(void)
{
char command[10];
printf("\nTo choose a function,enter it's letter label:\n");
printf("a) Show number of empty seats\n");
printf("b) Show list of empty seats\n");
printf("c) Show alphabetical list of seats\n");
printf("d) Assign a customer to a seat assignment\n");
printf("e) Delete a seat assignment\n");
printf("f) Quit\n");
gets(command);
switch(command[0])
{
case 'a':show_number_empty(seats); break;
case 'b':show_list_empy(seats); break;
case 'c':show_list(seats);break;
case 'd':assign_seat(seats);break;
case 'e':delete_seat(seats);break;
default:write_file(seats,"seat.dat");
puts("Quit");
exit(1);
}
}
void show_number_empty(struct seat *p)
{
int i,n;
for(i=0,n=0;i<MAX;i++)
if(p[i].assign==0)
n++;
printf("There are %d empty seats.\n",n);
}
void show_list_empy(struct seat *p)
{
int i;
printf("empty seats:\n");
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
if(p[i].assign==0)
printf("number %d\n",p[i].number);
}
void show_list(struct seat *p)
{
int i;
printf("seat list:\n");
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
{
printf("number %d\t",p[i].number);
if(p[i].assign==1)
printf("full %s %s\n",p[i].firstname,p[i].lastname);
else
printf("empty\n");
}
}
void assign_seat(struct seat *p)
{
int number,i;
printf("Input the seat number:");
scanf("%d",&number);
getchar();
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
if(p[i].number==number)
{
if(p[i].assign==1)
printf("NO.%d seat is already assigned!\n",p[i].number);
else
{
printf("Input firstname of the holder:");
scanf("%s",p[i].firstname);
printf("Input lastname of the holder:");
scanf("%s",p[i].lastname);
getchar();
p[i].assign=1;
printf("assign NO.%d seat successfully!\n",p[i].number);
}
return;
}
printf("%d is a invalid seat number!",number);
}
void delete_seat(struct seat *p)
{
int number,i;
printf("Input the seat number:");
scanf("%d",&number);
getchar();
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
if(p[i].number==number)
{
if(p[i].assign==0)
printf("NO.%d seat is already empty!\n");
else
{
p[i].assign==0;
printf("delete NO.%d seat successfully!\n",number);
}
return;
}
printf("%d is a invalid seat number\n",number);
}
void write_file(struct seat *p,char *filename)
{
FILE *pseats;
if((pseats=fopen(filename,"wb"))==NULL)
{
printf("Can't open %s file.",filename);
exit(1);
}
fwrite(p,sizeof(struct seat),MAX,pseats);
fclose(pseats);
}
9．巨人航空公司（见第8题）需要另一架飞机（同样容量），并使它每天服务4个航班（航班102、311、444和519）。把程序扩展为能够处理4个航班。有一个顶层菜单可供选择航班和退出。选择了一个特定的航班，就会调出和第7题相似的菜单，但要加上一个新项：确认一个座位分配；并用一个退回顶层菜单的选项代替退出选项。每个显示要指明现在正在处理哪个航班。座位分配显示必须要指明确认状态。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define FLIGHT 4
#define SEAT 12
struct seat {
int number;
int assign;
char lastname[10];
char firstname[10];
};
struct flight{
int number;
struct seat seats[SEAT];
};
struct flight flights[4]={
{102},
{311},
{444},
{519}
};
void read_file(struct flight *p,char *filename);
void load_data(struct flight *p);
int choose_flight(void);
int choose_command(struct flight *p);
void show_number_empty(struct seat *p);
void show_list_empy(struct seat *p);
void show_list(struct seat *p);
void assign_seat(struct seat *p);
void delete_seat(struct seat *p);
void confirm_seat(struct seat *p);
void write_file(struct flight *p,char * filename);
int main(void)
{
int n;
read_file(flights,"seat.dat");
while(1)
{
n=choose_flight();
if(n<0 || n>=FLIGHT) break;
while(choose_command(&flights[n])) continue;
}
write_file(flights,"seat.dat");
puts("Quit");
return 0; //此句无用
}
void read_file(struct flight *p,char *filename)
{
FILE *pseats;
if((pseats=fopen(filename,"rb"))==NULL)
{
printf("Can't open %s file.So load default date.\n",filename);
load_data(p);
}
else
{
rewind(pseats);
while(fread(p,sizeof(struct flight),FLIGHT,pseats)==1)
continue;
fclose(pseats);
printf("read %s successfully!\n",filename);
}
}
void load_data(struct flight *p) //载入默认数据
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<FLIGHT;i++)
for(j=0;j<SEAT;j++)
{
p[i].seats[j].number=i*100+j;//按实际情况设置座位号
p[i].seats[j].assign=0;
}
}
int choose_flight(void) //返回航班下标
{
char command[10];
printf("\nTo choose a flight,enter its letter label:\n");
printf("a) Flights 102\n");
printf("b) Flights 311\n");
printf("c) Flights 444\n");
printf("d) Flights 519\n");
printf("e) Quit\n");
gets(command);
switch (command[0])
{
case 'a' : return 0;
case 'b' : return 1;
case 'c' : return 2;
case 'd' : return 3;
default : return 4;
}
}
int choose_command(struct flight *p)
{
char command[10];
printf("\nFlight %d:\n",p->number);
printf("To choose a function,enter it's letter label:\n");
printf("a) Show number of empty seats\n");
printf("b) Show list of empty seats\n");
printf("c) Show alphabetical list of seats\n");
printf("d) Assign a customer to a seat assignment\n");
printf("e) Delete a seat assignment\n");
printf("f) Confirm a seat assignment\n");
printf("g) Exit to the top-level munu\n");
gets(command);
switch(command[0])
{
case 'a':show_number_empty(p->seats); return 1;
case 'b':show_list_empy(p->seats); return 1;
case 'c':show_list(p->seats);return 1;
case 'd':assign_seat(p->seats);return 1;
case 'e':delete_seat(p->seats);return 1;
case 'f': confirm_seat( p->seats ); return 1;
default:return 0;
}
}
void show_number_empty(struct seat *p)
{
int i,n;
for(i=0,n=0;i<SEAT;i++)
if(p[i].assign==0)
n++;
printf("There are %d empty seats.\n",n);
}
void show_list_empy(struct seat *p)
{
int i;
printf("empty seats:\n");
for(i=0;i<SEAT;i++)
if(p[i].assign==0)
printf("number %d\n",p[i].number);
}
void show_list(struct seat *p)
{
int i;
printf("seat list:\n");
for(i=0;i<SEAT;i++)
{
printf("number %d\t",p[i].number);
if(p[i].assign==1)
printf("full %s %s\n",p[i].firstname,p[i].lastname);
else
printf("empty\n");
}
}
void assign_seat(struct seat *p)
{
int number,i;
printf("Input the seat number:");
scanf("%d",&number);
getchar();
for(i=0;i<SEAT;i++)
if(p[i].number==number)
{
if(p[i].assign==1)
printf("NO.%d seat is already assigned!\n",p[i].number);
else
{
printf("Input firstname of the holder:");
scanf("%s",p[i].firstname);
printf("Input lastname of the holder:");
scanf("%s",p[i].lastname);
getchar();
p[i].assign=1;
printf("assign NO.%d seat successfully!\n",p[i].number);
}
return;
}
printf("%d is a invalid seat number!",number);
}
void delete_seat(struct seat *p)
{
int number,i;
printf("Input the seat number:");
scanf("%d",&number);
getchar();
for(i=0;i<SEAT;i++)
if(p[i].number==number)
{
if(p[i].assign==0)
printf("NO.%d seat is already empty!\n",number);
else
{
p[i].assign=0;
printf("delete NO.%d seat successfully!\n",number);
}
return;
}
printf("%d is a invalid seat number\n",number);
}
void confirm_seat(struct seat *p)
{
int number, i;
printf("Input the seat number:");
scanf("%d", &number);
getchar();
for (i=0; i<SEAT; i++)
if( p[i].number == number)
{
if (p[i].assign == 0)
printf("NO.%d seat is empty!\n", number);
else
printf("NO.%d seat is assigned! its holder is %s %s\n", number, p[i].firstname, p[i].lastname);
return;
}
printf("%d is a invalid seat number\n", number);
}
void write_file(struct flight *p,char *filename)
{
FILE *pseats;
if((pseats=fopen(filename,"wb"))==NULL)
{
printf("Can't open %s file.",filename);
exit(1);
}
fwrite(p,sizeof(struct seat),SEAT*FLIGHT,pseats);
fclose(pseats);
}
10、编写一个程序 ，用指向函数的指针数组来执行菜单。例如，在菜单中选择a，会激活由数组第一个元素指向的函数 。
#include <stdio.h>
#define F 4
float add(float x, float y);
float subtract(float x, float y);
float multiply(float x, float y);
float divide(float x, float y);
int main(void)
{
char command[5];
float x, y;
float (*p[F])(float x, float y) = {add, subtract, multiply, divide};
while(1)
{
printf("Select function:\n");
printf("1 : x + y\n");
printf("2 : x - y\n");
printf("3 : x * y\n");
printf("4 : x / y\n");
printf("q : quit\n");
gets(command);
if ( command[0] < '1' || command[0] > '4' ) break;
printf("input x, y:");
scanf("%f%f", &x, &y);
getchar();
printf("result is : %g\n", (*p[ command[0] - '1' ]) (x,y) );
}
return 0;
}
float add(float x, float y)
{
return x + y ;
}
float subtract(float x, float y)
{
return x - y ;
}
float multiply(float x, float y)
{
return x * y ;
}
float divide(float x, float y)
{
return x / y ;
}
11．编写—个transform()函数，它接受4个参数：包含double类型数据的源数组名，double类型的目标数组名，表示数组元素个数的int变量以及一个函数名（或者，等价的指向函数的指针）。transform()函数把指定的函数作用于源数组的每个元素，并将返回值放到目标数组中。例如：
transform(source, target, 100, sin);
这个函数调用把sin(source[0])赋给target[O)，等等，共有100个元素。在一个程序中测试该函数，调用4次transform()，分别使用math.h函数库中的两个函数以及自己设计的两个适合的函数作为参数。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define M 10
void transform(double[],double[],int,double(*)(double));
double reciprocal(double x);
double negative(double x);
int main(void)
{
double source[M],target[M];
int i;
for(i=0;i<M;i++)
source[i]=i;
printf("sin:\n");
transform(source,target,M,sin);
for(i=0;i<M;i++)
printf("%g -> %g ,",source[i],target[i]);
printf("\n\nexp:\n");
transform(source,target,M,exp);
for(i=0;i<M;i++)
printf("%g -> %g , ",source[i],target[i]);
printf("\n\nreciprocal:\n");
transform(source,target,M,reciprocal);
for(i=0;i<M;i++)
printf("%g -> %g , ",source[i],target[i]);
printf("\n\nnegative:\n");
transform(source,target,M,negative);
for(i=0;i<M;i++)
printf("%g -> %g , ",source[i],target[i]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
void transform(double source[],double target[],int n,double (*p)(double))
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
target[i]=(*p)(source[i]);
}
double reciprocal(double x)
{
return 1/x;
}
double negative(double x)
{
return -x;
}
930
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