关于C语言基本格式化输入、输出 （如%20[^#] ）这种不常见的写法说明

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

【关于C语言基本格式化输入、输出 （如%20[^#] ）这种不常见的写法说明】
针对C语言中的基本格式化输入、输出，我们常见是格式为：
　　%[标志][宽度][.精度]类型
相关说明：
　　类型：说明数据类型是整型(d)还是字符串(s)、字符(c)、地址输出(p)等.想输出% 需要写成"%%"。
　　标志：“-”左对齐；“+”右对齐（默认是这种方式）；空格“ ” 只有当是数值型的输出才有用（ 当正数时，则显示一个空格，如是负数 ，则显示一个负号）；# 表示哪种进制数。
　　宽度：表示最少占用的字符数。当实际的位数大于指定宽度，按实际的输出，否则需要进行填充操作，补空格或是0 。如printf("%04s","44");----结果为0044。
　　精度：精确控制个数。如printf("%.2d",3.143);--- 结果3.14  ；printf("%.2s","qwert"); ----结果qw。
　　注意：字符串形式只能补空格printf("[%12.12s]","123456")，数值型只能补0 printf("[%012d]" ,1235435)；
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
针对不常见进行举例：
[mengfh /home/mengfh/worker/test]>cat testPrint.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

int main(int argc , char *args[])
{

char buff [255];

memset(buff,0 ,sizeof(buff));
fscanf(stdin, "%[^#]" , buff);
fprintf(stderr, "[%s]\n",buff);

return 0;
}

=====
编译运行结果为：
[mengfh /home/mengfh/worker/test]>gcc -o testPrint testPrint.c
[mengfh /home/mengfh/worker/test]>./testPrint
kjdfkdjkfj#fdjkfjdk
[kjdfkdjkfj]

说明---------其在#进了截断操作并返回。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

“[”

Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from the specified set of accepted characters; the next pointer must be a pointer to char, and there must be enough room for all the characters in  the string, plus a terminating NUL character. The usual skip of leading white space is suppressed. The string is to be made up of characters in (or not in) a particular set; the set is defined by the characters between the open bracket [ character and a close bracket ]character. The set excludes those charac-ters if the first character after the open bracket is a circum-flex ^. To include a close bracket in the set, make it the first character after the open bracket or the circumflex; any other position will end the set. The hyphen character - is also special; when placed between two other characters, it adds all intervening characters to the set. To include a hyphen, make it the last character before the final close bracket. For instance, `[^]0-9-]' means the set `everything except close bracket, zero through nine, and hyphen'. The string ends with the appearance of a character not in the (or, with a circumflex, in) set or when the field width runs out.

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/3pgp/blog/189927