创建学生情况表:student

        create table student(st_class CHAR(8),st_no CHAR(10) NOT NULL,st_name CHAR(8) NOT NULL,st_sex CHAR(2),st_age SMALLINT,PRIMARY KEY(st_no))


    创建课程设置表:subject

        create table subject(su_no CHAR(4) NOT NULL,su_subject CHAR(20) NOT NULL,su_credit INTEGER,su_period INTEGER,su_preno CHAR(4),PRIMARY KEY(su_no))


    创建学生选课表:score

        create table score (st_no CHAR(10),st_nom CHAR(4),st_score INTEGERR NULL,FOREIGN KEY(st_no) REFERENCE student)


    查看表结构:DESC student

    删除表:    DROP TABLE student,score

    添加字段:  alter table student add (st_born date not null)

    删除字段:  alter table student drop (st_age)

    修改字段类型和长度:

                alter table student alter column name varchar(23) null

 视图 

   从student表中导出只包括女学生情况的视图:

        create view womanview as select st_class,st_no,st_name,st_age from student where 

        st_sex="女"

    

    从student和score表中创建分数在60分以上的女学生视图:

        create view woman_score as select student.st_class student.st_no,student.st_name,

        student.st_age,score.sc_score from student score where student.st_sex="女" and 

        score.sc_score >= 60 and student.st_no=score.st_no


    查看 woman_score 视图

        select * from woman_score


 索引

  对基本表student 中 st_no 和 st_age 创建索引,分别为升序和降序排列

       create unique index stindex on student (st_no ASC,st_age DESC)

    删除索引:

        drop index stindex


 SELECT查询

  

    JOIN ON 语句   联接

    WHERE 语句     指定查询条件

    ORDER BY 语句  指定排序字段和排序方式

    GROUP BY 和 HAVING 语句  分组

    DISTINCT 语句和 UNIQUE 语句 指定是否要重复记录

    TOP语句        列在最前

    

    WHERE子句中的操作符和运算函数

        算术比较运算符: <  <=  > >= = <>

        逻辑运算符:    AND,OR,NOT

        集合运算符:    UNION(并),INTERSECT(交),EXCEPT(差)

        集合成员资格运算符:    IN,NOT IN

        谓词:          EXISTS(存在) , ALL ,SOME, UNIQUE

        聚合函数:      AVG,MIN,MAX,SUM,COUNT(计数)

    

    条件查询:

         select unique student.st_class,student.st_no,student.st_name,student.sex,

         student.st.age,score.su_no,score.score 

    排序查询:

        查不及格的课程,并将课程号按从大到小排列

        select unique su_no from score where score<60 order by su_no DESC

    嵌套查询:

        查询课程编号为C03,且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名

        select st_no,st_name from student where st_no in (select st_no from score where         su_no = 'c03' and score>80)

    计算查询:

        查询男学生总人数和平均年龄:

        select count(*),AVG(st_age) from student where st_sex='男'

        统计选修课程人数:

        select count(DISTINCT st_no) from score

    

  数据更新

     INSERT语句:insert into score(st_no,su_no,score) value ('10002','c02',95)

        DELETE语句:delete from student where st_no = '10002'

        UPDATE语句:update subject set su_subject = '英语' where su_no = 'c02'

 

   数据控制

     安全性控制、完整性控制、事务控制和并发控制

        授权语句:grant connect to sse identified by password

                  grant resource to sse

                  grant dba to sse

        权力回收:

                  revoke connect from sse

                  revoke resource from sse

        将表student 查询权授予所有用户:

                grant select on student to public

        将表 subject 的插入及修改权力授予用户SSE并使得他具有将这种权力授予其他人的权力

                grant insert,update(su_subject) on subject to sse with grant option