jpa多对多映射案例

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学生和老师就是多对多的关系。一个学生有多个老师，一个老师教多个学生。多对多映射采取中间表连接的映射策略，建立的中间表将分别引入两边的主键作为外键。jpa 对于中间表的元数据提供了可配置的方式，用户可以自定义中间表的表名，列名。

下面就以学生和老师为例介绍多对多映射关系的实例开发

 

Student实体类 

package com.ljq.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@Entity
public class Student implements java.io.Serializable {
   /** 学生ID **/
   private Integer studentid;
   /** 学生姓名 **/
   private String name;
   private Set<Teacher> teachers=new HashSet<Teacher>();
   
   public Student() {
       super();
   }
   
   public Student(String name) {
       super();
       this.name = name;
   }
   
   @Id
   @GeneratedValue
   public Integer getStudentid() {
       return studentid;
   }

   public void setStudentid(Integer studentid) {
       this.studentid = studentid;
   }

   @Column(nullable=false,length=32)
   public String getName() {
       return name;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
       this.name = name;
   }
   
   //@ManyToMany注释表示Student是多对多关系的一边，mappedBy属性定义了Student为双向关系的维护端
   //Teacher表是关系的维护者，owner side，有主导权，它有个外键指向Student表。
   @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "students")
   public Set<Teacher> getTeachers() {
       return teachers;
   }

   public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers) {
       this.teachers = teachers;
   }
   
}


Teacher实体类 

package com.ljq.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@Entity
public class Teacher implements java.io.Serializable {
   /** 教师ID **/
   private Integer teacherid;
   /** 教师姓名 **/
   private String name;
   private Set<Student> students=new HashSet<Student>();
   
   public Teacher() {
       super();
   }
   
   public Teacher(String name) {
       super();
       this.name = name;
   }
   
   @Id
   @GeneratedValue
   public Integer getTeacherid() {
       return teacherid;
   }

   public void setTeacherid(Integer teacherid) {
       this.teacherid = teacherid;
   }

   @Column(nullable=false,length=32)
   public String getName() {
       return name;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
       this.name = name;
   }

   //@ManyToMany注释表示Teacher是多对多关系的一端。
   //@JoinTable描述了多对多关系的数据表关系。name属性指定中间表名称，joinColumns定义中间表与Teacher表的外键关系。
   //中间表Teacher_Student的Teacher_ID列是Teacher表的主键列对应的外键列，inverseJoinColumns属性定义了中间表与另外一端(Student)的外键关系。
   @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
   @JoinTable(name = "Teacher_Student",
           joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "Teacher_ID", referencedColumnName = "teacherid") },
           inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "Student_ID", referencedColumnName = "studentid") })
   public Set<Student> getStudents() {
       return students;
   }

   public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
       this.students = students;
   }

   /**
    * 添加学生
    *
    * @param student
    */
   public void addStudent(Student student) {
       if (!this.students.contains(student)) {
           this.students.add(student);

           student.setTeacher(this);
       }
   }

   /**
    * 删除学生
    *
    * @param student
    */
   public void removeStudent(Student student) {
       if(this.students.contains(student)){

           student.setTeacher(null);
           this.students.remove(student);
       }
   }
}


ManyToManyTest测试类 

package com.ljq.test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.ljq.entity.Student;
import com.ljq.entity.Teacher;


public class ManyToManyTest {

   @Test
   public void save() {
       EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ljq");
       EntityManager em=factory.createEntityManager();
       em.getTransaction().begin();
       
       em.persist(new Teacher("张老师"));
       em.persist(new Student("小张"));
       
       em.getTransaction().commit();
       em.close();
       factory.close();
       
   }
   
   /**
    * 为老师添加一个学生
    *
    */
   @Test
   public void build() {
       EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ljq");
       EntityManager em=factory.createEntityManager();
       em.getTransaction().begin();
       
       Teacher teacher = em.find(Teacher.class, 2);
       teacher.addStudent(em.getReference(Student.class, 2));
       
       em.getTransaction().commit();
       em.close();
       factory.close();
   }
   
   /**
    * 解除学生跟老师的关系
    *
    */
   @Test
   public void  remove() {
       EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ljq");
       EntityManager em=factory.createEntityManager();
       em.getTransaction().begin();
       
       Teacher teacher = em.find(Teacher.class, 2);
       teacher.removeStudent(em.getReference(Student.class, 2));
       
       em.getTransaction().commit();
       em.close();
       factory.close();
       
   }
   
   /**
    * 删除学生，因为学生不是关系维护者，所以需要先手工解除老师与学生的关联，然后再删除学生
    *
    */
   @Test
   public void  deleteStudent() {
       EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ljq");
       EntityManager em=factory.createEntityManager();
       em.getTransaction().begin();
       
       Teacher teacher = em.find(Teacher.class, 2);
       Student student = em.getReference(Student.class, 2);
       teacher.removeStudent(student); //手工解除老师与学生的关系
       em.remove(student); //删除学生
       
       em.getTransaction().commit();
       em.close();
       factory.close();
   }
   
   /**
    * 删除老师，因为老师是关系维护者，所以可以直接解除老师与学生的关系，不用我们手工解除
    *
    */
   @Test
   public void deleteTeacher() {
       EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ljq");
       EntityManager em=factory.createEntityManager();
       em.getTransaction().begin();
       
       em.remove(em.getReference(Teacher.class, 3));
       
       em.getTransaction().commit();
       em.close();
       factory.close();

   }
   
   /**
    * 用来判断映射是否成功
    *
    */
   @Test
   public void  test() {
       EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ljq");
       factory.close();
   }

}

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/2253208/blog/596972