下面是一个模拟P2P聊天的过程的源代码，过程很简单，P2PServer运行在一个拥有公网IP的计算机上，P2PClient运行在两个不同的NAT 后（注意，如果两个客户端运行在一个NAT后，本程序很可能不能运行正常，这取决于你的NAT是否支持loopback translation，详见http://midcom-p2p.sourceforge.net/draft-ford-midcom-p2p- 01.txt，当然，此问题可以通过双方先尝试连接对方的内网IP来解决，但是这个代码只是为了验证原理，并没有处理这些问题），后登录的计算机可以获得先登录计算机的用户名，后登录的计算机通过send username message的格式来发送消息。如果发送成功，说明你已取得了直接与对方连接的成功。
程序现在支持三个命令：send , getu , exit

send格式：send username message
功能：发送信息给username

getu格式：getu
功能：获得当前服务器用户列表

exit格式：exit
功能：注销与服务器的连接（服务器不会自动监测客户是否吊线）

代码很短，相信很容易懂，如果有什么问题，可以给我发邮件zhouhuis22@sina.com 或者在CSDN上发送短消息。同时，欢迎转发此文，但希望保留作者版权8-）。

最后感谢CSDN网友 PiggyXP 和 Seilfer的测试帮助

P2PServer.c

/* P2P 程序服务端
*
* 文件名：P2PServer.c
*
* 日期：2004-5-21
*
* 作者：shootingstars(zhouhuis22@sina.com)
*
*/
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

#include "windows.h"
#include "..proto.h"
#include "..Exception.h"

UserList ClientList;

void InitWinSock()
{
WSADATA wsaData;

if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
{
printf("Windows sockets 2.2 startup");
throw Exception("");
}
else{
printf("Using %s (Status: %s)n",
wsaData.szDescription, wsaData.szSystemStatus);
printf("with API versions %d.%d to %d.%dnn",
LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion),
LOBYTE(wsaData.wHighVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wHighVersion));

}
}

SOCKET mksock(int type)
{
SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
if (sock < 0)
{
printf("create socket error");
throw Exception("");
}
return sock;
}

stUserListNode GetUser(char *username)
{
for(UserList::iterator UserIterator=ClientList.begin();
UserIterator!=ClientList.end();
++UserIterator)
{
if( strcmp( ((*UserIterator)->userName), username) == 0 )
return *(*UserIterator);
}
throw Exception("not find this user");
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
try{
InitWinSock();

SOCKET PrimaryUDP;
PrimaryUDP = mksock(SOCK_DGRAM);

sockaddr_in local;
local.sin_family=AF_INET;
local.sin_port= htons(SERVER_PORT);
local.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
int nResult=bind(PrimaryUDP,(sockaddr*)&local,sizeof(sockaddr));
if(nResult==SOCKET_ERROR)
throw Exception("bind error");

sockaddr_in sender;
stMessage recvbuf;
memset(&recvbuf,0,sizeof(stMessage));

// 开始主循环.
// 主循环负责下面几件事情:
// 一:读取客户端登陆和登出消息,记录客户列表
// 二:转发客户p2p请求
for(;;)
{
int dwSender = sizeof(sender);
int ret = recvfrom(PrimaryUDP, (char *)&recvbuf, sizeof(stMessage), 0, (sockaddr *)&sender, &dwSender);
if(ret <= 0)
{
printf("recv error");
continue;
}
else
{
int messageType = recvbuf.iMessageType;
switch(messageType){
case LOGIN:
{
// 将这个用户的信息记录到用户列表中
printf("has a user login : %sn", recvbuf.message.loginmember.userName);
stUserListNode *currentuser = new stUserListNode();
strcpy(currentuser->userName, recvbuf.message.loginmember.userName);
currentuser->ip = ntohl(sender.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr);
currentuser->port = ntohs(sender.sin_port);

ClientList.push_back(currentuser);

// 发送已经登陆的客户信息
int nodecount = (int)ClientList.size();
sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char*)&nodecount, sizeof(int), 0, (const sockaddr*)&sender, sizeof(sender));
for(UserList::iterator UserIterator=ClientList.begin();
UserIterator!=ClientList.end();
++UserIterator)
{
sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char*)(*UserIterator), sizeof(stUserListNode), 0, (const sockaddr*)&sender, sizeof(sender));
}

break;
}
case LOGOUT:
{
// 将此客户信息删除
printf("has a user logout : %sn", recvbuf.message.logoutmember.userName);
UserList::iterator removeiterator = NULL;
for(UserList::iterator UserIterator=ClientList.begin();
UserIterator!=ClientList.end();
++UserIterator)
{
if( strcmp( ((*UserIterator)->userName), recvbuf.message.logoutmember.userName) == 0 )
{
removeiterator = UserIterator;
break;
}
}
if(removeiterator != NULL)
ClientList.remove(*removeiterator);
break;
}
case P2PTRANS:
{
// 某个客户希望服务端向另外一个客户发送一个打洞消息
printf("%s wants to p2p %sn",inet_ntoa(sender.sin_addr),recvbuf.message.translatemessage.userName);
stUserListNode node = GetUser(recvbuf.message.translatemessage.userName);
sockaddr_in remote;
remote.sin_family=AF_INET;
remote.sin_port= htons(node.port);
remote.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(node.ip);

in_addr tmp;
tmp.S_un.S_addr = htonl(node.ip);
printf("the address is %s,and port is %dn",inet_ntoa(tmp), node.port);

stP2PMessage transMessage;
transMessage.iMessageType = P2PSOMEONEWANTTOCALLYOU;
transMessage.iStringLen = ntohl(sender.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr);
transMessage.Port = ntohs(sender.sin_port);

sendto(PrimaryUDP,(const char*)&transMessage, sizeof(transMessage), 0, (const sockaddr *)&remote, sizeof(remote));

break;
}

case GETALLUSER:
{
int command = GETALLUSER;
sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char*)&command, sizeof(int), 0, (const sockaddr*)&sender, sizeof(sender));

int nodecount = (int)ClientList.size();
sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char*)&nodecount, sizeof(int), 0, (const sockaddr*)&sender, sizeof(sender));

for(UserList::iterator UserIterator=ClientList.begin();
UserIterator!=ClientList.end();
++UserIterator)
{
sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char*)(*UserIterator), sizeof(stUserListNode), 0, (const sockaddr*)&sender, sizeof(sender));
}
break;
}
}
}
}

}
catch(Exception &e)
{
printf(e.GetMessage());
return 1;
}

return 0;
}


/* P2P 程序客户端
*
* 文件名：P2PClient.c
*
* 日期：2004-5-21
*
* 作者：shootingstars(zhouhuis22@sina.com)
*
*/

#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")

#include "windows.h"
#include "..proto.h"
#include "..Exception.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

UserList ClientList;



#define COMMANDMAXC 256
#define MAXRETRY 5

SOCKET PrimaryUDP;
char UserName[10];
char ServerIP[20];

bool RecvedACK;

void InitWinSock()
{
WSADATA wsaData;

if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
{
printf("Windows sockets 2.2 startup");
throw Exception("");
}
else{
printf("Using %s (Status: %s)n",
wsaData.szDescription, wsaData.szSystemStatus);
printf("with API versions %d.%d to %d.%dnn",
LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion),
LOBYTE(wsaData.wHighVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wHighVersion));
}
}

SOCKET mksock(int type)
{
SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
if (sock < 0)
{
printf("create socket error");
throw Exception("");
}
return sock;
}

stUserListNode GetUser(char *username)
{
for(UserList::iterator UserIterator=ClientList.begin();
UserIterator!=ClientList.end();
++UserIterator)
{
if( strcmp( ((*UserIterator)->userName), username) == 0 )
return *(*UserIterator);
}
throw Exception("not find this user");
}

void BindSock(SOCKET sock)
{
sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = 0;

if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
throw Exception("bind error");
}

void ConnectToServer(SOCKET sock,char *username, char *serverip)
{
sockaddr_in remote;
remote.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(serverip);
remote.sin_family = AF_INET;
remote.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);

stMessage sendbuf;
sendbuf.iMessageType = LOGIN;
strncpy(sendbuf.message.loginmember.userName, username, 10);

sendto(sock, (const char*)&sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), 0, (const sockaddr*)&remote,sizeof(remote));

int usercount;
int fromlen = sizeof(remote);
int iread = recvfrom(sock, (char *)&usercount, sizeof(int), 0, (sockaddr *)&remote, &fromlen);
if(iread<=0)
{
throw Exception("Login errorn");
}

// 登录到服务端后，接收服务端发来的已经登录的用户的信息
cout<<"Have "<<usercount<<" users logined server:"<<endl;
for(int i = 0;i<usercount;i++)
{
stUserListNode *node = new stUserListNode;
recvfrom(sock, (char*)node, sizeof(stUserListNode), 0, (sockaddr *)&remote, &fromlen);
ClientList.push_back(node);
cout<<"Username:"<<node->userName<<endl;
in_addr tmp;
tmp.S_un.S_addr = htonl(node->ip);
cout<<"UserIP:"<<inet_ntoa(tmp)<<endl;
cout<<"UserPort:"<<node->port<<endl;
cout<<""<<endl;
}
}

void OutputUsage()
{
cout<<"You can input you command:n"
<<"Command Type:"send","exit","getu"n"
<<"Example : send Username Messagen"
<<" exitn"
<<" getun"
<<endl;
}

/* 这是主要的函数：发送一个消息给某个用户(C)
*流程：直接向某个用户的外网IP发送消息，如果此前没有联系过
* 那么此消息将无法发送，发送端等待超时。
* 超时后，发送端将发送一个请求信息到服务端，
* 要求服务端发送给客户C一个请求，请求C给本机发送打洞消息
* 以上流程将重复MAXRETRY次
*/
bool SendMessageTo(char *UserName, char *Message)
{
char realmessage[256];
unsigned int UserIP;
unsigned short UserPort;
bool FindUser = false;
for(UserList::iterator UserIterator=ClientList.begin();
UserIterator!=ClientList.end();
++UserIterator)
{
if( strcmp( ((*UserIterator)->userName), UserName) == 0 )
{
UserIP = (*UserIterator)->ip;
UserPort = (*UserIterator)->port;
FindUser = true;
}
}

if(!FindUser)
return false;

strcpy(realmessage, Message);
for(int i=0;i<MAXRETRY;i++)
{
RecvedACK = false;

sockaddr_in remote;
remote.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(UserIP);
remote.sin_family = AF_INET;
remote.sin_port = htons(UserPort);
stP2PMessage MessageHead;
MessageHead.iMessageType = P2PMESSAGE;
MessageHead.iStringLen = (int)strlen(realmessage)+1;
int isend = sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char *)&MessageHead, sizeof(MessageHead), 0, (const sockaddr*)&remote, sizeof(remote));
isend = sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char *)&realmessage, MessageHead.iStringLen, 0, (const sockaddr*)&remote, sizeof(remote));

// 等待接收线程将此标记修改
for(int j=0;j<10;j++)
{
if(RecvedACK)
return true;
else
Sleep(300);
}

// 没有接收到目标主机的回应，认为目标主机的端口映射没有
// 打开，那么发送请求信息给服务器，要服务器告诉目标主机
// 打开映射端口（UDP打洞）
sockaddr_in server;
server.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(ServerIP);
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);

stMessage transMessage;
transMessage.iMessageType = P2PTRANS;
strcpy(transMessage.message.translatemessage.userName, UserName);

sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char*)&transMessage, sizeof(transMessage), 0, (const sockaddr*)&server, sizeof(server));
Sleep(100);// 等待对方先发送信息。
}
return false;
}


// 解析命令，暂时只有exit和send命令
// 新增getu命令，获取当前服务器的所有用户
void ParseCommand(char * CommandLine)
{
if(strlen(CommandLine)<4)
return;
char Command[10];
strncpy(Command, CommandLine, 4);
Command[4]='';

if(strcmp(Command,"exit")==0)
{
stMessage sendbuf;
sendbuf.iMessageType = LOGOUT;
strncpy(sendbuf.message.logoutmember.userName, UserName, 10);
sockaddr_in server;
server.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(ServerIP);
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);

sendto(PrimaryUDP,(const char*)&sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), 0, (const sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server));
shutdown(PrimaryUDP, 2);
closesocket(PrimaryUDP);
exit(0);
}
else if(strcmp(Command,"send")==0)
{
char sendname[20];
char message[COMMANDMAXC];
int i;
for(i=5;;i++)
{
if(CommandLine[i]!=' ')
sendname[i-5]=CommandLine[i];
else
{
sendname[i-5]='';
break;
}
}
strcpy(message, &(CommandLine[i+1]));
if(SendMessageTo(sendname, message))
printf("Send OK!n");
else
printf("Send Failure!n");
}
else if(strcmp(Command,"getu")==0)
{
int command = GETALLUSER;
sockaddr_in server;
server.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(ServerIP);
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);

sendto(PrimaryUDP,(const char*)&command, sizeof(command), 0, (const sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server));
}
}

// 接受消息线程
DWORD WINAPI RecvThreadProc(LPVOID lpParameter)
{
sockaddr_in remote;
int sinlen = sizeof(remote);
stP2PMessage recvbuf;
for(;;)
{
int iread = recvfrom(PrimaryUDP, (char *)&recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf), 0, (sockaddr *)&remote, &sinlen);
if(iread<=0)
{
printf("recv errorn");
continue;
}
switch(recvbuf.iMessageType)
{
case P2PMESSAGE:
{
// 接收到P2P的消息
char *comemessage= new char[recvbuf.iStringLen];
int iread1 = recvfrom(PrimaryUDP, comemessage, 256, 0, (sockaddr *)&remote, &sinlen);
comemessage[iread1-1] = '';
if(iread1<=0)
throw Exception("Recv Message Errorn");
else
{
printf("Recv a Message:%sn",comemessage);

stP2PMessage sendbuf;
sendbuf.iMessageType = P2PMESSAGEACK;
sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char*)&sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), 0, (const sockaddr*)&remote, sizeof(remote));
}

delete []comemessage;
break;

}
case P2PSOMEONEWANTTOCALLYOU:
{
// 接收到打洞命令，向指定的IP地址打洞
printf("Recv p2someonewanttocallyou datan");
sockaddr_in remote;
remote.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(recvbuf.iStringLen);
remote.sin_family = AF_INET;
remote.sin_port = htons(recvbuf.Port);

// UDP hole punching
stP2PMessage message;
message.iMessageType = P2PTRASH;
sendto(PrimaryUDP, (const char *)&message, sizeof(message), 0, (const sockaddr*)&remote, sizeof(remote));

break;
}
case P2PMESSAGEACK:
{
// 发送消息的应答
RecvedACK = true;
break;
}
case P2PTRASH:
{
// 对方发送的打洞消息，忽略掉。
//do nothing ...
printf("Recv p2ptrash datan");
break;
}
case GETALLUSER:
{
int usercount;
int fromlen = sizeof(remote);
int iread = recvfrom(PrimaryUDP, (char *)&usercount, sizeof(int), 0, (sockaddr *)&remote, &fromlen);
if(iread<=0)
{
throw Exception("Login errorn");
}

ClientList.clear();

cout<<"Have "<<usercount<<" users logined server:"<<endl;
for(int i = 0;i<usercount;i++)
{
stUserListNode *node = new stUserListNode;
recvfrom(PrimaryUDP, (char*)node, sizeof(stUserListNode), 0, (sockaddr *)&remote, &fromlen);
ClientList.push_back(node);
cout<<"Username:"<<node->userName<<endl;
in_addr tmp;
tmp.S_un.S_addr = htonl(node->ip);
cout<<"UserIP:"<<inet_ntoa(tmp)<<endl;
cout<<"UserPort:"<<node->port<<endl;
cout<<""<<endl;
}
break;
}
}
}
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
try
{
InitWinSock();

PrimaryUDP = mksock(SOCK_DGRAM);
BindSock(PrimaryUDP);

cout<<"Please input server ip:";
cin>>ServerIP;

cout<<"Please input your name:";
cin>>UserName;

ConnectToServer(PrimaryUDP, UserName, ServerIP);

HANDLE threadhandle = CreateThread(NULL, 0, RecvThreadProc, NULL, NULL, NULL);
CloseHandle(threadhandle);
OutputUsage();

for(;;)
{
char Command[COMMANDMAXC];
gets(Command);
ParseCommand(Command);
}
}
catch(Exception &e)
{
printf(e.GetMessage());
return 1;
}
return 0;
}


/* 异常类
*
* 文件名：Exception.h
*
* 日期：2004.5.5
*
* 作者：shootingstars(zhouhuis22@sina.com)
*/

#ifndef __HZH_Exception__
#define __HZH_Exception__

#define EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_MAXLEN 256
#include "string.h"

class Exception
{
private:
char m_ExceptionMessage[EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_MAXLEN];
public:
Exception(char *msg)
{
strncpy(m_ExceptionMessage, msg, EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_MAXLEN);
}

char *GetMessage()
{
return m_ExceptionMessage;
}
};

#endif


/* P2P 程序传输协议
*
* 日期：2004-5-21
*
* 作者：shootingstars(zhouhuis22@sina.com)
*
*/

#pragma once
#include <list>

// 定义iMessageType的值
#define LOGIN 1
#define LOGOUT 2
#define P2PTRANS 3
#define GETALLUSER 4

// 服务器端口
#define SERVER_PORT 2280

// Client登录时向服务器发送的消息
struct stLoginMessage
{
char userName[10];
char password[10];
};

// Client注销时发送的消息
struct stLogoutMessage
{
char userName[10];
};

// Client向服务器请求另外一个Client(userName)向自己方向发送UDP打洞消息
struct stP2PTranslate
{
char userName[10];
};

// Client向服务器发送的消息格式
struct stMessage
{
int iMessageType;
union _message
{
stLoginMessage loginmember;
stLogoutMessage logoutmember;
stP2PTranslate translatemessage;
}message;
};

// 客户节点信息
struct stUserListNode
{
char userName[10];
unsigned int ip;
unsigned short port;
};

// Server向Client发送的消息
struct stServerToClient
{
int iMessageType;
union _message
{
stUserListNode user;
}message;

};

//======================================
// 下面的协议用于客户端之间的通信
//======================================
#define P2PMESSAGE 100 // 发送消息
#define P2PMESSAGEACK 101 // 收到消息的应答
#define P2PSOMEONEWANTTOCALLYOU 102 // 服务器向客户端发送的消息
// 希望此客户端发送一个UDP打洞包
#define P2PTRASH 103 // 客户端发送的打洞包，接收端应该忽略此消息

// 客户端之间发送消息格式
struct stP2PMessage
{
int iMessageType;
int iStringLen; // or IP address
unsigned short Port;
};

using namespace std;
typedef list<stUserListNode *> UserList;

原文出处：http://hi.baidu.com/%CF%D0%B5%AD%CA%B0%D2%E4/blog/item/c817b378513cf0fb2e73b3d5.html