基础正则表达式练习（鸟哥）

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

命令:

grep ：分析一行信息，若当做有我们所需要的信息就拿出来。

-a:将binary文件text文件的方式查找数据

-c:计算找到‘查找字符串’的次数

-i:忽略大小写

-n:顺便输出行号

-v:反向选择（把它看做去除也可以）

--color=auto:可以将找到的关键字的部分加上颜色

 

语系设置为LANG=C

设置别名grep显示颜色

[root@bogon ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n 
LANG="C"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"

[root@bogon ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/grep.sh
alias grep="grep --color=auto"

[root@bogon ~]# source /etc/profile.d/grep.sh 
[root@bogon ~]# source /etc/sysconfig/i18n 
[root@bogon ~]# echo $LANG
C

[root@bogon ~]# alias
alias cp='cp -i'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

下载鸟哥范例文件

wget http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0330regularex/regular_express.txt

文件内容
[root@bogon ~]# vim regular_express.txt
"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
apple is my favorite food.
Football game is not use feet only.
this dress doesn't fit me.
However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.^M
GNU is free air not free beer.^M
Her hair is very beauty.^M
I can't finish the test.^M
Oh! The soup taste good.^M
motorcycle is cheap than car.
This window is clear.
the symbol '*' is represented as start.
Oh!     My god!
The gd software is a library for drafting programs.^M
You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
I like dog.
google is the best tools for search keyword.
goooooogle yes!

一.查找特定字符串

grep -n 'the' regular_express.txt

8:I can't finish the test.
12: the symbol '*' is represented as start.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.

反向选择

grep -vn 'the' regular_express.txt

1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
4:this dress doesn't fit me.
5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.
6:GNU is free air not free beer.
7:Her hair is very beauty.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.
10:motorcycle is cheap than car.
11:This window is clear.
13:Oh!    My god!
14:The gd software is a library for drafting programs.
17:I like dog.
19:goooooogle yes!
20:go! go! Let's go.
21:# I am VBird
22:
注：grep -v代表反向查找，上面就是查找没有'the'这个字符串的行

忽略大小写

grep -in 'the' regular_express.txt

8:I can't finish the test.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.
12: the symbol '*' is represented as start.
14: The gd software is a library for drafting programs.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
16: The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.

二.利用中括号[]来查找集合字符

grep -n 't[ae]st' regular_express.txt

8:I can't finish the test.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.
注：中括号中的字符一次只能匹配其中一个

grep -n 'oo' regular_express.txt

1:"Open Source" is a g ood mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite f ood.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
9:Oh! The soup taste g ood.
18:g oogle is the best tools for search keyword.
19:g oooooogle yes!

如果不想匹配类型oo前面有g的话

grep -n '[^g]oo' regular_express.txt

2:apple is my favorite food.
3: Football game is not use feet only.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:g oooooogle yes!

oo前面不要小写字符

grep -n '[^a-z]oo' regular_express.txt

3: Football game is not use feet only.

想要有数字的那一行

grep -n '[0-9]' regular_express.txt

5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
前面两个匹配的也使用[:lower:].[:digit:]等字符，也可以实现相同的功能。

三.行尾与行首字符^$

让the在行首出现

grep -n '^the' regular_express.txt

12: the symbol '*' is represented as start.

开头是小写字符的行

grep -n '^[a-z]' regular_express.txt

2: apple is my favorite food.
4: this dress doesn't fit me.
10: motorcycle is cheap than car.
12: the symbol '*' is represented as start.
18: google is the best tools for search keyword.
19: goooooogle yes!
20: go! go! Let's go.

不想开头是英文字母

grep -n '^[^a-zA-Z]' regular_express.txt

1: "Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.

21: # I am VBird

注：^在中括号[]中代表”反向选择“，在括号[]之外则代表定位在行首的意思。

 

要行尾是小数点.的那一行

grep '\.$' regular_express.txt

"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs .

apple is my favorite food .

Football game is not use feet only .

this dress doesn't fit me .

motorcycle is cheap than car .

This window is clear .

the symbol '*' is represented as start .

You are the best is mean you are the no. 1 .

The world <Happy> is the same with "glad" .

I like dog .

google is the best tools for search keyword .

go! go! Let's go .

 

找出一行是空白行

grep -n '^$' regular_express.txt

22:

 

去除配置文件中的空白行跟注释行

grep -v '^$' /etc/syslog.conf | grep -v '^#'

四.任意一个字符.与多重字符*

需要g??d的字符

grep -n 'g..d' regular_express.txt

1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.

9:Oh! The soup taste good.

16:The world <Happy> is the same with " glad".

 

需要两个以上的o

grep -n 'ooo*' regular_express.txt

1:"Open Source" is a g ood mechanism to develop programs.

2:apple is my favorite f ood.

3:F ootball game is not use feet only.

9:Oh! The soup taste g ood.

18:g oogle is the best t ools for search keyword.

19:g oooooogle yes!

 

开头结尾都是g,但是两个g之间仅能存在至少一个o

grep -n 'goo*g' regular_express.txt

18:google is the best tools for search keyword.

19:goooooogle yes!

 

要开头与结尾都是g的字符串

grep -n 'g.*g' regular_express.txt

1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.

14:The gd software is a library for drafting programs.

18: google is the best tools for search keyword.

19: goooooogle yes!

20: go! go! Let's go.

 

找出任意数字

grep -n '[0-9][0-9]*' regular_express.txt

5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.

15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.

 

注：*代表的是重复0个或多个前面RE字符的意义，因此，“o*”代表的是具有空字符或一个以上的字符，特别注意，因为允许空字符（就是没有字符都可以的意思）“oo*”则第一个o肯定必须要存在，第二个o则是可有可无的多个o

“.*”代表零个或多个任意字符的意思

 

五.限定连续RE字符范围{}

找到两个o的字符串

grep -n 'o\{2\}' regular_express.txt

1:"Open Source" is a g ood mechanism to develop programs.

2:apple is my favorite f ood.

3:F ootball game is not use feet only.

9:Oh! The soup taste g ood.

18:g oogle is the best t ools for search keyword.

19:g oooooogle yes!

 

找出g后面接2到5个o

grep -n 'go\{2,5\}g' regular_express.txt

18:g oogle is the best tools for search keyword.

 

找2个o以上的goooo....g

grep -n 'go\{2,\}g' regular_express.txt

18:g oogle is the best tools for search keyword.

19:g oooooogle yes!

 

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/f91jty/blog/168325