表是数据库中最基本的储存数据逻辑单元,它由行和列组成,oracle将表分为堆组织表(heap table),索引组织表(index organized table,IOT)和临时表(temporary table) 本节讲简要介绍下oracle的表管理(heap table),主要包括添加,删除列,更改列名,表名;创建相同的表,将表置为只读和读写模式,删除表和回闪表等操作

1:添加列
yang SQL>select * from test order by 1;

        ID BANNER
---------- --------------------------------
         1 one
         2 two
         3 three
         4 four


yang SQL>alter table test add (address varchar(10));

Table altered.

yang SQL>desc test;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 ID                                                 NUMBER(38)
 BANNER                                             VARCHAR2(32)
 ADDRESS                                            VARCHAR2(10)

2:删除列
yang SQL>alter table test drop(address);

Table altered.

yang SQL>desc test;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 ID                                                 NUMBER(38)
 BANNER                                             VARCHAR2(32)

yang SQL>alter table test rename column id to num;

Table altered.

3:改列名
yang SQL>desc test;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 NUM                                                NUMBER(38)
 BANNER                                             VARCHAR2(32)

yang SQL>alter table test rename to t1;

Table altered.

4:更改表名
yang SQL>desc t1;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 NUM                                                NUMBER(38)
 BANNER                                             VARCHAR2(32)


5:创建相同的表,在创建大表的时候,可以增加并发和关闭日志来提高效率
yang SQL>create table emp as select * from t1; //crate table  emp nologing parallel(degree 4)  as select * from t1;

Table created.

yang SQL>select * from emp order by 1;

       NUM BANNER
---------- --------------------------------
         1 one
         2 two7
         3 three
         4 four


6:将表置为只读和读写模式
yang SQL>insert into emp values(5,'five');

1 row created.

yang SQL>commit;

Commit complete.

yang SQL>alter table emp read only;

Table altered.

yang SQL>insert into emp values(6,'six');
insert into emp values(6,'six')
            *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12081: update operation not allowed on table "YANG"."EMP"


yang SQL>select count(*) from emp;

  COUNT(*)
----------
         5

yang SQL>alter table emp read write;

Table altered.


7:标记和删除未用的列
yang SQL>alter table emp set unused (banner);

Table altered.

yang SQL>desc emp;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 NUM                                                NUMBER(38)

yang SQL>alter table emp drop unused columns;

Table altered.

8:删除表与回闪表

yang SQL>drop table emp;

Table dropped.

yang SQL>desc emp;
ERROR:
ORA-04043: object emp does not exist


yang SQL>flashback table emp to before drop;

Flashback complete.

yang SQL>desc emp;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 NUM                                                NUMBER(38)

9:使用purge参数永久删除表,若不使用purge参数,删除的表将会保存在回收站中

yang SQL>drop table emp purge; //若要同时删除表相关的约束条件,可以使用“cascade constraints”参数

Table dropped.

yang SQL>flashback table emp to before drop;
flashback table emp to before drop
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-38305: object not in RECYCLE BIN

10:启用表压缩:
yang SQL>create table emp_address (id int,name char(10),alias char(10),address varchar2(16)) compress for all operations;

Table created.

yang SQL>desc emp_address;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 ID                                                 NUMBER(38)
 NAME                                               CHAR(10)
 ALIAS                                              CHAR(10)
 ADDRESS                                            VARCHAR2(16)

yang SQL>select table_name,compression,compress_for from  dba_tables where table_name='EMP_ADDRESS';

TABLE_NAME                     COMPRESS COMPRESS_FOR
------------------------------ -------- ------------
EMP_ADDRESS                    ENABLED  OLTP

本文出自 “斩月” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://ylw6006.blog.51cto.com/470441/461044