[Linux]从控制台一次读取一个字符,无需等待回车键
周银辉
读取字符嘛,可以使用getchar(),getch()等等函数,但它们都需要等待回车键以结束输入,而不是按下键盘时立即响应,看上去不那么“实时”。
如果是在windows平台下的话,可以使用conio.h下的_getch()函数,注意是以下划线开头的,msdn链接在这里。
在linux下貌似没有找到类似的函数... 不过可以使用一个比较BT的方式来实现:更改控制台设置。
#include
<
termios.h
>
static struct termios oldt;
// restore terminal settings
void restore_terminal_settings( void )
{
// Apply saved settings
tcsetattr( 0 , TCSANOW, & oldt);
}
// make terminal read 1 char at a time
void disable_terminal_return( void )
{
struct termios newt;
// save terminal settings
tcgetattr( 0 , & oldt);
// init new settings
newt = oldt;
// change settings
newt.c_lflag &= ~ (ICANON | ECHO);
// apply settings
tcsetattr( 0 , TCSANOW, & newt);
// make sure settings will be restored when program ends
atexit(restore_terminal_settings);
}
static struct termios oldt;
// restore terminal settings
void restore_terminal_settings( void )
{
// Apply saved settings
tcsetattr( 0 , TCSANOW, & oldt);
}
// make terminal read 1 char at a time
void disable_terminal_return( void )
{
struct termios newt;
// save terminal settings
tcgetattr( 0 , & oldt);
// init new settings
newt = oldt;
// change settings
newt.c_lflag &= ~ (ICANON | ECHO);
// apply settings
tcsetattr( 0 , TCSANOW, & newt);
// make sure settings will be restored when program ends
atexit(restore_terminal_settings);
}
下面是一个demo程序,复制粘贴试用吧:
#include
<
stdio.h
>
#include < stdlib.h >
#include < termios.h >
static struct termios oldt;
// restore terminal settings
void restore_terminal_settings( void )
{
// Apply saved settings
tcsetattr( 0 , TCSANOW, & oldt);
}
// make terminal read 1 char at a time
void disable_terminal_return( void )
{
struct termios newt;
// save terminal settings
tcgetattr( 0 , & oldt);
// init new settings
newt = oldt;
// change settings
newt.c_lflag &= ~ (ICANON | ECHO);
// apply settings
tcsetattr( 0 , TCSANOW, & newt);
// make sure settings will be restored when program ends
atexit(restore_terminal_settings);
}
int main()
{
int ch;
disable_terminal_return();
printf( " press your keyboard\n " );
/* Key reading loop */
while ( 1 ) {
ch = getchar();
if (ch == ' Q ' ) return 0 ; /* Press 'Q' to quit program */
printf( " \tYou pressed %c\n " , ch);
}
return 0 ;
}
#include < stdlib.h >
#include < termios.h >
static struct termios oldt;
// restore terminal settings
void restore_terminal_settings( void )
{
// Apply saved settings
tcsetattr( 0 , TCSANOW, & oldt);
}
// make terminal read 1 char at a time
void disable_terminal_return( void )
{
struct termios newt;
// save terminal settings
tcgetattr( 0 , & oldt);
// init new settings
newt = oldt;
// change settings
newt.c_lflag &= ~ (ICANON | ECHO);
// apply settings
tcsetattr( 0 , TCSANOW, & newt);
// make sure settings will be restored when program ends
atexit(restore_terminal_settings);
}
int main()
{
int ch;
disable_terminal_return();
printf( " press your keyboard\n " );
/* Key reading loop */
while ( 1 ) {
ch = getchar();
if (ch == ' Q ' ) return 0 ; /* Press 'Q' to quit program */
printf( " \tYou pressed %c\n " , ch);
}
return 0 ;
}