@Autowired注解问题
项目结构图如下:
UserService.java如下:
public interface UserService {
public int insert(User user);
/**
* @Description: 根据id获取user
* @param @param id
* @param @return 参数
* @return User 返回类型
*/
public User getUser(int id);
}
UserServiceImpl.java如下:
@Service(value="userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper usermapper;
@Override
public User getUser(int id) {
return usermapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
}
}
UserServiceImpl2.java如下:
@Service(value="userService2")
public class UserServiceImpl2 implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper usermapper;
@Override
public User getUser(int id) {
return usermapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
}
}
起初,UserController.java如下:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(UserController.class);
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String userManager(Model model) {
int id = 1;
User user = userService.getUser(id);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "user/showUser";
}
}
此时项目正常启动(均采用 tomcat 7),http://localhost:8080/项目名/user/user ,断点将会进入 UserServiceImpl.java 的 getUser(String id) 方法。
将 Autowired换成userService2时,如下:
@Autowired
private UserService userService2;
此时项目正常启动,http://localhost:8080/项目名/user/user ,断点将会进入 UserServiceImpl2.java 的 getUser(String id) 方法。
将 Autowired换成userService3时,如下:
@Autowired
private UserService userService3;
此时项目启动时报错,如下:
[ org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet ] - [ ERROR ] Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'userController':
Injection of autowired dependencies failed;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:
Could not autowire field:
private com.ssm.service.UserService com.ssm.controller.UserController.userService3;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException:
No qualifying bean of type [com.ssm.service.UserService] is defined:
expected single matching bean but found 2:
userService,userService2
简要分析:没有找到相应的依赖,但是找到了userService,userService2
参考链接:Spring@Autowired注解与自动装配 – 金丝燕网
@Autowired默认是按照byType进行注入的,但是当byType方式找到了多个符合的bean,又是怎么处理的?Autowired默认先按byType,如果发现找到多个bean,则又按照byName方式比对,如果还有多个,则报出异常。
例子:
@Autowired
private Car redCar;
- spring先找类型为Car的bean
- 如果存在且唯一,则OK;
- 如果不唯一,在结果集里,寻找name为redCar的bean。因为bean的name有唯一性,所以,到这里应该能确定是否存在满足要求的bean了
@Autowired也可以手动指定按照byName方式注入,使用 @Qualifier 标签,如下:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(UserController.class);
@Autowired
@Qualifier("userService2" )
private UserService userService3;
@RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String userManager(Model model) {
int id = 1;
User user = userService3.getUser(id);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
LOG.info(user.toString());
return "user/showUser";
}
}
此时项目正常启动,http://localhost:8080/项目名/user/user ,断点将会进入 UserServiceImpl2.java 的 getUser(String id) 方法。
另:@Resource(这个注解属于J2EE的)的标签,默认是按照byName方式注入的