Cookie基本应用

在程序里怎么保存用户的数据？ 数据存在客户端：cookie 可以用购物车的功能类比。 cookie是客户端技术，程序把每个用户的数据以cookie的形式写给用户各自的浏览器。当用户再去访问服务器中的web资源时，就会带着各自的数据去。这样web资源处理的就是用户各自的数据了。

下面写一个简单的例子，使用cookie显示上一次的访问时间：

//        显示上一次的访问时间
private void showLastAccessTime(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.print("您上次访问的时间是：");

        //获得用户的时间cookie
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i < cookies.length; i++) {
            if(cookies[i].getName().equals("lastAccessTime")){
                long cookieValue = Long.parseLong(cookies[i].getValue());
                SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss");
                Date date = new Date(cookieValue);
                out.print(format.format(date));
            }
        }

        //给用户返回最新的访问时间
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastAccessTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
        cookie.setMaxAge(1*30*24*3600);
        cookie.setPath("/cookies");
        response.addCookie(cookie);
    }
复制代码

Cookie细节：

1. Cookie是map
2. web站点可以发送多个cookie，浏览器可存储多个cookie
3. 浏览器一般可存放300个cookie，每个站点最多存放20个。每个cookie的大小限制为4kb。
4. 如果创建一个cookie发送给浏览器，默认情况是一个会话级别的cookie，用户退出浏览器后即被删除。若希望将浏览器存储到硬盘上，需要设置maxAge，并给出一个以秒为单位的时间。设为0，则是删除该cookie。
5. 注意，删除cookie时path必须一致，否则不会删除。

删除cookie：

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastAccessTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
    cookie.setMaxAge(0);
    cookie.setPath("/cookies");
    response.addCookie(cookie);
    response.sendRedirect("/cookies");
}
复制代码

下面是一个使用cookie完成购物车的实例：

首页

/**
 * Created by yun on 2017/5/6.
 * 代表购物车网站首页
 */
public class CookieDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        //输出网站所有商品
        out.write("本网站有如下商品：<br/>");
        Map<String, Book> map = DB.getAll();
        for (Map.Entry<String, Book> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            Book book = entry.getValue();
            out.print("<a href='/CookieDemo2?id=" + book.getId() + "' target='_blank'>" + book.getName() + "</a><br/>");
        }


        //显示用户曾经看到过的商品
        out.write("<br/>"+"您曾经看过如下商品有如下商品：<br/>");
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i < cookies.length; i++) {
            if(cookies[i].getName().equals("bookHistory")){
                String[] ids = cookies[i].getValue().split("a"); //转义，是为了防止，和正则表达式中的定义冲突
                for(String id:ids){
                    Book book = (Book) DB.getAll().get(id);
                    out.print(book.getName()+"</br>");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

class DB {
    private static LinkedHashMap<String,Book> map = new LinkedHashMap();  //链表map，方便按序列输出

    static {
        map.put("1", new Book("1", "heinika的编程之路", "陈利津", "一场有趣的旅程！"));
        map.put("2", new Book("2", "javaweb开发", "张孝祥", "好书"));
        map.put("3", new Book("3", "全栈工程师之路", "Terry", "全栈！！全栈！！"));
        map.put("4", new Book("4", "shell大全", "陈利津", "一场有趣的旅程！"));
        map.put("5", new Book("5", "heinika的成神之路", "陈利津", "一场有趣的旅程！"));
    }

    public static Map<String,Book> getAll() {
        return map;
    }
}

class Book {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private String description;

    public Book() {
    }

    public Book(String id, String name, String author, String description) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

}
复制代码

详情页

/**
 * Created by yun on 2017/5/6.
 * 物品详情页
 */
public class CookieDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        //根据用户带货来的id，显示商品的详细信息
        String id = request.getParameter("id");
        Map<String, Book> map = DB.getAll();
        Book book = map.get(id);
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.print(book.getId() + "<br/>");
        out.print(book.getName() + "<br/>");
        out.print(book.getAuthor() + "<br/>");
        out.print(book.getDescription() + "<br/>");

        //构建cookie，写回给浏览器
        String cookieValue = buildCookie(id, request);
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("bookHistory", cookieValue);
        cookie.setMaxAge(1 * 30 * 24 * 3600);
        cookie.setPath("/");
        response.addCookie(cookie);
        out.print("<a href='/CookieDemo1'>返回首页</a>");
    }

    private String buildCookie(String id, HttpServletRequest request) {
        //bookHistory=null          1            1
        //bookHistory=2,1,5         1            1,2,5
        //bookhistory=2,5,4         1            1,2,5
        //bookHistory=2,5           1            1,2,5
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        String bookHistory = null;
        for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i < cookies.length; i++) {
            if (cookies[i].getName().equals("bookHistory")) {
                bookHistory = cookies[i].getValue();
            }
        }

        if (bookHistory == null) {
            return id;
        }

        String[] ids = bookHistory.split("a");
        LinkedList<String> idList = new LinkedList(Arrays.asList(ids));   //为增删改查提高性能
        if (idList.contains(id)) {
            idList.remove(id);
        } else {
            if (idList.size() == 3) {
                idList.removeLast();
            }
        }
        idList.addFirst(id);
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (String bid : idList) {
            sb.append(bid + "a");
        }
        return sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1).toString();
    }
}
复制代码