题目是使用递归的方法计算1到100的累加,也就是计算1+2+3+4+........+100。大家想必已经听说过 高斯如何计算这道题的故事,也知道答案是5050。我整理了一下使用递归解决的思路,与大家分享。
递归的特点就是递归函数本身会调用自己,对应到逻辑上就是一段逻辑会使用这段逻辑自身。要使用递归的方法解决这道题,就要先用递归的思维方式描叙这道题。
我们来看看如何描叙题目本身,最直观的描叙:“从1开始,后一个数加上前一个数,后一个数是前一个数加一所得,一直加到100”,但这种描叙无法转化为递归的方法。我们试着按递归的思路思考这个问题,“做一件事情的步骤又包含这个事情步骤的自身”:
- 最开始一定是“1”+“某个值”
- 如果按老思路,这个“某个值”是“1”再加"1",也就是“2”
- 到这里,已经完成了一段步骤,并且如果这种思路能形成递归,上面的两步的描叙里面应该会包含对自身同样步骤的一段描叙,但我们仔细想想,里面却没有。
- 那我们换个角度思考一下,这个“某个值"也可以是‘2’到‘100’累加的和。到这里,我们看到了点希望,因为”累加的和“这个词就是第1、2步在做的事。
- 那么‘2’到‘100’累加的和又应该是‘2’加上”‘3’到‘100’累加的和“,这里我们已经看到递归的迹象了。
- 再举一例看看,‘3’到‘100’累加的和又应该是‘3’加上”‘4’到‘100’累加的和“。
- 对于递归,还有最重要的一点就是这种嵌套何时终止,不然就无穷无尽了。我们看看最后一步,也就是‘100‘到’100‘累加的和是多少?这次我们不用,也无法递归调用了,结果应该直接就是100,所以到这一步,递归终止。
对于整个问题,我们可以进一步抽象为用递归法求两个正整数(m,n)累加和的问题,我们还要考虑m<n, m=n, m>n这三种参数传入方式不同的情况。下面是我写的C#代码,以供参考:
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