远程通讯——Telnet
目标:介绍telnet的相关实现逻辑、介绍dubbo-remoting-api中的telnet包内的源码解析。
前言
从dubbo 2.0.5开始,dubbo开始支持通过 telnet 命令来进行服务治理。本文就是讲解一些公用的telnet命令的实现。下面来看一下telnet实现的类图:
可以看到,实现了TelnetHandler接口的有六个类,除了TelnetHandlerAdapter是以外,其他五个分别对应了clear、exit、help、log、status命令的实现,具体用来干嘛,请看官方文档的介绍。
源码分析
(一)TelnetHandler
@SPI
public interface TelnetHandler {
/**
* telnet.
* 处理对应的telnet命令
* @param channel
* @param message telnet命令
*/
String telnet(Channel channel, String message) throws RemotingException;
}
该接口上telnet命令处理器接口,是一个可扩展接口。它定义了一个方法,就是处理相关的telnet命令。
(二)TelnetHandlerAdapter
该类继承了ChannelHandlerAdapter,实现了TelnetHandler接口,是TelnetHandler的适配器类,负责在接收到HeaderExchangeHandler发来的telnet命令后分发给对应的TelnetHandler实现类去实现,并且返回命令结果。
public class TelnetHandlerAdapter extends ChannelHandlerAdapter implements TelnetHandler {
/**
* 扩展加载器
*/
private final ExtensionLoader<TelnetHandler> extensionLoader = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(TelnetHandler.class);
@Override
public String telnet(Channel channel, String message) throws RemotingException {
// 获得提示键配置,用于nc获取信息时不显示提示符
String prompt = channel.getUrl().getParameterAndDecoded(Constants.PROMPT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_PROMPT);
boolean noprompt = message.contains("--no-prompt");
message = message.replace("--no-prompt", "");
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
// 删除头尾空白符的字符串
message = message.trim();
String command;
// 获得命令
if (message.length() > 0) {
int i = message.indexOf(' ');
if (i > 0) {
// 获得命令
command = message.substring(0, i).trim();
// 获得参数
message = message.substring(i + 1).trim();
} else {
command = message;
message = "";
}
} else {
command = "";
}
if (command.length() > 0) {
// 如果有该命令的扩展实现类
if (extensionLoader.hasExtension(command)) {
try {
// 执行相应命令的实现类的telnet
String result = extensionLoader.getExtension(command).telnet(channel, message);
if (result == null) {
return null;
}
// 返回结果
buf.append(result);
} catch (Throwable t) {
buf.append(t.getMessage());
}
} else {
buf.append("Unsupported command: ");
buf.append(command);
}
}
if (buf.length() > 0) {
buf.append("\r\n");
}
// 添加 telnet 提示语
if (prompt != null && prompt.length() > 0 && !noprompt) {
buf.append(prompt);
}
return buf.toString();
}
}
该类只实现了telnet方法,其中的逻辑还是比较清晰,就是根据对应的命令去让对应的实现类产生命令结果。
(三)ClearTelnetHandler
该类实现了TelnetHandler接口,封装了clear命令的实现。
@Activate
@Help(parameter = "[lines]", summary = "Clear screen.", detail = "Clear screen.")
public class ClearTelnetHandler implements TelnetHandler {
@Override
public String telnet(Channel channel, String message) {
// 清除屏幕上的内容行数
int lines = 100;
if (message.length() > 0) {
// 如果不是一个数字
if (!StringUtils.isInteger(message)) {
return "Illegal lines " + message + ", must be integer.";
}
lines = Integer.parseInt(message);
}
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
// 一行一行清除
for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++) {
buf.append("\r\n");
}
return buf.toString();
}
}
(四)ExitTelnetHandler
该类实现了TelnetHandler接口,封装了exit命令的实现。
@Activate
@Help(parameter = "", summary = "Exit the telnet.", detail = "Exit the telnet.")
public class ExitTelnetHandler implements TelnetHandler {
@Override
public String telnet(Channel channel, String message) {
// 关闭通道
channel.close();
return null;
}
}
(五)HelpTelnetHandler
该类实现了TelnetHandler接口,封装了help命令的实现。
@Activate
@Help(parameter = "[command]", summary = "Show help.", detail = "Show help.")
public class HelpTelnetHandler implements TelnetHandler {
/**
* 扩展加载器
*/
private final ExtensionLoader<TelnetHandler> extensionLoader = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(TelnetHandler.class);
@Override
public String telnet(Channel channel, String message) {
// 如果需要查看某一个命令的帮助
if (message.length() > 0) {
if (!extensionLoader.hasExtension(message)) {
return "No such command " + message;
}
// 获得对应的扩展实现类
TelnetHandler handler = extensionLoader.getExtension(message);
Help help = handler.getClass().getAnnotation(Help.class);
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
// 生成命令和帮助信息
buf.append("Command:\r\n ");
buf.append(message + " " + help.parameter().replace("\r\n", " ").replace("\n", " "));
buf.append("\r\nSummary:\r\n ");
buf.append(help.summary().replace("\r\n", " ").replace("\n", " "));
buf.append("\r\nDetail:\r\n ");
buf.append(help.detail().replace("\r\n", " \r\n").replace("\n", " \n"));
return buf.toString();
// 如果查看所有命令的帮助
} else {
List<List<String>> table = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
// 获得所有命令的提示信息
List<TelnetHandler> handlers = extensionLoader.getActivateExtension(channel.getUrl(), "telnet");
if (handlers != null && !handlers.isEmpty()) {
for (TelnetHandler handler : handlers) {
Help help = handler.getClass().getAnnotation(Help.class);
List<String> row = new ArrayList<String>();
String parameter = " " + extensionLoader.getExtensionName(handler) + " " + (help != null ? help.parameter().replace("\r\n", " ").replace("\n", " ") : "");
row.add(parameter.length() > 50 ? parameter.substring(0, 50) + "..." : parameter);
String summary = help != null ? help.summary().replace("\r\n", " ").replace("\n", " ") : "";
row.add(summary.length() > 50 ? summary.substring(0, 50) + "..." : summary);
table.add(row);
}
}
return "Please input \"help [command]\" show detail.\r\n" + TelnetUtils.toList(table);
}
}
}
help分为了需要查看某一个命令的帮助还是查看全部命令的帮助。
(六)LogTelnetHandler
该类实现了TelnetHandler接口,封装了log命令的实现。
@Activate
@Help(parameter = "level", summary = "Change log level or show log ", detail = "Change log level or show log")
public class LogTelnetHandler implements TelnetHandler {
public static final String SERVICE_KEY = "telnet.log";
@Override
public String telnet(Channel channel, String message) {
long size = 0;
File file = LoggerFactory.getFile();
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
if (message == null || message.trim().length() == 0) {
buf.append("EXAMPLE: log error / log 100");
} else {
String str[] = message.split(" ");
if (!StringUtils.isInteger(str[0])) {
// 设置日志级别
LoggerFactory.setLevel(Level.valueOf(message.toUpperCase()));
} else {
// 获得日志长度
int SHOW_LOG_LENGTH = Integer.parseInt(str[0]);
if (file != null && file.exists()) {
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
try {
FileChannel filechannel = fis.getChannel();
try {
size = filechannel.size();
ByteBuffer bb;
if (size <= SHOW_LOG_LENGTH) {
// 分配缓冲区
bb = ByteBuffer.allocate((int) size);
// 读日志数据
filechannel.read(bb, 0);
} else {
int pos = (int) (size - SHOW_LOG_LENGTH);
// 分配缓冲区
bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(SHOW_LOG_LENGTH);
// 读取日志数据
filechannel.read(bb, pos);
}
bb.flip();
String content = new String(bb.array()).replace("<", "<")
.replace(">", ">").replace("\n", "<br/><br/>");
buf.append("\r\ncontent:" + content);
buf.append("\r\nmodified:" + (new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
.format(new Date(file.lastModified()))));
buf.append("\r\nsize:" + size + "\r\n");
} finally {
filechannel.close();
}
} finally {
fis.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
buf.append(e.getMessage());
}
} else {
size = 0;
buf.append("\r\nMESSAGE: log file not exists or log appender is console .");
}
}
}
buf.append("\r\nCURRENT LOG LEVEL:" + LoggerFactory.getLevel())
.append("\r\nCURRENT LOG APPENDER:" + (file == null ? "console" : file.getAbsolutePath()));
return buf.toString();
}
}
log命令实现原理就是从日志文件中把日志信息读取出来。
(七)StatusTelnetHandler
该类实现了TelnetHandler接口,封装了status命令的实现。
@Activate
@Help(parameter = "[-l]", summary = "Show status.", detail = "Show status.")
public class StatusTelnetHandler implements TelnetHandler {
private final ExtensionLoader<StatusChecker> extensionLoader = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(StatusChecker.class);
@Override
public String telnet(Channel channel, String message) {
// 显示状态列表
if (message.equals("-l")) {
List<StatusChecker> checkers = extensionLoader.getActivateExtension(channel.getUrl(), "status");
String[] header = new String[]{"resource", "status", "message"};
List<List<String>> table = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
Map<String, Status> statuses = new HashMap<String, Status>();
if (checkers != null && !checkers.isEmpty()) {
// 遍历各个资源的状态,如果一个当全部 OK 时则显示 OK,只要有一个 ERROR 则显示 ERROR,只要有一个 WARN 则显示 WARN
for (StatusChecker checker : checkers) {
String name = extensionLoader.getExtensionName(checker);
Status stat;
try {
stat = checker.check();
} catch (Throwable t) {
stat = new Status(Status.Level.ERROR, t.getMessage());
}
statuses.put(name, stat);
if (stat.getLevel() != null && stat.getLevel() != Status.Level.UNKNOWN) {
List<String> row = new ArrayList<String>();
row.add(name);
row.add(String.valueOf(stat.getLevel()));
row.add(stat.getMessage() == null ? "" : stat.getMessage());
table.add(row);
}
}
}
Status stat = StatusUtils.getSummaryStatus(statuses);
List<String> row = new ArrayList<String>();
row.add("summary");
row.add(String.valueOf(stat.getLevel()));
row.add(stat.getMessage());
table.add(row);
return TelnetUtils.toTable(header, table);
} else if (message.length() > 0) {
return "Unsupported parameter " + message + " for status.";
}
String status = channel.getUrl().getParameter("status");
Map<String, Status> statuses = new HashMap<String, Status>();
if (status != null && status.length() > 0) {
String[] ss = Constants.COMMA_SPLIT_PATTERN.split(status);
for (String s : ss) {
StatusChecker handler = extensionLoader.getExtension(s);
Status stat;
try {
stat = handler.check();
} catch (Throwable t) {
stat = new Status(Status.Level.ERROR, t.getMessage());
}
statuses.put(s, stat);
}
}
Status stat = StatusUtils.getSummaryStatus(statuses);
return String.valueOf(stat.getLevel());
}
}
(八)Help
该接口是帮助文档接口
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
public @interface Help {
String parameter() default "";
String summary();
String detail() default "";
}
可以看上在每个命令的实现类上都加上了@Help注解,为了添加一些帮助文案。
(九)TelnetUtils
该类是Telnet命令的工具类,其中逻辑我就不介绍了。
(十)TelnetCodec
该类继承了TransportCodec,是telnet的编解码类。
1.属性
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TelnetCodec.class);
/**
* 历史命令列表
*/
private static final String HISTORY_LIST_KEY = "telnet.history.list";
/**
* 历史命令位置,就是用上下键来找历史命令
*/
private static final String HISTORY_INDEX_KEY = "telnet.history.index";
/**
* 向上键
*/
private static final byte[] UP = new byte[]{27, 91, 65};
/**
* 向下键
*/
private static final byte[] DOWN = new byte[]{27, 91, 66};
/**
* 回车
*/
private static final List<?> ENTER = Arrays.asList(new Object[]{new byte[]{'\r', '\n'} /* Windows Enter */, new byte[]{'\n'} /* Linux Enter */});
/**
* 退出
*/
private static final List<?> EXIT = Arrays.asList(new Object[]{new byte[]{3} /* Windows Ctrl+C */, new byte[]{-1, -12, -1, -3, 6} /* Linux Ctrl+C */, new byte[]{-1, -19, -1, -3, 6} /* Linux Pause */});
2.getCharset
private static Charset getCharset(Channel channel) {
if (channel != null) {
// 获得属性设置
Object attribute = channel.getAttribute(Constants.CHARSET_KEY);
// 返回指定字符集的charset对象。
if (attribute instanceof String) {
try {
return Charset.forName((String) attribute);
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
} else if (attribute instanceof Charset) {
return (Charset) attribute;
}
URL url = channel.getUrl();
if (url != null) {
String parameter = url.getParameter(Constants.CHARSET_KEY);
if (parameter != null && parameter.length() > 0) {
try {
return Charset.forName(parameter);
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
}
}
// 默认的编码是utf-8
try {
return Charset.forName(Constants.DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
return Charset.defaultCharset();
}
该方法是获得通道的字符集,根据url中编码来获得字符集,默认是utf-8。
3.encode
@Override
public void encode(Channel channel, ChannelBuffer buffer, Object message) throws IOException {
// 如果需要编码的是 telnet 命令结果
if (message instanceof String) {
//如果为客户端侧的通道message直接返回
if (isClientSide(channel)) {
message = message + "\r\n";
}
// 获得字节数组
byte[] msgData = ((String) message).getBytes(getCharset(channel).name());
// 写入缓冲区
buffer.writeBytes(msgData);
} else {
super.encode(channel, buffer, message);
}
}
该方法是编码方法。
4.decode
@Override
public Object decode(Channel channel, ChannelBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
// 获得缓冲区可读的字节
int readable = buffer.readableBytes();
byte[] message = new byte[readable];
// 从缓冲区读数据
buffer.readBytes(message);
return decode(channel, buffer, readable, message);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected Object decode(Channel channel, ChannelBuffer buffer, int readable, byte[] message) throws IOException {
// 如果是客户端侧,直接返回结果
if (isClientSide(channel)) {
return toString(message, getCharset(channel));
}
// 检验消息长度
checkPayload(channel, readable);
if (message == null || message.length == 0) {
return DecodeResult.NEED_MORE_INPUT;
}
// 如果回退
if (message[message.length - 1] == '\b') { // Windows backspace echo
try {
boolean doublechar = message.length >= 3 && message[message.length - 3] < 0; // double byte char
channel.send(new String(doublechar ? new byte[]{32, 32, 8, 8} : new byte[]{32, 8}, getCharset(channel).name()));
} catch (RemotingException e) {
throw new IOException(StringUtils.toString(e));
}
return DecodeResult.NEED_MORE_INPUT;
}
// 如果命令是退出
for (Object command : EXIT) {
if (isEquals(message, (byte[]) command)) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info(new Exception("Close channel " + channel + " on exit command: " + Arrays.toString((byte[]) command)));
}
// 关闭通道
channel.close();
return null;
}
}
boolean up = endsWith(message, UP);
boolean down = endsWith(message, DOWN);
// 如果用上下键找历史命令
if (up || down) {
LinkedList<String> history = (LinkedList<String>) channel.getAttribute(HISTORY_LIST_KEY);
if (history == null || history.isEmpty()) {
return DecodeResult.NEED_MORE_INPUT;
}
Integer index = (Integer) channel.getAttribute(HISTORY_INDEX_KEY);
Integer old = index;
if (index == null) {
index = history.size() - 1;
} else {
// 向上
if (up) {
index = index - 1;
if (index < 0) {
index = history.size() - 1;
}
} else {
// 向下
index = index + 1;
if (index > history.size() - 1) {
index = 0;
}
}
}
// 获得历史命令,并发送给客户端
if (old == null || !old.equals(index)) {
// 设置当前命令位置
channel.setAttribute(HISTORY_INDEX_KEY, index);
// 获得历史命令
String value = history.get(index);
// 清除客户端原有命令,用查到的历史命令替代
if (old != null && old >= 0 && old < history.size()) {
String ov = history.get(old);
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < ov.length(); i++) {
buf.append("\b");
}
for (int i = 0; i < ov.length(); i++) {
buf.append(" ");
}
for (int i = 0; i < ov.length(); i++) {
buf.append("\b");
}
value = buf.toString() + value;
}
try {
channel.send(value);
} catch (RemotingException e) {
throw new IOException(StringUtils.toString(e));
}
}
// 返回,需要更多指令
return DecodeResult.NEED_MORE_INPUT;
}
// 关闭命令
for (Object command : EXIT) {
if (isEquals(message, (byte[]) command)) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info(new Exception("Close channel " + channel + " on exit command " + command));
}
channel.close();
return null;
}
}
byte[] enter = null;
// 如果命令是回车
for (Object command : ENTER) {
if (endsWith(message, (byte[]) command)) {
enter = (byte[]) command;
break;
}
}
if (enter == null) {
return DecodeResult.NEED_MORE_INPUT;
}
LinkedList<String> history = (LinkedList<String>) channel.getAttribute(HISTORY_LIST_KEY);
Integer index = (Integer) channel.getAttribute(HISTORY_INDEX_KEY);
// 移除历史命令
channel.removeAttribute(HISTORY_INDEX_KEY);
// 将历史命令拼接
if (history != null && !history.isEmpty() && index != null && index >= 0 && index < history.size()) {
String value = history.get(index);
if (value != null) {
byte[] b1 = value.getBytes();
byte[] b2 = new byte[b1.length + message.length];
System.arraycopy(b1, 0, b2, 0, b1.length);
System.arraycopy(message, 0, b2, b1.length, message.length);
message = b2;
}
}
// 将命令字节数组,转成具体的一条命令
String result = toString(message, getCharset(channel));
if (result.trim().length() > 0) {
if (history == null) {
history = new LinkedList<String>();
channel.setAttribute(HISTORY_LIST_KEY, history);
}
if (history.isEmpty()) {
history.addLast(result);
} else if (!result.equals(history.getLast())) {
history.remove(result);
// 添加当前命令到历史尾部
history.addLast(result);
// 超过上限,移除历史的头部
if (history.size() > 10) {
history.removeFirst();
}
}
}
return result;
}
该方法是编码。
后记
该部分相关的源码解析地址: https://github.com/CrazyHZM/i...
该文章讲解了telnet的相关实现逻辑,本文有兴趣的朋友可以看看。下一篇我会讲解基于grizzly实现远程通信部分。