perl的包含文件
require ("myfile.pl");

基本的包含文件全过程

  • 建立一个include文件，就按整个的perl script文件格式建立,文件中写sub.包或模块中，必须有reutrn 1;

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi file1.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

sub gotest{
my(@tmp)=@_;

open (MYFILE, $tmp[0]) || die ("Could not open file");
my($line,$newline);
while ($line=<MYFILE>) {
$line=~ tr/a-zA-Z//s;
print "good \n";
print "\$line is :$line";
print "\$\& is : $&", "\n";
}

close(MYFILE);
}

  • 主perl文件require上边的包含文件,引用定义在包含文件中的sub

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl

require ("file1.pl");

$file="/home/macg/perltest/gogo";
&gotest($file);

@arrary=qw(a b cc dd);
$pointer = \@arrary;
for($i=0;$i<4;$i++) {
print "$i : $pointer->[$i] \n"; }
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
file1.pl did not return a true value at ./tip.pl line 3.



上面哪里错了？ 包含文件，必须return一个1

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi file1.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

sub gotest{
my(@tmp)=@_;

open (MYFILE, $tmp[0]) || die ("Could not open file");
my($line,$newline);
while ($line=<MYFILE>) {
$line=~ tr/a-zA-Z//s;
print "good \n";
print "\$line is :$line";
print "\$\& is : $&", "\n";
}

close(MYFILE);
}

1;
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
good
$line is :I WANTWANT TO go to NY. And I also wWant to be DC.



require; 不指定文件名
变量$_的值即作为文件名传递给require



require("testdir/file1.pl"); 允许带路径名

#!/usr/bin/perl

require ("testdir/file1.pl");

$file="/home/macg/perltest/gogo";
&gotest($file);

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ls -F
file1.pl gogo newdir/ newtest test testdir/ tip.pl*
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ls testdir
file1.pl test1

[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
good
$line is :I WANTWANT TO go to NY. And I also wWant to be DC



不用全路径名，而require文件又不在当前路径下，怎么办？ ----@INC

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

require ("file1.pl");

$file="/home/macg/perltest/gogo";
&gotest($file);
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
Can't locate file1.pl in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4/i386-linux-thread-multi at ./tip.pl line 3.

把file1.pl所在目录放入@INC系统变量中

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl

unshift (@INC, "/home/macg/perltest/testdir");
require ("file1.pl");

$file="/home/macg/perltest/gogo";
&gotest($file);
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
good
$line is :I WANTWANT TO go to NY. And I also wWant to be DC



@INC

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl

@arraytest=qq(hello "test" world);
#!/usr/bin/perl
foreach (@INC) {
print $_,"\n";
}
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.6
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.3
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.6
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.5
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.4
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.3
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6/i386-linux-thread-multi
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6



修改@INC

[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
$path1="/home/macg";
$path2="/home/macg/www";
push(@INC,$path1);放尾部
unshift(@INC,$path2); 放头部
foreach (@INC) {
print $_,"\n";
}
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
/home/macg/www
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.6
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.5
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.4
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.3
/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.6
.
/home/macg


push 或unshift @INC只对当前文件执行时刻有效，没有global效果