双点双向重发布控制
实验需求及应用环境:
version 2
network 1.0.0.0
no auto-summary
version 2
no passive-interface Serial1/0
network 192.168.12.0
no auto-summaryR3配置:
redistribute rip metric 1000 metric-type 1 subnets tag 3 route-map 11
no passive-interface Serial1/1
distance ospf external 170 //配置OSPF外部区域的管理距离为170router rip //配置RIP
passive-interface default
no auto-summary
match ip address 10 //匹配流量
match tag 5 //匹配打标记的流量
router ospf 1 //配置OSPF
no passive-interface Serial1/0
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
router-id 5.5.5.5
passive-interface default
network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
redistribute ospf 1 metric 5 //重分布OSPF到RIP
network 192.168.25.0
route-map 5 permit 20 //允许其它所有流量通过R5的路由表:
R 1.1.1.1 [120/2] via 192.168.25.1, 00:00:12, Serial1/1
C 192.168.45.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O 4.4.4.4 [110/65] via 192.168.45.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/0
O E1 192.168.23.0/24 [110/1128] via 192.168.45.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/0
O 192.168.34.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.45.2, 00:00:29, Serial1/0R3的路由表:
O E1 1.1.1.1 [110/1128] via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1
O 192.168.45.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1
O 4.4.4.4 [110/65] via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1
C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
1.1.1.1 5.5.5.5 499 0x80000001 0x000B26 0
192.168.23.0 3.3.3.3 484 0x80000001 0x00C5F6 0
我们看一下R4的路由表和LSDB:
O E1 1.1.1.1 [110/1064] via 192.168.45.1, 00:10:11, Serial1/1
O E1 192.168.25.0/24 [110/1064] via 192.168.45.1, 00:10:11, Serial1/1
O E1 192.168.23.0/24 [110/1064] via 192.168.34.1, 00:10:11, Serial1/0
1.1.1.1 5.5.5.5 711 0x80000001 0x000B26 0
192.168.23.0 3.3.3.3 698 0x80000001 0x00C5F6 0
从R3上的路由表没有RIP路由我们可以得知,由于OSPF的管理距离为110而RIP的为120,所以OSPF的路由优于RIP,所以全局路由表中只有OSPF的5类路由,形成了次佳路由,由于全局路由表中没有RIP路由,所以它不能发出那些外部路由的5类LSA,所以在R4也不能形成负载均衡。至于只有R3产生次佳路由,原因是R5先重发布而发出5类LSA,被R3学习到导致R3的RIP不能进全局路由表,也就不会有那些路由的5类LSA通告(只有直连外部路由通告),所以生成R3、R5上的部分次佳路由。
思考哪个方法更优?
redistribute rip metric 1000 metric-type 1 subnets tag 5 //在R5上重分布进来的RIP路由打一标记5
11.11.11.11 5.5.5.5 97 0x80000003 0x00936E 5
192.168.25.0 5.5.5.5 97 0x80000005 0x00C5E3 5
route-map 5 deny 10 //建立router-map 5 过滤匹配的路由
distribute-list route-map 5 in //在OSPF进程中过滤带标记的路由安装到全局路由表
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 5.5.5.5 [110/129] via 192.168.34.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1
R 11.11.11.11 [120/2] via 192.168.23.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0
R5是做以上配置,解决次佳路由:
route-map 3 deny 10 //建立router-map 3 过滤匹配的路由
distribute-list route-map 3 in //用分发列表在OSPF进程中过滤带标记的路由安装到全局路由表
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R 3.3.3.3 [120/6] via 192.168.25.1, 00:00:14, Serial1/1
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 11.11.11.11 [120/2] via 192.168.25.1, 00:00:14, Serial1/1
[110/1064] via 192.168.34.1, 00:02:48, Serial1/0
方法二:
distance ospf external 170 //定义OSPF外部路由管理距离为170
distance ospf external 170 //定义OSPF外部路由管理距离为170现在R3和R5没有次佳路由了吧,R4能走负载均衡了吧
以上两种方法哪种好了?当然是方法2了,配置命令这么少;如采用方案一的话,当R3到R2(R5到R2)的链路断了,它还能去往1.1.1.1吗?当然不能了,因为OSPF的路由被过滤了,如果是方法二就还有一条OSPF的外部路由,还是可以通的。
配置如下:
route-map 11 permit 10 //建立一个route-map
redistribute rip metric 1000 metric-type 1 subnets tag 3 route-map 11
O E1 11.11.11.11 [110/564] via 192.168.34.1, 00:00:08, Serial1/0
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转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/bozong/1406337