[link:http://edin.no-ip.com/blog/hswong3i/oracle-database-11g-release-2-ubuntu-12-04-howto]
This HOWTO will guide you though installation of Oracle Database 11g Release 2 on Ubuntu 12.04.
Install the base system
First of all you should install Ubuntu 12.04 with minimal packages, almost nothing else is required at the beginning.
After initial installation run the following command to upgrade your system as latest stable + some optional useful packages:
aptitude update && \
aptitude -y full-upgrade && \
tasksel install openssh-server && \
tasksel install server && \
tasksel install mail-server && \
tasksel install ubuntu-desktop && \
aptitude -y install colordiff locate ntp pwgen rsync vim
Once everything get ready you may start the GUI and test with:
startx
Check your /etc/hostname and update as below:
localhost.localdomain
Check your /etc/hosts and update as below:
127.0.0.1
localhost.localdomain localhost
Running /etc/init.d/hostname.sh (or simply reboot your Ubuntu), then test the hostname of system with:
hostname
Ok up to this point your Ubuntu 12.04 should basically configure for installing Oracle 11gR2.
Check your hardware setup
First of all, you need to have AT LEAST 1GB of physical memory (I use 2GB here). Check it with:
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
On the other hand, it is suggest to have swap with 1.5 time of your physical memory, e.g. around 2GB. Check it with:
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
In case I am using libvirt + KVM VM client, I don't hope to create swap partition by default or else if all VMs are running out of resourse they will all keep on swapping to harddisk and finally all gone...
Here I will create a temperate swap file and activate it during installation; once reboot it will gone automatically (or manually disable it with swapoff /tmp/swap):
dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swap bs=1M count=4096
chmod 600 /tmp/swap
mkswap /tmp/swap
swapon /tmp/swap
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
Shared memory is very important, too. Or else you may face the ORA-00845 error message. First check it with:
df -kh /dev/shm/
If you have less than 512MB (I will suggest for 1GB), edit your /etc/fstab and add/modify the following line:
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1024M 0 0
Then remount it and check the size once again:
mount -o remount /dev/shm
df -kh /dev/shm/
Install dependence packages
As I assume you have Ubuntu 12.04 installed correctly with X11, we just need to dig into dependence packages installation directly (in case of AMD64):
aptitude -y install alien binutils build-essential cpp-4.4 debhelper g++-4.4 gawk gcc-4.4 gcc-4.4-base gettext html2text ia32-libs intltool-debian ksh lesstif2 lib32bz2-dev lib32z1-dev libaio-dev libaio1 libbeecrypt7 libc6 libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 libdb4.8 libelf-dev libelf1 libltdl-dev libltdl7 libmotif4 libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386 libqt4-core libqt4-gui libsqlite3-0 libstdc++5 libstdc++6 libstdc++6-4.4-dev lsb lsb-core lsb-cxx lsb-desktop lsb-graphics lsb-qt4 make odbcinst pax po-debconf rpm rpm-common sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-dev unzip
System groups and users
Check your existing setup with:
grep oinstall /etc/group
grep dba /etc/group
grep nobody /etc/group
id oracle
id nobody
Most likely, you should run the following command for create the required system groups and users. Latest Ubuntu already come with user nobody so we don't need to retouch it:
addgroup --system oinstall
addgroup --system dba
useradd -r -g oinstall -G dba -m -s /bin/bash -d /var/lib/oracle oracle
passwd oracle
Configure kernel parameters
Check your existing setup with:
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
Then edit your /etc/sysctl.conf and add the following lines:
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
Run the following command to reload these kernel parameters:
sysctl -p
Shell limits for oracle user
Add the following to /etc/security/limits.conf as below:
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
Check (or add) if the following line exits within /etc/pam.d/login:
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
Check (or add) if the following line exits within /etc/pam.d/su:
session required pam_limits.so
Create required directories
Create required directory and change permission:
rm -rf /u01 /u02
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u02/oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02
Configuring the oracle user's environment
Add following line to /var/lib/oracle/.profile (as i will create a AL32UTF8 database; change to US7ASCII if you will create ASCII database). This will also map Oracle's /bin to your $PATH so can run Oracle's binary directly when login as user oracle:
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=AL32UTF8
export NLS_LANG=.AL32UTF8
unset TNS_ADMIN
if [ -d "$ORACLE_HOME/bin" ]; then
PATH="$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi
Fake Oracle installer
As mentioned before , Ubuntu is not listed as Oracle officially support platform and so we need to "fake" it. Create symbolic links:
mkdir /usr/lib64
ln -s /etc /etc/rc.d
ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib64/
ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /lib64/
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/
Also mask ourself as RedHat:
echo 'Red Hat Linux release 5' > /etc/redhat-release
Last step before installation start
First of all, login with your new oracle user, with X enabled.
If you are using PuTTY + Xming, for sure that the X11 forward is enabled.
Copy the file linux_11gR1_database.zip to oracle's home directory, then unzip it:
cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /var/lib/oracle
cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /var/lib/oracle
cd /var/lib/oracle
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
chown -Rf oracle:oinstall /var/lib/oracle/
I will STRONGLY suggest for a complete reboot, and double-check ALL pre-installation BEFORE starting the next step.
Recommended installation procedures
First of all login with useraccount "oracle" and start the X11 with startx, then start the installer with:
cd /var/lib/oracle/database && ./runInstaller
Next we go though the installation (I don't have the "Oracle Support Password" so just skip in here):
In "Selection Installation Option", choose "Create and configure a database":
In "System Class", choose "Server Class" (we hope to give a full control during installation):
In "Node Selection", choose "Single instance database installation":
In "Select Install Type", choose "Advanced install":
In "Select Product Languages", I choose to install all available languages:
In "Select Database Edition", I choose "Enterprise Edition":
In "Specify Installation Location", it should default as below:
- Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle
- Sofeware Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
In "Create Inventory", it should default as below:
- Inventory Directory: /u01/app/oraInventory
- oraInventory Group Name: oinstall
In "Select Configure Type", choose "General Purpose / Transaction Processing":
(IMPORTANT!) In "Specify Database Identifiers", configure as below:
- Global database name: AL32UTF8.localdomain
- Oracle Service Identifier (SID): AL32UTF8
In "Specify Configuration Options", configure as below:
- Memory -> Enable Automatic Memory Management: TRUE
- Character sets: Use Unicode (AL32UTF8)
In "Specify Management Options", choose "Use Database Control for database management" but keep other else empty:
In "Specify Database Storage Options", choose "File System" where:
- Specify database file location: /u01/app/oracle/oradata
In "Specify Recovery Options", choose "Do not enable automated backups":
In "Specify Schema Passwords", I am a bit lazy so choose "Use the same password for all accounts" (don't do this in production server!):
In "Privileged Operating System Groups", confirm as below:
- Database Administrator (OSDBA) Group: dba
- Database Operator (OSOPER) Group: oinstall
In "Preform Prerequisite Checks", just simply ignore all warning message (since we are using Debian but not Oracle officially supported OS):
So just confirm everything in "Summary":
And now let's go for a coffee break ;-)
Oh it should that almost done! Special note for Ubuntu 12.04: If you face error during installation so update as below:
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
sed -i 's/^\(\s*\$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)\)\s*$/\1 -lnnz11/g' $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
sed -i 's/^\(\$LD \$LD_RUNTIME\) \(\$LD_OPT\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genorasdksh
sed -i 's/^\(\s*\)\(\$(OCRLIBS_DEFAULT)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/srvm/lib/ins_srvm.mk
sed -i 's/^\(TNSLSNR_LINKLINE.*\$(TNSLSNR_OFILES)\) \(\$(LINKTTLIBS)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/env_network.mk
sed -i 's/^\(ORACLE_LINKLINE.*\$(ORACLE_LINKER)\) \(\$(PL_FLAGS)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk
Then keep ongoing for installation ;-)
Now following the instructions and run the following commands with "root" user:
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Ok you get it!
Confirm with installation progress
In previous screen the installer mentioned that we can access "Enterprise Manager Database Control URL - (AL32UTF8)" from https://localhost.localdomain:1158/em, so now let's open the browser and test it with following account:
- User Name: SYS
- Password: your_secret_password
- Connect As: SYSDBA
Once login it should show as below:
Autostart Oracle during system boot
There is almost for sure that you will hope to start your Oracle automatically during system boot. Even you may turn this feature off, but the init.d script is very useful, too.
First of all, specify which database instant will be started together with Oracle. Edit /etc/oratab as below:
AL32UTF8:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y
Next, create init.d script as /etc/init.d/oracle:
#!/bin/bash
#
# Run-level Startup script for the Oracle Instance and Listener
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Oracle
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Startup/Shutdown Oracle listener and instance
### END INIT INFO
ORA_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1"
ORA_OWNR="oracle"
# if the executables do not exist -- display error
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORA_HOME ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit 1
fi
# depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart
# of the instance and listener or usage display
case "$1" in
start)
# Oracle listener and instance startup
echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORA_HOME"
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
#Optional : for Enterprise Manager software only
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch /var/lock/oracle
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
# Oracle listener and instance shutdown
echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
#Optional : for Enterprise Manager software only
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORA_HOME"
rm -f /var/lock/oracle
echo "OK"
;;
reload|restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 start|stop|restart|reload"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
Permission is very important, too:
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
Finally, install the script so Oracle will start during system bootup:
update-rc.d-insserv oracle defaults 99 01
NOTE: You may find the following error message during /etc/init.d/oracle/stop:
Shutdown Oracle: ulimit: 25: bad number
You can then update /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl with #!/bin/bash to solve the problem:
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
sed -i 's/^#!\/bin\/sh -f\s*/#!\/bin\/bash -f/g' $ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl