bytes.buffer是一个缓冲byte类型的缓冲器存放着都是byte
Buffer 是 bytes 包中的一个 type Buffer struct{…}A buffer is a variable-sized buffer of bytes with Read and Write methods. The zero value for Buffer is an empty buffer ready to use.
(是一个变长的 buffer,具有 Read 和Write 方法。 Buffer 的 零值 是一个 空的 buffer,可是能够使用)
Buffer 就像一个集装箱容器,能够存东西,取东西(存取数据)
- 创建 一个 Buffer (事实上底层就是一个 []byte, 字节切片)
- 向当中写入数据 (Write mtheods)
- 从当中读取数据 (Write methods)
创建 Buffer缓冲器
var b bytes.Buffer //直接定义一个 Buffer 变量,而不用初始化
b.Writer([]byte("Hello ")) // 能够直接使用
b1 := new(bytes.Buffer) //直接使用 new 初始化。能够直接使用
// 其他两种定义方式
func NewBuffer(buf []byte) *Buffer
func NewBufferString(s string) *Buffer
NewBuffer
// NewBuffer creates and initializes a new Buffer using buf as its initial
// contents. It is intended to prepare a Buffer to read existing data. It
// can also be used to size the internal buffer for writing. To do that,
// buf should have the desired capacity but a length of zero.
//
// In most cases, new(Buffer) (or just declaring a Buffer variable) is
// sufficient to initialize a Buffer.
func NewBuffer(buf []byte) *Buffer { return &Buffer{buf: buf} }
- NewBuffer使用buf作为參数初始化Buffer,
- Buffer既能够被读也能够被写
- 假设是读Buffer。buf需填充一定的数据
- 假设是写。buf需有一定的容量(capacity)。当然也能够通过new(Buffer)来初始化Buffer。另外一个方法NewBufferString用一个string来初始化可读Buffer,并用string的内容填充Buffer.
func IntToBytes(n int) []byte {
x := int32(n)
//创建一个内容是[]byte的slice的缓冲器
//与bytes.NewBufferString("")等效
bytesBuffer := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
binary.Write(bytesBuffer, binary.BigEndian, x)
return bytesBuffer.Bytes()
}
NewBufferString
- 方法NewBufferString用一个string来初始化可读Buffer。并用string的内容填充Buffer.
- 使用方法和NewBuffer没有太大差别
// NewBufferString creates and initializes a new Buffer using string s as its
// initial contents. It is intended to prepare a buffer to read an existing
// string.
//
// In most cases, new(Buffer) (or just declaring a Buffer variable) is
// sufficient to initialize a Buffer.
func NewBufferString(s string) *Buffer {
return &Buffer{buf: []byte(s)}
}
func TestBufferString(){
buf1:=bytes.NewBufferString("swift")
buf2:=bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("swift"))
buf3:=bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{'s','w','i','f','t'})
fmt.Println("===========下面buf1,buf2,buf3等效=========")
fmt.Println("buf1:", buf1)
fmt.Println("buf2:", buf2)
fmt.Println("buf3:", buf3)
fmt.Println("===========下面创建空的缓冲器等效=========")
buf4:=bytes.NewBufferString("")
buf5:=bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
fmt.Println("buf4:", buf4)
fmt.Println("buf5:", buf5)
}
输出:
===========下面buf1,buf2,buf3等效=========
buf1: swift
buf2: swift
buf3: swift
===========下面创建空的缓冲器等效=========
buf4:
buf5:
向 Buffer 中写入数据
Write
把字节切片 p 写入到buffer中去。
// Write appends the contents of p to the buffer, growing the buffer as
// needed. The return value n is the length of p; err is always nil. If the
// buffer becomes too large, Write will panic with ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
b.lastRead = opInvalid
m := b.grow(len(p))
return copy(b.buf[m:], p), nil
}
fmt.Println("===========下面通过Write把swift写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========")
newBytes := []byte("swift")
//创建一个内容Learning的缓冲器
buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("Learning"))
//打印为Learning
fmt.Println(buf.String())
//将newBytes这个slice写到buf的尾部
buf.Write(newBytes)
fmt.Println(buf.String())
打印:
===========下面通过Write把swift写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========
Learning
Learningswift
WriteString
使用WriteString方法,将一个字符串放到缓冲器的尾部
// WriteString appends the contents of s to the buffer, growing the buffer as
// needed. The return value n is the length of s; err is always nil. If the
// buffer becomes too large, WriteString will panic with ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) WriteString(s string) (n int, err error) {
b.lastRead = opInvalid
m := b.grow(len(s))
return copy(b.buf[m:], s), nil
}
fmt.Println("===========下面通过WriteString把swift写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========")
newString := "swift"
//创建一个string内容Learning的缓冲器
buf := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning")
//打印为Learning
fmt.Println(buf.String())
//将newString这个string写到buf的尾部
buf.WriteString(newString)
fmt.Println(buf.String())
打印:
===========下面通过Write把swift写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========
Learning
Learningswift
WriteByte
将一个byte类型的数据放到缓冲器的尾部
// WriteByte appends the byte c to the buffer, growing the buffer as needed.
// The returned error is always nil, but is included to match bufio.Writer's
// WriteByte. If the buffer becomes too large, WriteByte will panic with
// ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) WriteByte(c byte) error {
b.lastRead = opInvalid
m := b.grow(1)
b.buf[m] = c
return nil
}
fmt.Println("===========下面通过WriteByte把!写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========")
var newByte byte = '!'
//创建一个string内容Learning的缓冲器
buf := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning")
//打印为Learning
fmt.Println(buf.String())
//将newString这个string写到buf的尾部
buf.WriteByte(newByte)
fmt.Println(buf.String())
打印:
===========下面通过WriteByte把swift写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========
Learning
Learning!
WriteRune
将一个rune类型的数据放到缓冲器的尾部
// WriteRune appends the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode code point r to the
// buffer, returning its length and an error, which is always nil but is
// included to match bufio.Writer's WriteRune. The buffer is grown as needed;
// if it becomes too large, WriteRune will panic with ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) WriteRune(r rune) (n int, err error) {
if r < utf8.RuneSelf {
b.WriteByte(byte(r))
return 1, nil
}
n = utf8.EncodeRune(b.runeBytes[0:], r)
b.Write(b.runeBytes[0:n])
return n, nil
}
fmt.Println("===========下面通过WriteRune把\"好\"写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========")
var newRune = '好'
//创建一个string内容Learning的缓冲器
buf := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning")
//打印为Learning
fmt.Println(buf.String())
//将newString这个string写到buf的尾部
buf.WriteRune(newRune)
fmt.Println(buf.String())
打印:
===========下面通过WriteRune把”好”写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========
Learning
Learning好
完整演示样例
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
//newBuffer 整形转换成字节
var n int = 10000
intToBytes := IntToBytes(n)
fmt.Println("==========int to bytes========")
fmt.Println(intToBytes)
//NewBufferString
TestBufferString()
//write
BufferWrite()
//WriteString
BufferWriteString()
//WriteByte
BufferWriteByte()
//WriteRune
BufferWriteRune()
}
func IntToBytes(n int) []byte {
x := int32(n)
//创建一个内容是[]byte的slice的缓冲器
//与bytes.NewBufferString("")等效
bytesBuffer := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
binary.Write(bytesBuffer, binary.BigEndian, x)
return bytesBuffer.Bytes()
}
func TestBufferString(){
buf1:=bytes.NewBufferString("swift")
buf2:=bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("swift"))
buf3:=bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{'s','w','i','f','t'})
fmt.Println("===========下面buf1,buf2,buf3等效=========")
fmt.Println("buf1:", buf1)
fmt.Println("buf2:", buf2)
fmt.Println("buf3:", buf3)
fmt.Println("===========下面创建空的缓冲器等效=========")
buf4:=bytes.NewBufferString("")
buf5:=bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
fmt.Println("buf4:", buf4)
fmt.Println("buf5:", buf5)
}
func BufferWrite(){
fmt.Println("===========下面通过Write把swift写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========")
newBytes := []byte("swift")
//创建一个内容Learning的缓冲器
buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("Learning"))
//打印为Learning
fmt.Println(buf.String())
//将newBytes这个slice写到buf的尾部
buf.Write(newBytes)
fmt.Println(buf.String())
}
func BufferWriteString(){
fmt.Println("===========下面通过Write把swift写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========")
newString := "swift"
//创建一个string内容Learning的缓冲器
buf := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning")
//打印为Learning
fmt.Println(buf.String())
//将newString这个string写到buf的尾部
buf.WriteString(newString)
fmt.Println(buf.String())
}
func BufferWriteByte(){
fmt.Println("===========下面通过WriteByte把swift写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========")
var newByte byte = '!'
//创建一个string内容Learning的缓冲器
buf := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning")
//打印为Learning
fmt.Println(buf.String())
//将newString这个string写到buf的尾部
buf.WriteByte(newByte)
fmt.Println(buf.String())
}
func BufferWriteRune(){
fmt.Println("===========下面通过WriteRune把\"好\"写入Learning缓冲器尾部=========")
var newRune = '好'
//创建一个string内容Learning的缓冲器
buf := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning")
//打印为Learning
fmt.Println(buf.String())
//将newString这个string写到buf的尾部
buf.WriteRune(newRune)
fmt.Println(buf.String())
}
向 Buffer 中读取数据
Read
给Read方法一个容器p。读完后。p就满了。缓冲器对应的降低了。返回的n为成功读的数量
// Read reads the next len(p) bytes from the buffer or until the buffer
// is drained. The return value n is the number of bytes read. If the
// buffer has no data to return, err is io.EOF (unless len(p) is zero);
// otherwise it is nil.
func (b *Buffer) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {}
func Read(){
bufs := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning swift.")
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
//声明一个空的slice,容量为8
l := make([]byte, 8)
//把bufs的内容读入到l内,由于l容量为8,所以仅仅读了8个过来
bufs.Read(l)
fmt.Println("::bufs缓冲器内容::")
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
//空的l被写入了8个字符,所以为 Learning
fmt.Println("::l的slice内容::")
fmt.Println(string(l))
//把bufs的内容读入到l内,原来的l的内容被覆盖了
bufs.Read(l)
fmt.Println("::bufs缓冲器被第二次读取后剩余的内容::")
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
fmt.Println("::l的slice内容被覆盖,由于bufs仅仅有7个了,因此最后一个g被留下来了::")
fmt.Println(string(l))
}
打印:
=======Read=======
Learning swift.
::bufs缓冲器内容::
swift.
::l的slice内容::
Learning
::bufs缓冲器被第二次读取后剩余的内容::::l的slice内容被覆盖::
swift.g
ReadByte
返回缓冲器头部的第一个byte,缓冲器头部第一个byte被拿掉
// ReadByte reads and returns the next byte from the buffer.
// If no byte is available, it returns error io.EOF.
func (b *Buffer) ReadByte() (c byte, err error) {}
func ReadByte(){
bufs := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning swift.")
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
//读取第一个byte,赋值给b
b, _ := bufs.ReadByte()
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
fmt.Println(string(b))
}
打印:
=======ReadByte===
Learning swift.
earning swift.
L
ReadRune
ReadRune和ReadByte非常像
返回缓冲器头部的第一个rune,缓冲器头部第一个rune被拿掉
// ReadRune reads and returns the next UTF-8-encoded
// Unicode code point from the buffer.
// If no bytes are available, the error returned is io.EOF.
// If the bytes are an erroneous UTF-8 encoding, it
// consumes one byte and returns U+FFFD, 1.
func (b *Buffer) ReadRune() (r rune, size int, err error) {}
func ReadRune(){
bufs := bytes.NewBufferString("学swift.")
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
//读取第一个rune,赋值给r
r,z,_ := bufs.ReadRune()
//打印中文"学",缓冲器头部第一个被拿走
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
//打印"学","学"作为utf8储存占3个byte
fmt.Println("r=",string(r),",z=",z)
}
ReadBytes
ReadBytes须要一个byte作为分隔符,读的时候从缓冲器里找第一个出现的分隔符(delim)。找到后,把从缓冲器头部開始到分隔符之间的全部byte进行返回,作为byte类型的slice,返回后。缓冲器也会空掉一部分
// ReadBytes reads until the first occurrence of delim in the input,
// returning a slice containing the data up to and including the delimiter.
// If ReadBytes encounters an error before finding a delimiter,
// it returns the data read before the error and the error itself (often io.EOF).
// ReadBytes returns err != nil if and only if the returned data does not end in
// delim.
func (b *Buffer) ReadBytes(delim byte) (line []byte, err error) {}
func ReadBytes(){
bufs := bytes.NewBufferString("如今開始 Learning swift.")
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
var delim byte = 'L'
line, _ := bufs.ReadBytes(delim)
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
fmt.Println(string(line))
}
打印:
=======ReadBytes==
如今開始 Learning swift.
earning swift.
如今開始 L
ReadString
ReadString须要一个byte作为分隔符。读的时候从缓冲器里找第一个出现的分隔符(delim),找到后,把从缓冲器头部開始到分隔符之间的全部byte进行返回,作为字符串。返回后,缓冲器也会空掉一部分
和ReadBytes相似
// ReadString reads until the first occurrence of delim in the input,
// returning a string containing the data up to and including the delimiter.
// If ReadString encounters an error before finding a delimiter,
// it returns the data read before the error and the error itself (often io.EOF).
// ReadString returns err != nil if and only if the returned data does not end
// in delim.
func (b *Buffer) ReadString(delim byte) (line string, err error) {}
ReadFrom
从一个实现io.Reader接口的r,把r里的内容读到缓冲器里。n返回读的数量
// ReadFrom reads data from r until EOF and appends it to the buffer, growing
// the buffer as needed. The return value n is the number of bytes read. Any
// error except io.EOF encountered during the read is also returned. If the
// buffer becomes too large, ReadFrom will panic with ErrTooLarge.
func (b *Buffer) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {}
func ReadFrom(){
//test.txt 内容是 "未来"
file, _ := os.Open("learngo/bytes/text.txt")
buf := bytes.NewBufferString("Learning swift.")
buf.ReadFrom(file) //将text.txt内容追加到缓冲器的尾部
fmt.Println(buf.String())
}
打印:
=======ReadFrom===
Learning swift.未来
Reset
将数据清空,没有数据可读
// Reset resets the buffer so it has no content.
// b.Reset() is the same as b.Truncate(0).
func (b *Buffer) Reset() { b.Truncate(0) }
func Reset(){
bufs := bytes.NewBufferString("如今開始 Learning swift.")
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
bufs.Reset()
fmt.Println("::已经清空了bufs的缓冲内容::")
fmt.Println(bufs.String())
}
打印:
=======Reset======
如今開始 Learning swift.
::已经清空了bufs的缓冲内容::
string
将未读取的数据返回成 string
// String returns the contents of the unread portion of the buffer
// as a string. If the Buffer is a nil pointer, it returns "<nil>".
func (b *Buffer) String() string {}