配置yum源,解决安装rpm包的依赖,下面分本地光盘和外网yum源分别配置
检查是否已经安装yum这个rpm包
[root@RHEL6 /root]$rpm -qa |grep yum
yum-plugin-security-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch
yum-3.2.29-30.el6.noarch
PackageKit-yum-plugin-0.5.8-20.el6.x86_64
yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1-40.el6.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
PackageKit-yum-0.5.8-20.el6.x86_64
yum-utils-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch
或者
[root@RHEL6 /root]$yum --version
3.2.29
Unable to read consumer identity
Installed: rpm-4.8.0-27.el6.x86_64 at 2013-03-14 13:37
Built : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> at 2012-04-04 08:43
Committed: Panu Matilainen <pmatilai@redhat.com> at 2012-04-04
Installed: subscription-manager-0.99.19-1.el6.x86_64 at 2013-03-14 13:39
Built : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> at 2012-05-22 19:19
Committed: Devan Goodwin <dgoodwin@rm-rf.ca> at 2012-05-22
Installed: yum-3.2.29-30.el6.noarch at 2013-03-14 13:37
Built : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> at 2012-05-09 11:42
Committed: Zdenek Pavlas <zpavlas@redhat.com> at 2012-05-09
1.如果虚拟机无法连接,只能把本地光盘作为yum源
如果将光盘复制到虚拟机,那势必额外占用 4G空间,可设置系统重新启动自动挂载光盘即可
先挂载光盘
[root@RHEL6 /root]$mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /media
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@RHEL6 /root]$cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Mar 14 06:33:42 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=f8598559-2b9d-4f0c-9121-e7da840e0bd0 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=92811bd1-7d53-4c85-b877-794c0b85566a /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=5e468c5c-b46b-4cad-b94a-dc9868fe9eb9 swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /oracle ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/sdc1 /bak ext4 defaults 1 2
#auto mount ISO
/dev/sr0 /media iso9660 defaults 1 2
重启系统,自动挂载
[root@RHEL6 /root]$df -h /media
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media
配置文件
[root@RHEL6 /etc/yum.repos.d]$cat > rhel.repo
[Server]
name=server
baseurl=file:///media/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[HighAvailability]
name=HighAvailability
baseurl=file:///media/HighAvailability
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[LoadBalancer]
name=LoadBalancer
baseurl=file:///media/LoadBalancer
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[ResilientStorage]
name=ResilientStorage
baseurl=file:///media/ResilientStorage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[ScalableFileSystem]
name=ScalableFileSystem
baseurl=file:///media/ResilientStorage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
测试
[root@RHEL6 /root]$yum list |more
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
Unable to read consumer identity
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Installed Packages
ConsoleKit.x86_64 0.4.1-3.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201206132210.x86_64/6.3
通过yum安装vsftpd
[root@RHEL6 /root]$rpm -qa |grep vsftp
[root@RHEL6 /root]$yum -y install vsftpd
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-11.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
======================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
======================================================================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd x86_64 2.2.2-11.el6 Server 151 k
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 151 k
Installed size: 331 k
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6.x86_64 1/1
HighAvailability/productid | 1.7 kB 00:00 ...
LoadBalancer/productid | 1.7 kB 00:00 ...
ResilientStorage/productid | 1.7 kB 00:00 ...
ScalableFileSystem/productid | 1.7 kB 00:00 ...
Server/productid | 1.7 kB 00:00 ...
Installed products updated.
Verifying : vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-11.el6
Complete!
[root@RHEL6 /root]$rpm -qa |grep vsftpd
vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6.x86_64
2.虚拟机连接了外网,配置外网yum源
以下是之前配置CentOS的记录
编辑配置文件(CentOS 6.2外网的yum源) 中国科技大学yum源
cat > /etc/yum.repo.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-5 - Base
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.2/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 - Updates
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.2/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 - Addons
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.2/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 - Extras
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.2/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 - Plus
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.2/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.2/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
连外网的设置:
设置IP
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO=static
HWADDR="00:0C:29:85:10:53"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.75.56
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.75.254
TYPE=Ethernet
添加DNS
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 202.101.224.69
nameserver 202.101.224.68
重启服务
service network restart
ifconfig -a 查出MAC地址,路由器上配置下
ping www.baidu.com
yum安装或者更新软件:
yum -y install vsftpd （安装需要的软件,-y不需要用户确认）
yum -y update vsftpd （升级需要的软件,-y不需要用户确认）
以下是yum详细参数:
1. yum install <package> 这里是安装下载的软件包,由于本实验没有提供FTP下载.
2.yum localinstall <package> 本地安装软件包,在这里本服务器做YUM源.
3.yum update 全部更新
4.yum update package 更新指定程序包package
5.yum check-update
6.yum info <package> 显示安装包信息
7.yum list 显示所有已经安装和可以安装的程序包
8.yum list <package> 显示指定程序包安装情况
9.yum search <keyword>查找软件包
yum 会把下载的软件包和header存储在cache中，而不会自动删除。如果觉得它们占用了磁盘空间，可以使用yum clean指令进行清除.
yum clean headers清除header
yum clean packages清除下载的rpm包
yum clean all 清除header与rpm包
check-update 检查可提供的包升级
clean 删除缓存数据
deplist 列出包依赖相关
erase 移除一个或多个包从你的系统
groupinfo 显示关于包组的细节
groupinstall 从组里安装软件包到你的系统
grouplist 列出当前的组
groupremove 在一个组中移除包从您的系统
help 显示帮助用法信息
info 显示关于包或一组包的细节信息
install 安装一个或多个软件包在你的系统
list 列出一个包或某组的包
localinstall 安装本地 RPM
makecache 生成原数据缓存
provides Find what package provides the given value
reinstall 重新安装一个包
repolist 显示软件仓库的配置
resolvedep 决定哪个包提供了给定的依赖
search 查找包细节居给定的字符串
shell 运行交互式的yum shell
update 更新一个或多个包在你的系统
upgrade Update packages taking obsoletes into account
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant be tolerant of errors
-C 从缓冲中运行，而不是升级缓存
-c [config file] config file location
-R [minutes] 最大化的命令等待时间
-d [debug level] 调试输出级别
--showduplicates 显示复制, 在repo,list/search命令下
-e [error level] 错误输出级别
-q, --quiet 安静的操作
-v, --verbose verbose operation
-y 回答所有的问题为是
--version 显示 YUM版本信息并退出
--installroot=[path] 设置为root安装
--enablerepo=[repo] 激活一个或多个仓库（支持通配符）
--disablerepo=[repo] 禁掉一个或多个仓库（支持通配符）
-x [package], --exclude=[package] 在名称或glob不包含包。
--disableexcludes=[repo] disable exclude from main, for a repo or for everything
--obsoletes enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins 禁掉yum插件
--nogpgcheck 禁掉GPG验证检查
--disableplugin=[plugin] 用名称禁掉插件
--enableplugin=[plugin] enable plugins by name
--skip-broken 忽略包的依赖问题
--color=COLOR control whether color is used
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/6876163/1167016
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